WEBVTT 00:00.240 --> 00:02.880 calling into Today's From the Army 00:02.880 --> 00:05.102 Medical Research and Development Man on 00:05.102 --> 00:07.580 effort to Protect the Text and Treat 00:07.580 --> 00:10.350 Cove in 19 and Progress with vaccines 00:10.350 --> 00:12.680 and therapeutic development . My Name . 00:12.680 --> 00:14.736 Glory Salvator on the public affairs 00:14.736 --> 00:16.847 officer for the Army Medical research 00:16.847 --> 00:18.680 and development commands on On a 00:18.680 --> 00:20.960 moderate exceptions , the following 00:20.970 --> 00:22.990 senior leader are on state panel 00:23.190 --> 00:25.440 Brigadier general by Kelly Commanding 00:25.440 --> 00:27.496 general of the Army Medical Research 00:27.496 --> 00:29.496 and Development Commands and four . 00:29.496 --> 00:31.662 Teacher We have Colonel Wendy Salmon , 00:31.662 --> 00:33.829 Jeff in , the director of the military 00:33.829 --> 00:35.940 Infectious Disease Research Program . 00:36.140 --> 00:38.910 Colonel Deering , commander of the Army 00:38.910 --> 00:40.850 Medical Research Institute of 00:40.850 --> 00:44.100 Infectious Diseases , or USAMRIID . Dr 00:44.100 --> 00:47.240 John Die Chief , a viral immunology at 00:47.310 --> 00:50.680 camera . Dr Nelson Michael , director 00:50.680 --> 00:52.736 of the Center for Infectious Disease 00:52.736 --> 00:54.958 Research . Walter Reed , Army Institute 00:54.958 --> 00:57.400 of Research for Rare and Dr Cable on 00:57.400 --> 00:59.490 majority director of emerging 00:59.490 --> 01:02.070 infectious disease . Rare today 01:02.080 --> 01:03.970 Discussion is on the record after 01:03.970 --> 01:06.550 general tallies of Mark , I will call 01:06.560 --> 01:08.616 on you by outlet . Please state your 01:08.616 --> 01:10.560 name before asking your question . 01:10.560 --> 01:12.671 Please limit yourself to one question 01:12.671 --> 01:14.671 until we've got around the line and 01:14.671 --> 01:16.893 then we'll come back and feel questions 01:16.893 --> 01:19.116 until we're out of time . We have about 01:19.116 --> 01:21.282 one hour today . Remember to meet your 01:21.282 --> 01:23.616 phone when not speaking . And with that , 01:23.616 --> 01:22.820 I'll turn it over to you . Don't tell . 01:23.940 --> 01:26.340 Okay ? Thank you , Miss Salvador . I 01:26.340 --> 01:29.790 appreciate it , thanks to all the media 01:29.800 --> 01:32.190 outlets represented today . Good 01:32.190 --> 01:34.780 afternoon and thank you for being part 01:34.780 --> 01:37.640 of the day's Media roundtable for 01:37.640 --> 01:40.050 joining us remotely from United States 01:40.050 --> 01:42.190 Army Medical Research and Development 01:42.200 --> 01:44.370 Command in Fort Dietrich , Maryland . 01:45.820 --> 01:47.876 As with the two months since we last 01:47.876 --> 01:50.098 breathe , you are team has continued to 01:50.098 --> 01:51.876 work in support of the whole of 01:51.876 --> 01:55.270 government response to Cove in 19 . Our 01:55.270 --> 01:57.400 researchers and scientists are using 01:57.410 --> 01:59.180 all of our assets to develop 01:59.180 --> 02:02.140 countermeasures to prevent the tech and 02:02.140 --> 02:05.480 treat the virus . U . S Army Medical 02:05.480 --> 02:07.430 Research Institute of Infectious 02:07.440 --> 02:10.530 Diseases , or USAMRIID , as we call it , 02:10.540 --> 02:13.010 is the only laboratory in the d . O . D . 02:13.510 --> 02:15.940 Quipped that safely study highly 02:15.950 --> 02:19.010 hazardous infectious ages requiring 02:19.010 --> 02:21.960 maximum containment and a biosafety 02:21.960 --> 02:25.270 level four level . For example , 02:25.280 --> 02:27.850 USAMRIID scientist at best , the 02:27.850 --> 02:30.570 effectiveness of a new smallpox vaccine 02:31.490 --> 02:33.601 they're testing played a pivotal role 02:33.601 --> 02:36.480 in last year's FDA decision to approve 02:36.480 --> 02:39.070 the vaccine . In addition , the 02:39.080 --> 02:41.020 scientists were key players in 02:41.020 --> 02:42.970 redemptive your testing for the 02:42.970 --> 02:45.137 treatment of a whole a few years ago , 02:46.160 --> 02:49.050 so this pandemic began . We've heard 02:49.050 --> 02:51.510 the same followed with science that 02:51.590 --> 02:55.000 over and over again , and our staff at 02:55.000 --> 02:56.889 the Walter Reed Army Institute of 02:56.889 --> 02:59.650 Research for Rare have been following 02:59.650 --> 03:03.250 the science for really 100 27 years . 03:03.940 --> 03:06.051 They've investigated some of the most 03:06.051 --> 03:08.910 pressing threats to the health rating 03:08.920 --> 03:11.020 of the military , especially in the 03:11.020 --> 03:13.950 realm of infectious diseases . Their 03:13.950 --> 03:15.850 efforts have led to significant 03:15.850 --> 03:18.000 advancements in science in the 03:18.000 --> 03:20.222 development of medical counter measures 03:20.222 --> 03:22.650 to protect it treated in infectious 03:22.660 --> 03:26.610 diseases . Today , as we move 03:26.620 --> 03:29.410 at top speed in the fight against Kobe 03:29.420 --> 03:32.030 90 the work being done by our 03:32.040 --> 03:34.200 scientists at both laboratories are 03:34.200 --> 03:36.890 yielding promising results . And your 03:36.900 --> 03:38.880 family , they've been safely 03:38.890 --> 03:40.760 replicating the virus to support 03:40.760 --> 03:43.290 countermeasure development . Meanwhile , 03:43.290 --> 03:46.370 the team is rare has designed a unique 03:46.690 --> 03:50.300 19 vaccine candidate . In addition to 03:50.300 --> 03:52.820 this many of our other subordinate 03:52.820 --> 03:55.150 commands or using their unique assets , 03:55.540 --> 03:57.540 Do you support the whole government 03:57.540 --> 03:59.690 response in the virus or two dryers ? 04:00.200 --> 04:03.100 For example , our lab in Natick , 04:03.100 --> 04:05.720 Massachusetts . This is the last that 04:05.730 --> 04:08.420 focuses on environmental medicine , and 04:08.420 --> 04:10.420 it's evaluating the use of wearable 04:10.420 --> 04:13.210 technologies to the key . Early 04:13.220 --> 04:17.020 symptoms of coded 19 before Rucker , 04:17.020 --> 04:19.780 Alabama . Our aeromedical lad is 04:19.790 --> 04:21.960 expediting the testing and approvals 04:21.970 --> 04:23.700 needed to obtain airworthiness 04:23.710 --> 04:26.830 certification to transport Kobe . 19 04:26.840 --> 04:29.780 patients who require isolation on board 04:29.790 --> 04:33.350 U S . Army Rotary Wing aircraft in the 04:33.350 --> 04:35.150 U . S . Army Medical material 04:35.150 --> 04:37.150 development activity Right here . D 04:37.150 --> 04:39.800 Tree established a working group to 04:39.800 --> 04:43.110 support DVD and manufacturers to 04:43.110 --> 04:46.790 produce there and a pain the necessary 04:46.800 --> 04:50.040 FDA regulatory approvals for 04:50.050 --> 04:52.660 PT another medical devices . 04:53.980 --> 04:56.091 These are just a few of the many ways 04:56.091 --> 04:58.250 we're working to support for self 04:58.250 --> 05:00.620 protection and other things against 05:00.620 --> 05:04.320 Kobe . 19 M R D 05:04.320 --> 05:07.540 c . Had teams of incredibly competent , 05:07.550 --> 05:10.130 intelligent and dedicated men and women 05:10.130 --> 05:12.400 supporting this effort . I'd like to 05:12.410 --> 05:14.410 introduce . Those will be answering 05:14.410 --> 05:17.130 your questions today , Carl Windy 05:17.140 --> 05:19.710 saying . Jackson is the director of M r 05:19.710 --> 05:22.160 D C . Military Infectious Disease 05:22.170 --> 05:25.650 Research program . She's also the chair 05:25.660 --> 05:28.730 of the Joint Program Committee Kourtney 05:28.740 --> 05:31.060 Infectious Disease Research across the 05:31.060 --> 05:34.220 of D . For the last two years , Colonel 05:34.220 --> 05:37.190 Sam Jackson has managed this portfolio , 05:37.740 --> 05:39.440 which is achieved significant 05:39.440 --> 05:42.650 accomplishments with murders , Zitka 05:43.100 --> 05:47.080 and Ebola . And I had 05:47.080 --> 05:50.210 a bittersweet because Wendy is fast 05:50.210 --> 05:52.321 approaching her last day in uniform . 