WEBVTT

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It looks like it's 9:00 and we're ready

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for the next time . I'm looking forward

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to this one because the place I worked

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that long ago , there was a lot of

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smells that you had to be alert for and

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somebody ended up popping popcorn ,

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blow a Aaron tape and spread that smell

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throughout the facility and people were

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really nervous . Absolutely . Well what

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we have hopefully a great presentation

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uh to share with everyone today and so ,

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Good morning and welcome . Thank you

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for allowing uh dr Britt MS . Erica and

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myself to present to you today an

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overview of our research efforts on the

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use of olfactory virtual reality or VR

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and stress reduction within um first

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responders . The smell of fresh cut

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grass and sun dried laundry on the

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clothesline always brings me back to

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those summer days at my grandmother's

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house . The scent seems to pull me back

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to that time and while it was about 30

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years ago , my mind is flooded with

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those vivid memories and emotions from

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those summer days . Our sense of smell

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or olfaction is one of our most

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underappreciated abilities . Old

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faction allows us to sense danger is a

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key tool in finding a mate and plays a

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role in our sense of taste . Okay ,

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so as we look at the literature review ,

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old faction , A sense of smell has

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noted in research and literature , can

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elicit our most emotional associations

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to memories and experiences . Old

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faction has demonstrated the ability to

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evoke positive emotional memories and

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reduced physiological and subjective

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measures of stress . Similar research

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indicates that sense can increase

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feelings of well being and reduce

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stress . Several studies have used

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olfaction or Old Factory in combination

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with virtual reality exposure therapy

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to help veterans with PTSD . The

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efficacy of using Old Factory with

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virtual exposure therapy has led to the

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possibility of applying smell and V . R .

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O . V . R . And other applications such

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as decompression protocol using

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mindfulness techniques and breathing

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techniques and the use of virtual

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reality together to help individuals

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reduce stress . This method is called

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decompression protocol using ov our

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olfactory virtual reality

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to understand why smell and VR is

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potentially extremely efficacious . We

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need to look a little deeper at the

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science behind smell . Smell is the

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only sense that is directly connected

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to the limbic system . The limbic

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system is where memories are stored as

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well as the emotional content connected

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to those memories are formed .

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Additionally the limbic system

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regulates our autonomic reflexes such

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as hunger , sleep and heart rate . This

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makes the limbic system one of our

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strongest systems between two important

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elements that can help in the reduction

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of stress which are emotional memories

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and heart rate . So how does

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olfactory virtuality work ? Ov . Er The

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hardware depicted in the graphic uses

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what's called an ion device with a

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scent cartridge that you see in the

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middle picture there where micro

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technology produces nanoparticles of

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sent tuned to activate in millisecond

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increments the ion device with the

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scent Partridge operates wirelessly or

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over Bluetooth to communicate with the

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VR headset and the VR contents within

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the headset . The set where cartridges

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contain an array of smells that work

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independently or can be combined to

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create thousands of unique sense based

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on the needs and observed behaviors

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with the VR content and the example

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here in the picture , an individual can

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pick up a virtual rose and smell the

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roses in VR and if they turn over you

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can smell the dirt on the roots of the

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rose .

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Our research study will use this over

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our Inhale decompression Protocol VR

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content designed to help reduce stress

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anxiety . This Inhales software package

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is designed to lead users through

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virtual reality scenes combining

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virtuality and olfactory training to

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induce feelings of calm and well being .

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The inhales scent cartridge amplifies

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the benefits of the virtual content

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with the addition of transported sense ,

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such as the tropical beaches , freshly

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cut grass , pine forests , ocean

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breezes , wildflowers and even

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woodlands , hush or lush woodlands .

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The sense can be triggered

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independently or combined to produce

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dozens of unique olfactory experiences .