05:52.940 --> 05:55.450 Uh , he's gonna be retiring this month 05:55.450 --> 05:58.170 after 26 years of service . I want to 05:58.180 --> 06:00.390 thank her publicly for her right Great 06:00.400 --> 06:03.560 service . DEMAR d c The Army Inundation 06:05.440 --> 06:07.662 Girl Darren Cox is the commander of the 06:07.662 --> 06:09.773 U S . Army Medical Research Institute 06:09.773 --> 06:12.500 of Infectious Diseases . He's been 06:12.510 --> 06:14.177 instrumental and limiting the 06:14.177 --> 06:16.343 institute's researchers and scientists 06:16.640 --> 06:18.473 as they helped defend our nation 06:18.473 --> 06:21.370 against Kobe . 19 . His team has been 06:21.380 --> 06:24.060 working with enough , I guess . Kind of 06:24.060 --> 06:26.880 a lesson . Plans in the also be testy 06:26.880 --> 06:29.850 vaccine candidates developed by outside 06:29.850 --> 06:33.650 laboratories after John died 06:34.080 --> 06:37.020 is the chief of viral immunology at U S . 06:37.020 --> 06:38.964 Army Medical Research Institute of 06:38.964 --> 06:41.670 Infectious Diseases . He spent much of 06:41.680 --> 06:43.680 his career leading the research and 06:43.680 --> 06:45.958 development of medical countermeasures . 06:46.040 --> 06:48.096 I get that five of viruses and other 06:48.096 --> 06:52.060 viral biological bridge . Dr . 06:52.060 --> 06:54.330 Nelson Michael is the director of Rare 06:54.330 --> 06:56.950 Center for Infectious Disease Research , 06:57.640 --> 06:59.890 and Dr Michael brings more than 37 06:59.890 --> 07:01.890 years of research experience to the 07:01.890 --> 07:04.240 table , including direct involvement 07:04.250 --> 07:07.690 with vaccine development for HIV Zika 07:08.050 --> 07:11.360 Ebola , IT members , you may have seen 07:11.370 --> 07:14.770 that Dr Michael another national media 07:14.770 --> 07:16.826 broadcast . And when you look at the 07:16.826 --> 07:20.110 lights of Dr Andy , you back your 07:20.110 --> 07:23.410 burger , uh , that Michael effectively 07:23.410 --> 07:26.170 is a protege of those two top 07:26.170 --> 07:29.770 scientists that grew up in the M R D C 07:29.780 --> 07:33.700 organization . Dr . Came on the jar . 07:33.700 --> 07:36.170 It is the director of Rare Emerging 07:36.180 --> 07:39.040 Infectious Diseases Branch . And it 07:39.040 --> 07:42.020 went in the efforts for Kobe 19 back 07:42.030 --> 07:45.120 development from our d . C . Dr . 07:45.120 --> 07:46.898 Machar previously worked at the 07:46.898 --> 07:48.731 forefront of our efforts against 07:48.731 --> 07:51.880 murders . And Zeke he is a scientist 07:51.890 --> 07:54.540 behind a pad the edge event that's 07:54.550 --> 07:56.560 designed for the same family of 07:56.570 --> 07:59.620 diseases . His expertise is always 07:59.620 --> 08:02.810 important to these conversations . So 08:02.810 --> 08:05.032 we're all very proud to be part of this 08:05.032 --> 08:07.088 effort . And we look forward to your 08:07.088 --> 08:10.150 questions . So I opened it up . Now a 08:10.150 --> 08:12.094 Wall Street Journal . Your birth . 08:13.840 --> 08:16.940 Thank you . Uh , Gordon Wall Street 08:16.950 --> 08:19.006 Journal article . Has there been any 08:19.006 --> 08:21.720 progress in the last a month or so that 08:21.720 --> 08:23.887 would suggest to you you're gonna have 08:23.887 --> 08:25.950 a vaccine by the end of the year And 08:25.950 --> 08:28.730 what progress has been made ? I really 08:28.730 --> 08:32.020 appreciate the question and very 08:32.020 --> 08:35.920 optimistic , and rather than me talk 08:35.920 --> 08:38.110 about what's going on , you know , 08:38.120 --> 08:40.520 certainly at the ground level . I'm 08:40.530 --> 08:44.080 gonna turn it over first . Teoh , Dr . 08:44.080 --> 08:46.830 Nelson . Michael is a cave on the jury 08:47.340 --> 08:49.590 who are leaking certainly our efforts 08:49.590 --> 08:52.000 and m r d c . But I think you're gonna 08:52.010 --> 08:54.750 find that they convey what we're doing . 08:55.140 --> 08:57.362 It's all heard that whole of government 08:57.362 --> 08:59.660 at . So , Dr Michael , uh , let you 08:59.660 --> 09:01.660 take that ? You talk about the 09:01.670 --> 09:04.260 specifics , they're going on in rear 09:04.590 --> 09:06.646 over a very good thing . Thank you , 09:06.646 --> 09:08.757 General . Yes , this is Miss Nelson . 09:08.757 --> 09:10.646 Michael from the Walter Reed Army 09:10.646 --> 09:12.701 Institute of Research . Let me first 09:12.701 --> 09:14.646 say that , um , the teams that the 09:14.646 --> 09:16.479 General just mentioned are fully 09:16.479 --> 09:18.257 engaged in the new governmental 09:18.257 --> 09:20.479 structure called Operation Warp Speed , 09:20.640 --> 09:22.862 which really covers the waterfront from 09:22.862 --> 09:26.240 Therapeutics Diagnostics vaccine for 09:26.240 --> 09:29.350 our specific work in vaccine . We're 09:29.350 --> 09:31.350 very heavily engaged to ensure that 09:31.350 --> 09:33.770 across all of the agencies that the 09:33.770 --> 09:35.790 Army and the Defense Department 09:36.240 --> 09:38.140 capabilities and confidences and 09:38.140 --> 09:40.251 vaccine development can be brought to 09:40.251 --> 09:42.570 bear . What do I mean by that ? I don't 09:42.570 --> 09:44.880 necessarily test only those vaccines 09:44.890 --> 09:46.870 that are invented are intramural 09:46.870 --> 09:49.390 program . We have the ability to do pre 09:49.390 --> 09:51.770 clinical and phase one through face 3 09:51.770 --> 09:54.310 30 and I've done this consistently for 09:54.310 --> 09:57.950 almost 127 years . So the first you've 09:57.950 --> 10:00.440 acting that are being cued up for 10:00.440 --> 10:02.950 operation warp speed , which wouldn't 10:02.960 --> 10:05.330 include the vaccines made by the 10:05.340 --> 10:08.350 company's most daring out , Um , and 10:08.350 --> 10:11.690 AstraZeneca and Sanofi Pasteur and 10:11.690 --> 10:13.912 Johnson , part of Johnson and Johnson , 10:14.140 --> 10:16.390 were heavily engaged in discussions for 10:16.390 --> 10:19.090 how at every level of testing that we 10:19.090 --> 10:21.257 could be involved in those efforts . I 10:21.257 --> 10:23.479 think that's important because I really 10:23.479 --> 10:25.930 want Dr Majority . Then Teoh pick up 10:25.940 --> 10:28.970 the thread on the particular vaccine 10:28.980 --> 10:31.220 that his group has developed and why , 10:31.570 --> 10:33.681 we think , even though it will not be 10:33.681 --> 10:35.890 one of those first for vaccines that 10:35.890 --> 10:38.350 initially go into large scale testing . 10:38.350 --> 10:40.630 We believe that in the long fight 10:40.640 --> 10:43.090 against Corona viruses in general , not 10:43.380 --> 10:46.300 just this particular when I think I 10:46.300 --> 10:48.300 think we may be onto something very 10:48.300 --> 10:49.800 good , Let me stop there . 10:55.150 --> 10:57.240 I'll take it from there Then , uh , 10:57.250 --> 10:59.780 this is Dr K . Obamacare from Rare as 10:59.790 --> 11:02.350 well . And , um , I'll just 11:03.420 --> 11:05.680 that in addition to what Dr Michael 11:05.710 --> 11:08.940 said , our particular vaccine takes 11:10.050 --> 11:13.550 intimated a long term approach , uh , 11:13.560 --> 11:17.280 toward potential new strains 11:17.450 --> 11:21.240 of Kobe , 19 on other Corona 11:21.240 --> 11:23.184 viruses in the future . There's no 11:23.184 --> 11:25.296 evidence currently that there are new 11:25.296 --> 11:28.830 strain . We actually have done a lot of 11:28.830 --> 11:31.052 work that you'll hear about in the near 11:31.052 --> 11:34.950 future on um , showing that all 11:34.950 --> 11:37.420 the virus virus is currently 11:37.430 --> 11:40.180 circulating in the world can be covered 11:40.180 --> 11:43.360 by a single vaccine . But in the event 11:43.400 --> 11:46.750 that there for the virus mutates , 11:47.240 --> 11:49.990 our vaccine is position to be able to 11:49.990 --> 11:53.450 cover any new strains or species of the 11:53.450 --> 11:57.280 virus . Since we last spoke with , 11:57.290 --> 12:00.100 um , with the press court . 12:00.710 --> 12:02.821 Actually , over the past few months , 12:02.821 --> 12:04.900 several times now we have been 12:04.900 --> 12:08.450 vaccinating hundreds and hundreds with 12:08.460 --> 12:10.930 different versions of our vaccine , and 12:10.940 --> 12:12.990 we will be making a decision as to 12:13.040 --> 12:15.430 which one is the best one that we will 12:15.430 --> 12:18.040 be taking forward for manufacturing 12:18.360 --> 12:21.880 next week and then ultimately 12:21.920 --> 12:24.970 to a first in human clinical trial in 12:24.970 --> 12:27.700 the late summer , as Dr Michael 12:27.700 --> 12:30.780 mentioned then pending on the human 12:30.780 --> 12:34.110 data that we have obtained that will 12:34.110 --> 12:36.950 then inform the advancement of our 12:36.950 --> 12:39.820 vaccine candidates for a much larger 12:39.820 --> 12:41.931 trucks towards the end of the year in 12:41.931 --> 12:44.630 the context of operation warp speed and 12:44.630 --> 12:48.070 the other thing that all adds about our 12:48.080 --> 12:50.024 competencies and capabilities that 12:50.024 --> 12:52.136 advanced other vaccine candidates you 12:52.136 --> 12:54.191 only need to look don't need to look 12:54.191 --> 12:57.600 very far from the current news cycle of 12:57.600 --> 13:01.330 what just was announced yesterday that 13:01.330 --> 13:03.441 there's another Ebola outbreak in the 13:03.441 --> 13:06.300 Democratic Republic of Congo . Vaccine 13:06.300 --> 13:10.150 is being deployed for that new outbreak , 13:10.840 --> 13:13.120 Um , was developed by many different 13:13.120 --> 13:15.400 partners . But that vaccine for Ebola 13:15.400 --> 13:19.040 was first tested on selected those 13:19.050 --> 13:21.272 selected by the Walter Reed Army to the 13:21.272 --> 13:23.760 research in collaboration with industry 13:23.760 --> 13:26.960 partners . So we have that parallel 13:26.960 --> 13:30.180 model of inventing and advancing our 13:30.190 --> 13:32.468 own products with their own scientists . 13:32.468 --> 13:35.210 But then at the same time , um , 13:35.430 --> 13:37.597 collaborating with outside partners to 13:37.597 --> 13:39.708 advance and accelerate their vaccines 13:39.708 --> 13:40.708 as well . 13:45.790 --> 13:48.180 The question And certainly that was 13:48.190 --> 13:51.040 vaccine development efforts go across 13:51.050 --> 13:53.980 on . All of them are D C , which 13:53.980 --> 13:56.780 includes out of laboratories that rid , 13:57.500 --> 13:59.900 um , we'll continue on with questions . 13:59.900 --> 14:02.011 We get through as many as we can . Go 14:02.011 --> 14:01.740 ahead . 14:09.530 --> 14:11.980 Okay . This time 14:14.140 --> 14:16.420 I was wondering , with those four 14:16.420 --> 14:18.531 civilian companies that you mentioned 14:18.531 --> 14:20.587 in the vaccines they're developing , 14:20.587 --> 14:22.642 Can you go into greater detail about 14:22.642 --> 14:24.809 what you're doing to help them through 14:24.809 --> 14:24.750 trial ? 14:28.110 --> 14:31.440 Absolutely . I'm gonna let Nelson pick 14:31.440 --> 14:34.070 that . He mentioned that were part of 14:34.080 --> 14:36.730 the whole of governments . Operation 14:36.730 --> 14:39.620 works be efforts . Nelson is also 14:39.620 --> 14:41.787 serving as a member of the White House 14:41.787 --> 14:44.680 task force . So certainly speaking , 14:45.310 --> 14:47.477 you know , from that perspective , I'm 14:47.477 --> 14:49.421 gonna let let it go ahead and talk 14:49.421 --> 14:51.254 about those things . Thank you , 14:51.254 --> 14:53.810 General . Um , no way we can get more 14:53.810 --> 14:55.977 granular . I think the wonderful thing 14:55.977 --> 14:59.820 about the formation of 14:59.820 --> 15:03.050 operation warps me is that no , we are . 15:03.060 --> 15:05.990 We are , we're told quite clearly that 15:05.990 --> 15:07.990 will you leave our uniforms , which 15:07.990 --> 15:10.101 means your affiliations and hopefully 15:10.101 --> 15:12.268 your egos at the door when we sit down 15:12.268 --> 15:15.750 to table together . So this is truly on 15:15.750 --> 15:19.240 all in effort , something that affects , 15:19.620 --> 15:21.787 you know , the entire United States as 15:21.787 --> 15:24.009 well of the world . I mean , I asked my 15:24.009 --> 15:26.120 89 year old mother when the last time 15:26.120 --> 15:28.231 that every state in the United States 15:28.231 --> 15:30.398 was under a state of emergency and she 15:30.398 --> 15:32.231 said , World War Two , she lived 15:32.231 --> 15:34.342 through . So , you know , this is all 15:34.342 --> 15:36.342 What specifically are we doing with 15:36.342 --> 15:38.453 Madonna ? But the area is very , very 15:38.453 --> 15:41.750 likely to be the first major 15:42.200 --> 15:45.200 vaccine to be tested in a large scale . 15:45.210 --> 15:47.400 Phase three , almost . Certainly it 15:47.400 --> 15:49.456 looks like this stuff changes by the 15:49.456 --> 15:51.456 day , but almost certain , it looks 15:51.456 --> 15:53.456 like this vaccine is going to be in 15:53.456 --> 15:55.510 largely , if not exclusively tested 15:55.510 --> 15:57.566 within the United States . How about 15:57.566 --> 16:00.560 going to happen ? There are very large 16:00.630 --> 16:03.100 existing armies , if you will , of 16:03.100 --> 16:05.500 vaccine testers that are available to 16:05.500 --> 16:07.611 do this kind of testing their largely 16:07.611 --> 16:09.611 funded by the National Institute of 16:09.611 --> 16:11.833 Allergy and Infectious Diseases that Dr 16:11.833 --> 16:13.889 Fauci's institute at the N . I . H . 16:13.940 --> 16:15.718 They have formed clinical trial 16:15.718 --> 16:18.280 networks , the army's part of them and 16:18.290 --> 16:20.660 they the bulk of those clinical trial 16:20.660 --> 16:22.771 efforts have been oriented toward the 16:22.771 --> 16:26.070 testing of acting's for for HIV . Why 16:26.080 --> 16:28.247 we have been involved in those studies 16:28.247 --> 16:30.650 for almost 30 years . So I say this 16:30.660 --> 16:32.604 because I imagine this is like the 16:32.604 --> 16:34.827 beginning of the Second World War . You 16:34.827 --> 16:36.938 have small standing army , but you do 16:36.938 --> 16:38.993 have a standing army . You can build 16:38.993 --> 16:41.049 bigger forces around them to the HIV 16:41.049 --> 16:43.271 Vaccine Trials network , HIV Prevention 16:43.271 --> 16:46.820 Trial Network and the another much 16:46.820 --> 16:48.876 smaller network that basically other 16:48.876 --> 16:50.931 infectious diseases have now won all 16:50.931 --> 16:53.970 married together to perform to to form 16:53.970 --> 16:56.026 something called the Code Prevention 16:56.026 --> 16:58.192 Network . This is largely a collection 16:58.192 --> 17:00.137 of academic scientists , but again 17:00.137 --> 17:02.580 military is involved in and always had 17:02.590 --> 17:05.130 been insight that we have especially 17:05.130 --> 17:07.590 overseas , so we can bring our clinical 17:07.590 --> 17:09.990 trial expertise are just our 17:09.990 --> 17:12.360 statistical expertise , understanding 17:12.360 --> 17:14.249 community engagement . I mean the 17:14.249 --> 17:16.416 entire life cycle of how one has to do 17:16.416 --> 17:18.471 vaccine development . You can all be 17:18.471 --> 17:20.416 brought to their . I think again . 