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To understand how this inhale VR

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decompression protocol works . Let's

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look at a video that talks or shows the

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execution of the inhale VR protocol

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set real or slip whatever is most

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comfortable . Feel free to move

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around as much as you'd like throughout

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the experience as you settle into

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this wildfire begin to notice your

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surroundings , notice what you

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see now this one ,

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the smell notice your

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total , bring

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your winds to

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nope but singularly extra

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MR totem to help focus your attention

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on your plan

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the speech breath coming

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and th going to

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to move to move us forward in our

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conversation . Eric will now discuss

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our research design and approach with

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the inhale over our decompression

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protocol research project .

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There we go forgot to unmute . Thanks

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dr Clayton . Um So

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is to implement olfactory virtual

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reality and track its impact on stress

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reduction . In first responders Air

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University formed a partnership with

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first responders in the Montgomery

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Alabama area . For the study we

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hypothesized that olfactory virtual

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reality will have a positive impact on

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first responders state of stress and

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anxiety resulting in a quicker to

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return to a normal heart rate .

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With this study we have to research

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questions we'll be examining first .

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Does olfactory virtual reality have a

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positive impact in helping first

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responders cope with stress ? The

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second research question is does

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olfactory virtual reality have a larger

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impact over just virtual reality or no

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virtual reality . In helping first

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responders cope with stress and return

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to a normalized heart rate . Next slide

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please mm hmm .

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So this study will apply a mixed

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methods approach using both

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quantitative and qualitative data

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quantitatively the study will apply an

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experiential approach to test the idea

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of whether smell in virtual reality

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compared to just virtual reality

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content compared to no virtual reality

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content will reduce the stress of a

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first responder . Our design will allow

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us to track the impact of virtual

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reality on reducing stress for an

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individual as well as tracking the

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difference between impact in a factory

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virtual reality and traditional virtual

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reality qualitatively . The study will

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apply grounded theory to develop an

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understanding of participants

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experience while in either the

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smell virtual reality or simply the

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virtual reality Hudson . We will then

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be able to determine correlations in

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the data between the qualitative and

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the quantitative data . Next slide

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please .

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So this quantitative data approach uses

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for data collection points collected

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using a finger pulse oximeter at the

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beginning of the given shift . We will

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take an initial heart rate reading from

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fire and rescue personnel . The other

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data points will be collected after

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first responders returned from an

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emergency call when personnel returned

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from a call and as close to immediate

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heart rate reading will be taken after

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this . First responders will take part

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in a virtual reality exercise depending

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on their group placement as dictated on

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the chart . One group person of

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personnel will experience no old

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factory or virtual reality and will

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instead just sit quietly in a private

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place for the duration of the would be

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virtual reality simulation . A second

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group will receive the virtual reality

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content with the old factory edition

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added on a last group will only receive

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virtual reality content without the

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ions technology and sent cartridge .

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So five minutes into the exercise .

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A heart rate measure will be taken for

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all groups . The rate heart rate will

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be taken again after five minutes after

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the virtual reality experience has

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concluded . So this yields grouping

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something like the chart on the slide

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for our three separate test groups .

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Next slide please .

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So the

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qualitative portion of the study use a

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pre imposed survey to capture both

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descriptive data and qualitative data

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about what first responders are

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experiencing and their experience

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during the olfactory virtual reality

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decompression simulation . Our goal

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with the pre survey is to track how the

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person is presently feeling in both

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terms of anxiety and stress . We can

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then track what we hypothesize will be

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the improvement of stress and anxiety

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levels after participants take part in

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the Old factory VR or just the

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VR exercise . We also wanted to see how

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people think of their own sense of

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smell . If someone says they have a

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very poor sense of smell . For example ,

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the old factory virtual reality

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exercise may have a lesser effect on

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this person than someone who has a

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great sense of smell and can fully

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experience the scent with virtual

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reality . Additionally , Since

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COVID-19 is known to have lasting

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impacts on both scent and taste . We

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asked participants if they have

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contracted the illness in the past two

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years . This allows us to , as of

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researchers to hopefully gather the

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most accurate data possible . I'm now

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going to pass it over to DR Brent to

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discuss future research and

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applications along with some

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conclusions .