17:20.416 --> 17:22.471 That's important , because Operation 17:22.471 --> 17:24.638 Warp speed isn't starting from scratch 17:24.638 --> 17:26.804 in turn to these existing competencies 17:26.804 --> 17:28.804 and capabilities and then repurpose 17:28.804 --> 17:30.860 them for a single purpose , which is 17:30.860 --> 17:33.470 the test vaccines and also monoclonal 17:33.470 --> 17:36.420 antibodies and eventually , drugs for 17:36.740 --> 17:39.690 the response against code in 19 . So , 17:39.940 --> 17:42.380 um , the second study that's coming up ? 17:42.380 --> 17:45.570 Not that far behind . Some people have 17:45.570 --> 17:48.190 called the Oxford Vaccine vaccine . 17:48.190 --> 17:50.710 It's based on chip at Champ . Add No 17:51.490 --> 17:54.620 Virus , Oxford one . And that vaccine 17:54.620 --> 17:56.676 has been used before for Lady Corona 17:56.676 --> 17:59.050 virus only in phase one testing , and 17:59.540 --> 18:02.820 that has already begun . Teoh go into 18:02.820 --> 18:05.098 clinical studies in the United Kingdom . 18:05.440 --> 18:07.551 Um , and it's looking like the United 18:07.551 --> 18:09.773 States will add a significant number of 18:09.773 --> 18:11.884 clinical sites to that . When you get 18:11.884 --> 18:14.250 further out , um , Teoh talking about 18:14.260 --> 18:17.280 Johnson's adenovirus type 26 that's 18:17.280 --> 18:19.169 actually vacuum . Many of us have 18:19.169 --> 18:21.391 already had some experience with its in 18:21.391 --> 18:23.530 large scale testing for HIV , so that 18:23.540 --> 18:27.020 platform purpose for HIV you can 18:27.020 --> 18:30.080 basically plot out a portion of that 18:30.080 --> 18:32.910 vaccine . Put in something for code 19 18:32.910 --> 18:35.640 that's being done . That has , um , 18:35.840 --> 18:38.360 might my death . That vaccine is going 18:38.360 --> 18:40.249 to be tested more internationally 18:40.420 --> 18:42.531 because they have a bit more time and 18:42.531 --> 18:44.587 their networks more oriented in that 18:44.587 --> 18:46.698 direction and so forth . So I think , 18:46.698 --> 18:48.642 you know , is that the long winded 18:48.642 --> 18:50.587 answer ? So I want to stop , but I 18:50.587 --> 18:52.698 think it gives you the idea of how we 18:52.698 --> 18:54.920 can help . We don't necessarily have to 18:54.920 --> 18:57.520 help , um , with with the provisional 18:57.520 --> 18:59.687 brand new trial sites that the D O . D 18:59.687 --> 19:01.853 will bring to barrel . Those are being 19:01.853 --> 19:03.576 spun up . But we can also help 19:03.576 --> 19:05.970 immediately because we have sites 19:05.970 --> 19:08.400 available . We have expertise . Runs 19:08.410 --> 19:10.577 the gamut from 40 clinical work that's 19:10.577 --> 19:12.466 being don't you , Sam Bird Teoh . 19:12.466 --> 19:14.410 Clinical trials that could be done 19:14.410 --> 19:16.860 through rare with other networks way 19:16.860 --> 19:18.670 are becoming part of a larger 19:18.670 --> 19:20.837 conversation in a larger collection of 19:21.140 --> 19:23.418 of efforts to test these vaccines over . 19:25.540 --> 19:27.540 Hey , Thank you about defense one . 19:30.440 --> 19:32.718 All right . Thanks for doing this . Uh , 19:32.718 --> 19:34.884 so it puts Question , you've mentioned 19:34.884 --> 19:37.107 a vaccine possibly available by the end 19:37.107 --> 19:38.884 of the year , and I'm trying to 19:38.884 --> 19:40.940 understand you know , based on other 19:40.940 --> 19:42.996 vaccine candidates that have already 19:42.996 --> 19:42.800 been touted . I know that one was in 19:42.800 --> 19:45.600 human tests , like in early February . 19:45.840 --> 19:48.007 When you say , available by the end of 19:48.007 --> 19:49.840 the year , Are you talking about 19:49.840 --> 19:51.896 available to first responders by the 19:51.896 --> 19:54.007 end of the year they're talking about 19:54.007 --> 19:55.896 available ? If that When would it 19:55.896 --> 19:57.896 actually be available to , uh , not 19:57.896 --> 20:00.118 just people in the clinical trials with 20:00.118 --> 20:02.396 but first responders . And beyond that , 20:02.510 --> 20:04.399 when would it be available to the 20:04.399 --> 20:08.110 broader public ? In your estimation , a 20:08.120 --> 20:10.009 second question about the testing 20:10.009 --> 20:11.009 capability . 20:14.140 --> 20:17.610 Go ahead and else in place . All right , 20:17.830 --> 20:20.052 so now you're asking a far more complex 20:20.052 --> 20:22.274 question , and I think that , um , it's 20:22.274 --> 20:25.660 important to recognize that at the end 20:25.660 --> 20:28.110 of the day , the lead federal agency 20:28.110 --> 20:30.690 that is responsible for actually doing 20:30.690 --> 20:32.468 of what we would call a vaccine 20:32.468 --> 20:34.468 campaign and then the nowhere . Now 20:34.468 --> 20:36.634 we're past the time when we tested the 20:36.634 --> 20:38.857 vaccine for vaccine . You have one , or 20:38.857 --> 20:41.134 more than look like that they are safe , 20:41.134 --> 20:42.968 effective , and we can make them 20:42.968 --> 20:44.968 accessible to the American people . 20:44.968 --> 20:46.912 Then the question of who gets that 20:46.912 --> 20:49.170 vaccine is a complex number one . Some 20:49.170 --> 20:51.226 of these vaccines are probably gonna 20:51.226 --> 20:53.448 work better in certain populations than 20:53.448 --> 20:56.490 in others . Um , for example , some of 20:56.490 --> 20:58.712 the vacuums are being put into clinical 20:58.712 --> 21:01.770 testing . Um , or one that probably 21:01.780 --> 21:03.860 aren't gonna be a safe . And people 21:03.860 --> 21:06.027 that are very young , very own or have 21:06.027 --> 21:08.620 other disease of the immune system . 21:08.700 --> 21:10.644 Let me , for example , someone who 21:10.644 --> 21:12.700 might have new this or someone might 21:12.700 --> 21:14.811 have HIV in collection . So decisions 21:14.811 --> 21:17.680 about how the vaccine used is really a 21:17.680 --> 21:20.680 complex question that involved safety . 21:20.680 --> 21:22.902 This is where the U . S . FDA will have 21:22.902 --> 21:25.013 very strong hand in the Saudi who get 21:25.013 --> 21:27.236 those vaccines . And then , of course , 21:27.270 --> 21:29.326 the CDC is responsible at the end of 21:29.326 --> 21:32.350 the day for the deployment of vaccine . 21:32.910 --> 21:35.021 I mean , I remember the child getting 21:35.021 --> 21:37.077 oral polio vaccine on a sugar cube , 21:37.077 --> 21:39.530 but I was , I think , third grade , um 21:39.540 --> 21:41.790 and that was that campaign is being 21:41.800 --> 21:44.620 waas and would be again will be 21:44.620 --> 21:46.620 overseen by the Centers for Disease 21:46.620 --> 21:48.509 Control because they make federal 21:48.680 --> 21:51.013 policy for how vaccines are implemented . 21:51.340 --> 21:54.910 And I think the critical point that we 21:54.910 --> 21:58.070 need to keep a guide post are we are 21:58.070 --> 21:59.959 moving quickly , and the American 21:59.959 --> 22:01.903 people need to understand that the 22:01.903 --> 22:04.070 vaccine has really hit three different 22:04.070 --> 22:06.070 died , one that has to be first and 22:06.070 --> 22:08.181 foremost to would have to be shown to 22:08.181 --> 22:10.610 be effective and three that need to be 22:10.620 --> 22:12.676 acceptable . I would say that from a 22:12.676 --> 22:15.030 bioethical Sandpoint if these studies 22:15.030 --> 22:18.120 will be done against a placebo . Um , 22:18.640 --> 22:21.030 I think in general , in clinical trials , 22:21.040 --> 22:22.984 the people that were involved in a 22:22.984 --> 22:25.151 placebo arm usually are offered to get 22:25.151 --> 22:27.970 vaccine earlier that another's . But 22:27.970 --> 22:29.748 the end of the day is a complex 22:29.748 --> 22:31.859 question about who gets the vaccine , 22:31.859 --> 22:33.970 that it's gonna be based on who needs 22:33.970 --> 22:37.030 the most in terms of safety . Um , and 22:37.100 --> 22:38.156 what risk taking ? 