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Come up to you DR Brandt

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Not again , thank you . Research on

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both the application of olfactory

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virtual reality and on its

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effectiveness and the learning

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environment is sparse . The importance

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of smell in the learning process is an

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area that we believe is rich for future

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research . It can in fact be key to

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increasing understanding through

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associated learning smell and the

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application of olfactory VR

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technologies highlight its connection

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to the limbic system . This can play a

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large role in learning through the

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facilitation of memory and memory

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retrieval . While there has been some

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initial research on its application to

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support those with post traumatic

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stress disorder , its application in

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training mission tasks requiring all

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senses is yet to be explored . This

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study will begin to delve into this

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aspect , particularly with firefighters

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going forward . A TC should consider

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future research on the application of

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olfactory VR in key areas . For example ,

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in pilot training . Next this

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technology could be used to improve

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training for flight emergencies and

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hazard identification and recognition .

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Similarly it can be applied to training

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and explosive ordinance disposal and in

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firefighter training . Next slide ,

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mm hmm . As we delve further into this

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area of research , we believe that

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linking the sense of smell to virtual

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reality experiences will significantly

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increase immersion in the learning

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environment with increased learning

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from truly a multisensory perspective .

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Some would say that using virtual

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reality without scent is like living in

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a black and white world . This research

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will first focus on stress reduction

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through the application of sent to

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virtual reality . It can then be next

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applied to the teaching of both

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technical and softer skills for example .

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Technical skills which require all

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senses in high risk environments can be

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taught with the addition of smell to

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determine immediate threats or danger

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or to support keep decision making in

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high risk situations . Likewise , it's

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linked to the limbic system , also

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supports critical soft skills like

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resilience , mental wellness and

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emotional well being . All are critical

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to mission performance . It's exciting

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to apply this technology to further

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advance the learning experience and

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better prepare our war fighters for the

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future . We appreciate

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your listening to our presentation and

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we'd now like to open the floor for

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questions . Thank you ,

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you guys you can use that Q . And a

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chat um to ask your questions . Okay .

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Do y'all have any idea of when the the

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study is going to start ? A great

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question . We've been working with dr

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chris it up at our universities I . R .

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B . I just saw an email yesterday the I .

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R . Our I . R . B . Had to go up to Air

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Force research lab and they are

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actually walking it through right now

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and from what dr chris it said it is

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going to get past and we should know

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this week . Uh so I'm expecting that

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we'll know by friday that it will be

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passed . It's been sitting up in the

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Air Force research lab for about a

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month . So we've been kind of waiting .

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So we've been anticipating , hopefully

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this would happen . So our goal is the

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month of May we will um have our

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ability to actually start the study ,

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which means we will actually have our

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researchers sitting at the at the

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firehouse is in Montgomery Alabama on

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shift with the firefighters . And as

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they are working their shifts and come

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back from those calls , they will

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conduct the study uh and gather the

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data with the firefighters over about a

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week to two week period sitting on

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different shifts with the Montgomery

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fire department . So hopefully here in

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May it sounds like we'll start .

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That sounds cool . Do you take the

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experience level of the firefighters

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into a county hall ? I mean , you know

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a guy that's been doing it for 50 years ,

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you probably have a building fall on

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him and said , Oh where are they ? Yeah

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that's a that's a great question and

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something that we probably should look

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at or or think through and and maybe

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that's a potential potential adjustment

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on our pre survey is , you know , how

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many years of experience do you have as

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a firefighter ? That might be an

17:01.766 --> 17:04.010
interesting indicator , potentially

17:04.010 --> 17:06.600
depending on um an individual's heart

17:06.600 --> 17:08.656
rates . Basically , if you've had an

17:08.656 --> 17:10.600
experience in those and and you've

17:10.600 --> 17:13.260
adjusted well over the years of of

17:13.260 --> 17:15.371
dealing with stressful situations and

17:15.371 --> 17:17.149
in your heart rate uh sits at a

17:17.149 --> 17:19.260
different level potentially something

17:19.260 --> 17:21.160
for us to potentially look at . I

17:21.170 --> 17:22.614
didn't think about that .