22:41.310 --> 22:45.270 Uh uh , it sort of looks 22:45.270 --> 22:47.381 called . Did he mention the testing ? 22:47.381 --> 22:49.437 So basically same question about the 22:49.437 --> 22:51.437 testing Mark Dental really has said 22:51.437 --> 22:53.940 that the Army were kind of self test to 22:53.950 --> 22:55.900 be distributed to troops . So the 22:55.910 --> 22:58.021 testing capability that you mentioned 22:58.021 --> 22:59.743 When do you think that will be 22:59.743 --> 23:02.990 available to say either first 23:02.990 --> 23:05.980 responders or frontline U . S troops ? 23:06.250 --> 23:08.361 And when do you think that capability 23:08.361 --> 23:10.694 will be available to the broader public ? 23:14.230 --> 23:16.290 Yes , Why didn't take that one ? And 23:16.680 --> 23:19.660 certainly when you look at the testing 23:19.660 --> 23:23.520 that's in place now using a 23:23.560 --> 23:25.690 different death . Different platforms 23:25.690 --> 23:29.160 at available that are available were 23:29.160 --> 23:32.610 using a number of types of systems . 23:33.010 --> 23:36.150 Right now , certainly the military , um 23:36.160 --> 23:38.870 so the availability of first responders 23:39.250 --> 23:42.550 it is ongoing . Certainly , as we speak , 23:43.430 --> 23:46.960 our team at M R D C , along with the 23:46.960 --> 23:48.910 whole of government , is certainly 23:49.660 --> 23:53.180 taking nation efforts . Teoh 23:53.190 --> 23:55.900 perfect the testing , if you will not 23:55.910 --> 23:58.960 100% effective . You heard that reports 23:58.960 --> 24:02.550 about not false read potentially , and 24:02.560 --> 24:06.320 our teams are actually now heavily gays 24:06.890 --> 24:09.770 with the best type of test confirmatory 24:09.770 --> 24:13.720 testing test will detect bodies . 24:13.730 --> 24:15.960 Right , way to confirm or deny , if you 24:15.960 --> 24:19.620 have to test it . Certainly those 24:19.630 --> 24:21.686 tests that will determine whether or 24:21.686 --> 24:25.280 not you had these and if whether or not 24:25.290 --> 24:28.380 the end of I themselves are being 24:28.380 --> 24:30.602 produced in the body and that there's a 24:30.602 --> 24:34.550 long term effect , so certainly 24:34.850 --> 24:38.400 that's ongoing in the availability is 24:38.410 --> 24:40.540 ongoing right now throughout the 24:40.540 --> 24:43.330 country for first responders and then 24:43.330 --> 24:46.550 certainly in the military for over . 24:48.160 --> 24:51.360 I stopped there , but certainly our 24:51.370 --> 24:54.580 team and rid way engaged in that . I 24:54.580 --> 24:56.691 would advice that certainly follow up 24:56.691 --> 24:58.802 from the other reporters with some of 24:58.802 --> 25:01.180 the things we're doing with with our 25:01.180 --> 25:03.920 infected military population . 25:06.240 --> 25:08.380 Great . Great . Thank you . 25:11.040 --> 25:14.490 Hi . Um , so you're talking a lot about 25:14.490 --> 25:16.712 vaccines . What work might you be doing 25:16.712 --> 25:19.820 on therapeutics for treating coverted 25:19.950 --> 25:23.700 until we get a vaccine ? They 25:23.710 --> 25:27.130 think Bill and I was hoping you that 25:27.140 --> 25:30.710 I want to turn it . Teoh , Colonel 25:30.710 --> 25:33.780 Cox and John die over it . Written a 25:33.790 --> 25:36.760 lot going on exciting work . And 25:36.760 --> 25:38.871 they're moving with the lafferty that 25:38.871 --> 25:40.593 develop some of those of those 25:40.593 --> 25:42.770 countermeasures . So , Colonel Cox and 25:42.770 --> 25:44.900 John guy , I'm gonna flip it over to 25:44.910 --> 25:46.743 you . And I think that's a great 25:46.743 --> 25:49.710 question from Ellen . Thank you , 25:49.710 --> 25:52.660 General . This is John by . And so we 25:52.660 --> 25:55.130 have multiple lines of effort moving in 25:55.130 --> 25:58.050 parallel for the development of medical 25:58.050 --> 25:59.994 countermeasures in the therapeutic 25:59.994 --> 26:01.994 rooms . So something that you could 26:01.994 --> 26:04.217 give to someone who is either suspected 26:04.217 --> 26:06.328 to be infected or potentially already 26:06.328 --> 26:08.161 infected . And they're different 26:08.161 --> 26:10.272 buckets . When it comes to that , you 26:10.272 --> 26:10.180 have to think about different types of 26:10.190 --> 26:13.710 therapeutics when a person is , uh , 26:13.720 --> 26:15.831 showing signs of disease , but not in 26:15.831 --> 26:17.942 the hospital yet . And those when you 26:17.942 --> 26:20.109 move into the hospital and potentially 26:20.109 --> 26:22.164 on a ventilator . So the major lines 26:22.164 --> 26:24.387 that we've been focusing on . Our we've 26:24.387 --> 26:26.570 been supporting efforts . M . R D C . 26:26.570 --> 26:28.350 Has been supporting efforts on 26:28.350 --> 26:30.128 convalescent plasma studies and 26:30.128 --> 26:32.461 multiple sites across the United States . 26:32.461 --> 26:34.461 What we've been looking at is we've 26:34.461 --> 26:36.628 been trying to assess the convalescent 26:36.628 --> 26:38.739 plasma itself for its ability to stop 26:38.739 --> 26:41.630 or hope the viral growth . If we take 26:41.630 --> 26:43.630 that convalescent plasma and put it 26:43.630 --> 26:46.340 into a dish and put virus in that dish , 26:46.740 --> 26:48.670 so the idea would be that we can 26:48.670 --> 26:51.770 actually determine from donors whether 26:51.770 --> 26:53.937 they're convalescent plasma would have 26:53.937 --> 26:56.159 a really good effect if we were to take 26:56.159 --> 26:58.159 that convalescent plasma and put it 26:58.159 --> 27:00.880 into a infected person . So that's one 27:00.880 --> 27:03.158 line that we've been moving forward on . 27:03.158 --> 27:05.380 Ah , second line is moving forward with 27:05.380 --> 27:07.491 high throughput screening of existing 27:07.491 --> 27:10.590 drugs or novel small molecules . So we 27:10.590 --> 27:12.423 have the ability here you Sammer 27:12.423 --> 27:14.479 through high throughput screening to 27:14.479 --> 27:17.180 screen tens of thousands of drugs or 27:17.180 --> 27:20.300 small molecules on a weekly basis . So 27:20.300 --> 27:23.880 we're constantly looking for novel and 27:23.880 --> 27:25.880 repurposed drugs that are currently 27:25.880 --> 27:28.047 available . These would include things 27:28.047 --> 27:29.936 like hydrochloric when room death 27:29.936 --> 27:32.158 severe . This was actually the way room 27:32.158 --> 27:34.102 disappear . Waas discovered on and 27:34.102 --> 27:36.158 utilized for Ebola virus infection . 27:36.740 --> 27:38.796 The last line of effort that I would 27:38.796 --> 27:40.560 focus on is the development of 27:40.560 --> 27:42.760 monoclonal antibodies . So you 27:42.760 --> 27:45.230 stammered . And M R D C and rare are in 27:45.230 --> 27:47.480 collaboration with multiple companies 27:47.800 --> 27:50.022 across the United States and across the 27:50.022 --> 27:52.230 world for the development of novel 27:52.230 --> 27:54.286 monoclonal antibodies . Whether that 27:54.286 --> 27:56.550 would be a human monoclonal from a 27:56.560 --> 27:58.740 human convalescent survivor or an 27:58.740 --> 28:01.370 artificially generated monoclonal . And 28:01.370 --> 28:03.314 those monoclonal antibodies can be 28:03.314 --> 28:05.259 given in cocktails of two or three 28:05.259 --> 28:07.481 monoclonal that act in different ways . 