17:28.140 --> 17:30.720
Anyone else have any questions we

17:30.720 --> 17:32.831
prefer . You use the Q . And a part .

17:32.831 --> 17:36.830
But if you can't use that , put it in

17:36.830 --> 17:37.830
the chat .

17:54.440 --> 17:56.496
So there are there smells at the old

17:56.496 --> 17:58.607
factory stuff cannot reproduce . Um .

17:59.040 --> 18:02.180
Yes . Great great question . Um Yes the

18:02.190 --> 18:04.650
technology to produce the sense is

18:04.660 --> 18:07.470
interesting and can be complicated . Um

18:07.480 --> 18:10.980
There are just a few . One of them is

18:10.990 --> 18:13.950
jet fuel . It is very difficult to

18:13.950 --> 18:17.610
replicate because because these are

18:17.610 --> 18:20.370
actual the actual natural smells um

18:20.380 --> 18:22.602
that are that they're using . There are

18:22.602 --> 18:24.269
other there are other uses of

18:24.269 --> 18:26.940
technology that used uh olfactory scent

18:26.950 --> 18:29.970
experiences . But almost all companies

18:29.970 --> 18:33.480
use oils , candle type stuff ,

18:33.490 --> 18:35.580
fans and heat . And a lot of those

18:35.580 --> 18:37.636
things wrap around vaping and vaping

18:37.636 --> 18:39.890
technology which one in the D . O . D .

18:39.890 --> 18:41.834
Is is something that we can't do .

18:41.834 --> 18:44.430
However this company uses technology

18:44.430 --> 18:46.374
differently . Which is the natural

18:46.374 --> 18:48.430
sense they actually go out there and

18:48.430 --> 18:50.597
capture the natural scent . So they're

18:50.597 --> 18:50.360
capturing that and then it's breaking

18:50.360 --> 18:53.050
it down into parts per million . Um But

18:53.050 --> 18:55.272
there are a few smells that they cannot

18:55.272 --> 18:57.161
reputation replicate right now or

18:57.161 --> 18:59.383
capture like the fuel because it's just

18:59.383 --> 19:01.383
somewhat toxic to even do that . So

19:01.383 --> 19:03.383
they have to replicate themselves a

19:03.383 --> 19:05.494
synthetic synthetic one . Another one

19:05.494 --> 19:08.780
is um kind of burning flesh . Uh And so

19:08.780 --> 19:10.947
it's kind of difficult to go out there

19:10.947 --> 19:13.113
and capture the smell of burning flesh

19:13.113 --> 19:14.836
because you would have to have

19:14.836 --> 19:17.002
something someone burning of flesh and

19:17.002 --> 19:19.113
then capture that , and that's pretty

19:19.113 --> 19:21.447
much something that we don't want to do .

19:21.447 --> 19:23.502
So that's one of the other ones that

19:23.502 --> 19:25.669
they synthetically have created to get

19:25.669 --> 19:27.724
to the most closest smell of burning

19:27.724 --> 19:29.947
flesh for paramedics , firefighters E .

19:29.947 --> 19:33.760
M . T . S . That have VR simulations uh

19:33.770 --> 19:36.540
to practice having those smells when

19:36.540 --> 19:40.040
encountering victims that may have been

19:40.040 --> 19:42.600
traumatized by a vehicle accident like

19:42.600 --> 19:44.433
that are being caught on fire or

19:44.433 --> 19:46.489
something like that . So , but those

19:46.489 --> 19:48.700
are the two that I know of is jet fuel

19:48.710 --> 19:52.080
and the smell of burning flesh . We

19:52.080 --> 19:54.390
also have a question DR Clayton , how

19:54.390 --> 19:56.612
do you think the VR with smell compares

19:56.612 --> 19:58.890
to someone actually doing the activity ?