28:07.481 --> 28:09.648 And that would also help the spread of 28:09.648 --> 28:12.570 virus . So these are the three lines 28:12.580 --> 28:14.636 that USAMRIID has been focusing on , 28:14.700 --> 28:17.970 and we've been not only using are in 28:18.050 --> 28:20.670 the dish approach with virus , but also 28:20.670 --> 28:22.950 we've been developing animal models to 28:22.950 --> 28:25.170 allow the testing of the product in 28:25.170 --> 28:27.740 animals . As we move forward , those 28:28.070 --> 28:31.530 emergency use therapeutics in humans 28:31.530 --> 28:33.641 into phase one and phase two clinical 28:33.641 --> 28:37.500 trials . Okay , 28:37.500 --> 28:39.190 Thank you are mean . I mean , 28:44.600 --> 28:46.544 if they're not on this is tar from 28:46.544 --> 28:48.767 McClatchy . Oh , loved after question . 28:48.820 --> 28:52.460 I I was on mute . I'm sorry . I was I 28:52.600 --> 28:54.933 take it off . You have a quick question . 28:54.933 --> 28:56.930 Gina from Army magazine . 28:59.740 --> 29:02.800 Okay . How maney Army Labs are there ? 29:02.970 --> 29:06.620 How many of those labs are working on 29:06.630 --> 29:10.350 this vaccine ? Uh , 29:11.140 --> 29:13.850 and what is their level of effort 29:13.920 --> 29:17.740 around the clock on ships ? Could you 29:17.740 --> 29:19.820 describe kind of happy the level of 29:19.820 --> 29:23.170 activity at the Army left ? I certainly 29:23.180 --> 29:25.870 can . So as it pertains , the vaccine 29:25.880 --> 29:29.180 specifically , um , the two last 29:29.190 --> 29:31.412 represented today are doing the bulk of 29:31.412 --> 29:34.300 the work . Uh , it's Army Medical 29:34.300 --> 29:38.230 Institute of Infectious Diseases and 29:38.240 --> 29:41.120 certainly our Walter Reed Army 29:41.130 --> 29:44.260 Institute of Research . It's 24 7 29:44.880 --> 29:47.460 Um , there are various aspects of the 29:47.460 --> 29:49.790 lab work . We've mentioned up some of 29:49.800 --> 29:53.530 the animal research that's ongoing , um , 29:53.540 --> 29:56.130 the different types of vaccine 29:56.130 --> 29:59.150 development , Uh , rear , certainly 29:59.150 --> 30:03.090 using the patented edge of in that 30:03.100 --> 30:06.710 cave on majority is working on . So the 30:06.710 --> 30:10.670 work is continuous . Thea other effort 30:10.680 --> 30:13.100 is certainly are advanced development 30:13.100 --> 30:15.790 efforts with convalescent plasma not 30:15.800 --> 30:18.640 vaccine related , necessarily in the 30:18.650 --> 30:21.700 therapeutics and that involved are U . 30:21.700 --> 30:25.140 S Army medical material development 30:25.140 --> 30:28.530 activity . It certainly the supporting 30:28.530 --> 30:32.050 agencies that conduct the contracting , 30:32.050 --> 30:34.490 the program attics their hard work is , 30:34.500 --> 30:36.760 well , probably not the same 24 hour 30:36.770 --> 30:40.210 cycle . But certainly Theo efforts 30:41.290 --> 30:44.350 here with your family and rare , uh , 30:44.360 --> 30:47.560 we talk about works feed and making 30:47.560 --> 30:50.090 that our number one priority That's 30:50.100 --> 30:53.050 been ongoing for quite a few weeks now . 30:53.440 --> 30:56.700 Thanks for the question . How long does 30:56.700 --> 30:58.811 it normally take to develop a vaccine 30:58.811 --> 31:02.650 like this ? That better question 31:02.830 --> 31:06.690 we get that that when I'm gonna 31:06.700 --> 31:09.240 turn that back over to our team and 31:09.250 --> 31:13.210 rare . And I appreciate 31:13.210 --> 31:15.710 the question because it's going to show 31:15.710 --> 31:19.400 the comparison of what I'm out normal 31:19.400 --> 31:23.160 is perhaps what ? The fact that 31:23.790 --> 31:26.770 effort that we've done today is is that 31:26.780 --> 31:28.891 when you talk about the goals of warp 31:28.891 --> 31:32.090 speed , it truly is . So I turned it 31:32.090 --> 31:35.070 over to team rare and either Cavon or 31:35.070 --> 31:38.970 Nelson . If you get into this one as 31:38.970 --> 31:41.000 a great question and we're pretty 31:41.010 --> 31:43.260 pretty pretty season answering , this 31:43.270 --> 31:47.100 would go here . Okay , I'll 31:47.100 --> 31:50.280 do . I'll get 35,000 answering them 31:50.280 --> 31:52.690 like Cavon coming on the treetops . But , 31:52.750 --> 31:55.930 um , so let me start by saying that 31:55.930 --> 31:58.041 I've been trying to make an effective 31:58.041 --> 31:59.986 vaccine against HIV for 30 years . 32:00.400 --> 32:04.370 We've had some success , you know , 32:04.380 --> 32:06.750 in getting some glimmers of hope . But 32:06.760 --> 32:08.982 we're still putting significant amounts 32:08.982 --> 32:11.350 of efforts against that disease . Um , 32:12.010 --> 32:14.310 that ah , an incredibly difficult 32:14.320 --> 32:16.730 problem . Historically , you know , 32:16.730 --> 32:19.200 those timelines have gone 60 70 years 32:19.360 --> 32:22.280 in some cases . But I think that , um , 32:22.290 --> 32:24.290 you might hear the numbers quoted . 32:24.290 --> 32:26.234 Sometimes we're getting better and 32:26.234 --> 32:28.179 better and veteran making vaccines 32:28.179 --> 32:30.290 quickly for lots of reasons . Some of 32:30.290 --> 32:32.512 its technology , some of it the ability 32:32.512 --> 32:34.734 to mobilize communities and to bring to 32:34.734 --> 32:36.568 bear these , um , the scientific 32:36.568 --> 32:38.679 advances , working better with public 32:38.679 --> 32:40.901 private partnerships . In other words , 32:40.901 --> 32:42.957 it isn't just all the government are 32:42.957 --> 32:45.068 all pharmaceutical companies . It's a 32:45.068 --> 32:47.234 mixture of both . So there are lots of 32:47.234 --> 32:49.457 reading why we're getting faster . Um , 32:49.580 --> 32:52.260 but typically getting from concept into 32:52.260 --> 32:54.940 a phase one study is usually 2 to 4 32:54.940 --> 32:56.940 years and then getting to the time 32:56.940 --> 32:59.162 during which were beginning to look . A 32:59.162 --> 33:01.800 phase three studies can be up to 10 33:01.800 --> 33:04.140 years , even the modern Arabic cave on . 33:04.140 --> 33:07.890 I think some important anecdotes from 33:07.900 --> 33:10.400 Ebola and from Zika in our own 33:10.400 --> 33:12.456 experience within the M R G C family 33:12.456 --> 33:14.344 that I think are relevant to this 33:14.344 --> 33:17.550 situation . Cavon . Thank you . Uh , 33:17.940 --> 33:21.580 so one of the slides that I 33:21.720 --> 33:23.664 typically present when I'm talking 33:23.664 --> 33:25.960 about vaccine development is one which 33:25.960 --> 33:29.940 I show timelines for , um 33:30.300 --> 33:32.870 from the time that ah , new virus our 33:32.870 --> 33:35.110 new pathogen is discovered until a 33:35.110 --> 33:37.750 vaccine is developed over the past 100 33:37.750 --> 33:40.100 150 years . That timeline 33:41.640 --> 33:45.350 hasn't changed all that much . But 33:46.020 --> 33:49.260 what has changed is when there is 33:49.680 --> 33:53.550 a concerted and an intentional 33:53.560 --> 33:55.782 effort to develop a vaccine . When that 33:55.782 --> 33:59.140 vaccine program began to when we get 33:59.140 --> 34:01.000 the vaccine , that timeline has 34:01.010 --> 34:04.570 compressed considerably from years to 34:05.030 --> 34:07.197 meet , meaning decades , two years and 34:07.197 --> 34:10.140 now potentially two months examples 34:10.150 --> 34:12.680 that Dr Michael just alluded to with 34:12.680 --> 34:15.860 regard to Zika , our group A rare 34:16.040 --> 