19:58.890 --> 20:01.057
Like picking up a real Rose versus the

20:01.057 --> 20:04.230
VR experience , interesting . Um So

20:04.230 --> 20:07.010
I've done um the that rose experience ,

20:07.020 --> 20:09.130
um I'll give you a different another

20:09.130 --> 20:11.297
example , there's another one that you

20:11.297 --> 20:13.352
didn't get to see the video of of an

20:13.352 --> 20:15.410
individual in the VR headset um

20:15.410 --> 20:17.760
standing at a campfire and you can

20:17.760 --> 20:19.982
stand there and you can literally smell

20:19.982 --> 20:22.149
the burning wood of the campfire . And

20:22.149 --> 20:24.260
when I when I did that experience , I

20:24.260 --> 20:26.427
even confused to me , I felt I thought

20:26.427 --> 20:28.593
I could feel heat because of the smell

20:28.593 --> 20:30.538
of the wood . So what we also know

20:30.538 --> 20:32.760
about smell and physiological things of

20:32.760 --> 20:35.600
the body is that smell can can

20:35.610 --> 20:37.221
influence and create effects

20:37.221 --> 20:39.600
physiologically on us . So , when I

20:39.600 --> 20:41.800
smell something I smell heat like

20:41.800 --> 20:43.911
burning wood , I almost feel like I'm

20:43.911 --> 20:46.078
warming up . And so that sensation was

20:46.078 --> 20:48.022
there as well . Then I picked up a

20:48.022 --> 20:50.078
stick and I roasted a marshmallow in

20:50.078 --> 20:52.022
the VR headset and the marshmallow

20:52.022 --> 20:54.189
caught on fire and then it came and it

20:54.189 --> 20:56.189
was blown out and as I brought that

20:56.189 --> 20:58.780
marshmallow towards my nose in VR um I

20:58.790 --> 21:01.012
literally smelled a roasted marshmallow

21:01.012 --> 21:03.510
and I , my mouth actually opened up and

21:03.510 --> 21:06.880
I tried to eat it . I salivated and I

21:06.880 --> 21:09.360
could taste roasted marshmallow in my

21:09.360 --> 21:13.260
mouth . And so this is a very unique um

21:13.270 --> 21:16.220
sent that we have not really focused on .

21:16.230 --> 21:18.341
Um and the and the uniqueness of this

21:18.341 --> 21:20.452
comes to a little bit of goes back to

21:20.452 --> 21:22.397
our other , our other presentation

21:22.397 --> 21:24.940
about suspension of disbelief , right ?

21:24.940 --> 21:27.190
So virtual reality creates immersion

21:27.190 --> 21:30.430
for people , a sense of presence . Um

21:30.440 --> 21:32.662
and and people really feel like they're

21:32.662 --> 21:34.829
they're there and we can bring haptics

21:34.829 --> 21:36.773
and things like that . But when we

21:36.773 --> 21:38.940
bring in smell , it's quite powerful .

21:38.940 --> 21:41.162
I've smelled a rose um in real life and

21:41.162 --> 21:43.273
I smelled the virtual rose and it was

21:43.273 --> 21:43.270
almost exact same thing . I felt it

21:43.270 --> 21:45.760
even more powerful in the VR because my

21:45.760 --> 21:47.920
mind , I literally am thinking I am

21:47.920 --> 21:50.087
literally holding nothing in my hand .