34:18.750 others of the N I . H and industry went 34:18.760 --> 34:22.250 from the initial 34:22.940 --> 34:25.110 sequences of the new strain of Vika 34:25.110 --> 34:27.110 that was circulating in the Western 34:27.110 --> 34:30.790 Hemisphere to a vaccine in humans in 34:30.790 --> 34:33.460 clinical trials in about eight and nine 34:33.460 --> 34:37.070 months . For eb ola going from 34:37.720 --> 34:40.800 the first in human clinical trials to 34:40.810 --> 34:42.754 getting the vaccine . My sense was 34:42.754 --> 34:44.866 about five years , but I was before I 34:44.866 --> 34:48.190 ve cup , it can go even faster , and 34:48.200 --> 34:51.220 they're really two . There are two 34:51.220 --> 34:53.930 things that limits how fast something 34:53.930 --> 34:55.986 can go , and I've said this before , 34:55.986 --> 34:58.150 and I'm sure my colleagues tired of , 34:58.780 --> 35:01.050 uh this phrase that I say , but their 35:01.060 --> 35:03.810 their laws of man loss of human laws of 35:03.810 --> 35:06.430 nature . Laws of man . We can we can 35:06.430 --> 35:08.840 compress quite a bit . Um , but the 35:08.840 --> 35:11.180 laws of nature we don't have much 35:11.180 --> 35:13.513 control over And what I mean by that is , 35:13.740 --> 35:17.620 uh , sometimes a science dictates how 35:17.620 --> 35:19.787 fast you can go . In the case of HIV , 35:19.810 --> 35:22.580 been very much that way . Much 35:22.790 --> 35:25.820 political will funding their husband 35:26.120 --> 35:28.231 towards developing an HIV vaccine has 35:28.231 --> 35:31.520 been a very difficult enterprise . Get 35:31.520 --> 35:35.440 one that's effective . Um , but most 35:35.440 --> 35:37.650 viruses aren't like HIV . They don't 35:37.650 --> 35:40.210 mutate like HIV , and so we can 35:40.210 --> 35:43.540 actually develop . The sign is not so 35:43.540 --> 35:45.596 much of a hindrance . So what you're 35:45.596 --> 35:47.940 seeing now , some of us being able to 35:47.940 --> 35:50.350 compress the timeline . It is , 35:51.340 --> 35:54.960 um , overcoming some of the 35:55.440 --> 35:57.630 fire issues that we've had with other 35:57.630 --> 36:00.570 vaccine development with funding and 36:00.570 --> 36:03.340 coordination , Um , and 36:04.130 --> 36:06.352 making sure everything is streamlined . 36:06.352 --> 36:08.408 So all the only thing that stands in 36:08.408 --> 36:10.352 our way is the science . And we're 36:10.352 --> 36:12.519 learning about the science of this new 36:12.519 --> 36:14.519 virus faster than we have about any 36:14.519 --> 36:17.840 other virus before . Uh , so going 36:19.700 --> 36:21.740 to a vaccine in a matter of months 36:23.330 --> 36:25.552 from concept all the way to phase three 36:25.552 --> 36:27.719 clinical trials and potentially lights 36:27.719 --> 36:29.830 and sure he is unprecedented , but in 36:29.830 --> 36:31.663 this case , I think very much is 36:31.663 --> 36:35.360 possible . Over . Okay . 36:35.360 --> 36:37.193 Thank you . Go ahead , Tara from 36:37.193 --> 36:40.430 McCloskey . Hey , thanks to all for 36:40.430 --> 36:43.520 doing this . So just follow on Teoh 36:43.630 --> 36:47.050 last remarks , given the speed that all 36:47.050 --> 36:50.000 of this is moving forward , Um , And 36:50.000 --> 36:51.833 based on where the tests are now 36:51.833 --> 36:53.722 choosing the mice , would you say 36:53.730 --> 36:56.000 access to a reliable vaccine is more 36:56.000 --> 36:58.970 likely in 2021 or by the end of 36:58.980 --> 37:00.650 calendar 2020 37:03.280 --> 37:05.680 a windy . I'm gonna let you take that 37:05.690 --> 37:08.730 one . Because certainly as we continue 37:08.730 --> 37:10.786 to work with whole of government and 37:10.786 --> 37:13.690 within D o . D . Uh , we have 37:13.690 --> 37:15.801 projections , you know ? Absolutely . 37:16.030 --> 37:18.670 But I think it's important , Teoh . 37:19.080 --> 37:21.460 We've in some of the aspects that have 37:21.470 --> 37:24.240 been named already with respect , risk 37:24.690 --> 37:27.910 and certainly cavon analogy with man 37:27.910 --> 37:30.790 human in nature , competing with all 37:30.790 --> 37:32.940 those things . So , Wendy , I'm gonna 37:32.940 --> 37:34.884 let you give perspective on that , 37:34.884 --> 37:37.420 please . Okay . Thank you , sir . 37:37.420 --> 37:39.253 Appreciate it . Kind of windy in 37:39.253 --> 37:41.650 Jackson . So Dr Michaels already 37:41.650 --> 37:44.510 alluded Teoh sort of the complexity 37:44.510 --> 37:47.680 behind the term access . And what do we 37:47.690 --> 37:49.634 really mean by that ? Because that 37:49.634 --> 37:51.820 could mean a number of things on . And 37:51.830 --> 37:55.730 so I think what we can 37:57.000 --> 38:00.640 confidently say is that 38:01.020 --> 38:03.990 we have goals and place from a whole of 38:03.990 --> 38:07.020 government approach , um , to make a 38:07.020 --> 38:10.240 vaccine available . And we can talk a 38:10.240 --> 38:12.296 little bit more about what available 38:12.296 --> 38:16.030 means , um , in some some 38:16.620 --> 38:19.280 scale by the end of the year and 38:19.290 --> 38:22.680 certainly increasing the scale of that 38:22.680 --> 38:24.791 which would increase the availability 38:24.930 --> 38:27.470 by the first of the year . And so , 38:27.470 --> 38:29.414 while those goals are in place , I 38:29.414 --> 38:32.660 think we are confident that there can 38:32.660 --> 38:36.530 be progress towards the goals and 38:36.530 --> 38:39.370 exactly taking into account exactly 38:39.370 --> 38:41.703 what that means in terms . Availability . 38:41.820 --> 38:43.653 Um , Inspector Michael's already 38:43.653 --> 38:45.600 mentioned that has to be under 38:45.600 --> 38:47.960 consideration in coordination with the 38:47.970 --> 38:51.270 CBC from a policy perspective from the 38:51.270 --> 38:55.010 FDA from a safety perspective on and so 38:55.010 --> 38:57.177 and certainly that would be the goal . 38:57.177 --> 39:00.160 I think it is reasonable to expect that 39:00.170 --> 39:03.720 there will be some form of a 39:03.720 --> 39:07.430 vaccine that could be available ATT's 39:07.470 --> 39:10.620 some level to a certain population 39:11.240 --> 39:13.410 by the end of the year , the first of 39:13.410 --> 39:15.630 the year , and that that is based on 39:15.630 --> 39:19.580 the goals that are presented from the 39:20.360 --> 39:23.130 the efforts that were engaged in an 39:23.140 --> 39:25.630 operation works being one of them , and 39:25.640 --> 39:27.807 certainly that would be the that would 39:27.807 --> 39:30.550 be the intent to do that . And I know 39:30.550 --> 39:32.717 it's kind of a convoluted answer , but 39:32.717 --> 39:35.110 it's a very complicated question to 39:35.110 --> 39:37.330 answer because there's so many factors 39:37.340 --> 39:40.360 that come into play . But I can tell 39:40.360 --> 39:42.471 you from that that is a goal . That's 39:42.471 --> 39:45.320 the target that we're shooting for . On 39:45.320 --> 39:49.030 course , back to Dr Machar is common . 39:49.520 --> 39:51.700 Science is kind of controlling this at 39:51.700 --> 39:54.300 this point . And so Aziz . Long as 39:54.310 --> 39:57.750 we're able to continue to progress and 39:57.750 --> 39:59.694 learn and understand and adapt , I 39:59.694 --> 40:01.639 think we have all of the resources 40:01.639 --> 40:03.861 available pointed in the same direction 40:03.861 --> 40:05.820 that could make that possible 40:08.500 --> 40:12.350 famine jacks and just want to reiterate 40:12.360 --> 40:16.200 with those goals everyone who was 40:16.210 --> 40:18.432 part of this effort within the whole of 40:18.432 --> 40:21.430 government works . The various efforts , 40:21.810 --> 40:24.930 uh , safety will not be compromised . 