21:50.240 --> 21:52.620
I see it in my in my field of view

21:52.630 --> 21:55.150
holding this virtual rose and I can

21:55.150 --> 21:57.790
smell it as if it's real and that is

21:57.790 --> 22:00.070
such an impactful , powerful thing that

22:00.070 --> 22:02.070
creates this memory that I have and

22:02.070 --> 22:03.959
every time I think about it I get

22:03.959 --> 22:05.792
goosebumps because I'm literally

22:05.792 --> 22:07.626
holding a virtual rose but I can

22:07.626 --> 22:10.000
physically smell it or I'm almost in a

22:10.000 --> 22:11.778
way almost tasting that roasted

22:11.778 --> 22:13.930
marshmallow . I'm salivating to some

22:13.930 --> 22:16.097
extent on that roasted marshmallow . I

22:16.097 --> 22:18.319
can almost feel my mouth trying to bite

22:18.319 --> 22:20.430
and want to taste it . So my physical

22:20.430 --> 22:22.541
aspects of my body are being impacted

22:22.541 --> 22:25.020
by sense of smell . With these other

22:25.030 --> 22:27.670
stimulation of seeing it and being in

22:27.670 --> 22:29.559
this virtual reality , it's quite

22:29.559 --> 22:32.260
powerful . There's another question ,

22:32.270 --> 22:34.437
Dr Clayton is the release of the smell

22:34.437 --> 22:36.381
from the A . V . R . Device linked

22:36.381 --> 22:38.570
solely to some sort of haptic handset

22:38.570 --> 22:41.730
action . Or like contacting an object

22:41.730 --> 22:43.730
or can it be released by some other

22:43.730 --> 22:45.897
trigger ? Yes . Great . So they called

22:45.897 --> 22:48.008
spatial spatial something to remember

22:48.008 --> 22:50.650
that term . So typically um in the VR

22:50.650 --> 22:52.540
content , when you create the VR

22:52.540 --> 22:54.762
content , then you connect with the ion

22:54.762 --> 22:56.984
device And there's a little programming

22:56.984 --> 22:59.262
that happens with the with the company .

22:59.262 --> 23:01.484
Um and normally the smells are released

23:01.484 --> 23:03.484
either by time and the headset . So

23:03.484 --> 23:05.540
when you go into the headset and you

23:05.540 --> 23:07.651
start the simulation or you start the

23:07.651 --> 23:09.651
experience uh it knows between that

23:09.651 --> 23:11.818
Bluetooth , the VR content and the ion

23:11.818 --> 23:13.762
device communicating together at a

23:13.762 --> 23:15.929
certain amount of time and the content

23:15.929 --> 23:18.151
of the headset , there's supposed to be

23:18.151 --> 23:20.318
the smell at this time so that it will

23:20.318 --> 23:22.318
be released in most of it's done by

23:22.318 --> 23:24.484
positional space spacing . So when I'm

23:24.484 --> 23:26.318
in that headset and there's that

23:26.318 --> 23:28.318
campfire , uh that's just what they

23:28.318 --> 23:31.250
call a , I'll lose it here in a second .

23:31.250 --> 23:32.972
So that that campfire smell is

23:32.972 --> 23:35.194
persistent , right ? Cause I'm standing

23:35.194 --> 23:37.250
by the campfire . So the content and

23:37.250 --> 23:39.417
the ion device know that that needs to

23:39.417 --> 23:41.528
be released consistently to keep that

23:41.528 --> 23:40.980
kind of smell that comes standing by

23:40.980 --> 23:42.980
the campfire . But when I grab that

23:42.980 --> 23:45.091
stick with the marshmallow on it , it

23:45.091 --> 23:47.147
knows I'm doing a positional thing .

23:47.147 --> 23:49.202
It's been designed the content , the

23:49.202 --> 23:51.424
programming that when that person grabs

23:51.424 --> 23:53.702
the recent controller out and squeezes ,

23:53.702 --> 23:55.924
squeezes the controller . It's grabbing

23:55.924 --> 23:58.147
the marshmallow stick and it's roasting

23:58.147 --> 24:00.313
it and it's bringing that way to their

24:00.313 --> 24:00.230
nose so it knows positional what's

24:00.230 --> 24:02.341
happening . And that positional means

24:02.341 --> 24:04.563
that's the marshmallow form and we need

24:04.563 --> 24:06.674
to release the marshmallow smell . So

24:06.674 --> 24:08.841
it's done mostly by timing and spatial

24:08.841 --> 24:11.620
positioning of the the design of the

24:11.620 --> 24:13.731
different things that you're doing in

24:13.731 --> 24:13.360
the headset .

24:17.140 --> 24:19.620
And there's also someone in the chat

24:19.620 --> 24:22.670
with , with their hand up . Um Can you

24:22.680 --> 24:26.210
click on him and see what he has or

24:26.210 --> 24:27.210
come on you .

24:33.540 --> 24:35.762
Yeah , Anthony good . Yeah , go ahead .

24:35.762 --> 24:36.620
You can unmute yourself