40:25.770 --> 40:27.590 So certainly getting the votes 40:27.590 --> 40:31.060 efficacious vaccine candidate 40:31.070 --> 40:33.237 Teoh in front of the line or cross the 40:33.237 --> 40:35.870 line incredibly important . But what we 40:35.870 --> 40:38.840 don't want to do is jeopardize safety 40:39.060 --> 40:41.227 for the sake of Steve . Now everyone's 40:41.227 --> 40:44.420 committed to that . Thanks . They go on 40:44.420 --> 40:46.950 bloomer away . I have one follow up . 40:46.960 --> 40:49.930 If that's right . Um , Okay , so just 40:49.940 --> 40:52.107 that more science based , not timeline 40:52.107 --> 40:54.220 based , But based on what you have 40:54.220 --> 40:56.850 learned so far , where are the blind 40:56.860 --> 40:59.027 spots ? What do we not know about this 40:59.027 --> 41:00.940 virus at this point , that might 41:00.950 --> 41:03.350 concern you . And given that there may 41:03.360 --> 41:05.650 still be unknown at this point , do you 41:05.650 --> 41:07.020 recommend anybody test 41:09.660 --> 41:13.340 John die ? Uh , do you think that went 41:13.340 --> 41:16.650 on ? And then no way need 41:17.560 --> 41:19.727 to expand . We can go from there . But 41:19.727 --> 41:22.900 that's a great question . Yes , sir . 41:23.000 --> 41:25.167 That that is we were sitting here with 41:25.167 --> 41:27.222 the phone muted , saying , that is a 41:27.222 --> 41:30.710 fantastic question . Um , so let's take 41:30.710 --> 41:33.500 the first part first . The what do we 41:33.500 --> 41:36.610 or do we not know about this virus ? Um , 41:36.620 --> 41:40.310 so and I can also have our friends at 41:40.320 --> 41:43.130 rare comments as well . At this point 41:43.130 --> 41:45.241 in time , we're still in the learning 41:45.241 --> 41:47.463 phases of the fires every time we think 41:47.463 --> 41:49.352 we have it cornered . And we know 41:49.352 --> 41:51.297 exactly what the clinical signs of 41:51.297 --> 41:53.408 disease are . How it replicates , how 41:53.408 --> 41:55.574 it moves through populations . It does 41:55.574 --> 41:57.630 something different . And we learned 41:57.630 --> 41:57.050 something new , and that's that's what 41:57.050 --> 41:59.980 viruses do . Uh , they're able to 41:59.990 --> 42:02.400 modify and adapt , and change and we 42:02.400 --> 42:04.400 have to modify and adapt and change 42:04.400 --> 42:06.840 with those viruses . So , uh , we're 42:06.840 --> 42:09.890 still in a learning phase in every in 42:09.900 --> 42:12.122 every aspect of this , whether it's the 42:12.122 --> 42:13.900 development of treatments , the 42:13.900 --> 42:16.330 development of vaccines , and it's 42:16.330 --> 42:18.590 going to be a constant learn . So 42:18.600 --> 42:20.822 scientists around the world , including 42:20.822 --> 42:23.090 at Army and other Armed Forces 42:23.090 --> 42:25.257 laboratories , are doing their best to 42:25.257 --> 42:27.940 keep up . Um , regarding the antibody 42:27.940 --> 42:29.884 test , there are multiple antibody 42:29.884 --> 42:32.051 tests that are currently available out 42:32.051 --> 42:34.290 there . Uh , right now they're called 42:34.300 --> 42:36.633 multiple tests that have been validated . 42:36.700 --> 42:39.950 Andi , I would say that moving forward , 42:40.100 --> 42:42.790 they will continue to be advances that 42:42.790 --> 42:45.660 are made in those antibody tests . The 42:45.660 --> 42:48.040 big question is we don't really know 42:48.040 --> 42:50.860 what those antibody levels mean . We 42:50.860 --> 42:53.470 don't . We cannot relate back those 42:53.470 --> 42:55.303 antibody levels to some level of 42:55.303 --> 42:57.710 protection . Everybody wants to know if 42:57.720 --> 42:59.840 I have an antibody tighter , an 42:59.840 --> 43:02.490 antibody level of X . If I come into 43:02.490 --> 43:04.434 contact with the virus , will I be 43:04.434 --> 43:06.601 infected ? And right now we don't have 43:06.601 --> 43:09.630 those answers . So I think epidemiology 43:09.630 --> 43:12.080 and looking at serology over large 43:12.080 --> 43:14.080 courts of people both in the United 43:14.080 --> 43:16.024 States and worldwide will start to 43:16.024 --> 43:18.580 understand what those antibody levels 43:18.590 --> 43:20.590 mean ? And when we get a vaccine on 43:20.590 --> 43:22.590 board , we can look at the antibody 43:22.590 --> 43:24.368 levels there generated in those 43:24.368 --> 43:26.534 vaccines . But right now , we're still 43:26.534 --> 43:28.368 in a learning phase , and that's 43:28.368 --> 43:30.257 probably not a great answer , but 43:30.257 --> 43:33.940 that's where we are . Okay . Don't 43:34.090 --> 43:34.720 remember . 43:40.150 --> 43:44.140 Alright , what about CNN ? Hi 43:44.140 --> 43:46.430 there . This is Michael from CNN . I 43:46.430 --> 43:48.652 was hoping I think it was Dr . Majority 43:48.652 --> 43:51.420 mentioned that the candidate that 43:51.500 --> 43:53.580 they're working on is that sort of 43:53.590 --> 43:55.590 hoping to have some sort of lasting 43:55.590 --> 43:57.812 protection against coronaviruses . Um , 43:57.812 --> 43:59.923 and I'm curious media to get into the 43:59.923 --> 44:02.220 read a little bit . About what ? 44:02.270 --> 44:04.090 Specifically about that vaccine 44:04.090 --> 44:07.590 candidate . Um is hoping to confer that 44:07.590 --> 44:09.534 lasting protection . I believe the 44:09.534 --> 44:11.701 target is the site protein versus some 44:11.701 --> 44:13.701 of the other backing candidates and 44:13.701 --> 44:15.423 platform that are being used . 44:18.950 --> 44:21.910 All right . Thank you . Steve . On go , 44:21.910 --> 44:24.420 go , Ray . Okay . Thanks . Thanks for 44:24.420 --> 44:27.970 that question . A great question . So 44:28.350 --> 44:32.100 let me just , uh , convoluted at a 44:32.100 --> 44:35.810 little bit that what is 44:35.820 --> 44:37.960 unique about our candidate is not 44:37.960 --> 44:41.170 necessarily the durability . So , um , 44:41.530 --> 44:44.470 their ability is how long does the 44:44.480 --> 44:47.860 immunity last from ? From the time that 44:47.860 --> 44:49.749 you're vaccinated and that gets a 44:49.749 --> 44:52.220 little bit about the question that Dr 44:52.220 --> 44:54.387 Di was addressing . We don't even know 44:54.387 --> 44:56.710 how long the durability is from just 44:56.790 --> 44:59.470 getting naturally interacted with our 44:59.470 --> 45:01.400 vaccine candidates . There's not 45:01.400 --> 45:04.900 necessarily a new expectation that it 45:04.900 --> 45:07.910 will provide longer term immunity . 45:08.290 --> 45:10.850 What is unique about it is that it's a 45:10.960 --> 45:14.640 It's a platform base that can be 45:14.640 --> 45:18.000 used for , um , 45:18.690 --> 45:21.900 targeting multiple strains and multiple 45:21.900 --> 45:25.880 species of a Corona virus in 45:25.880 --> 45:29.070 one vaccine . So most of the vaccines 45:29.070 --> 45:31.530 out there you have to keep changing the 45:31.540 --> 45:34.870 insert . So most of what you do you see 45:34.870 --> 45:37.037 out there in the landscape . But there 45:37.037 --> 45:39.148 would be the top four , the operation 45:39.148 --> 45:41.290 warp speed , right advertising or the 45:41.300 --> 45:43.356 second tier candidates . They're all 45:43.356 --> 45:47.250 have , um , in certain that almost all 45:47.250 --> 45:50.240 of the spike differences the vehicle in 45:50.240 --> 45:52.400 which they're delivering that that 45:52.410 --> 45:56.350 Spike and , um , and for those , you 45:56.350 --> 45:59.060 have to keep changing it in and out for 45:59.060 --> 46:02.510 ours . Right now , a particle is just 46:02.610 --> 46:04.990 presenting the spike protein , but it's 46:04.990 --> 46:08.210 presenting it multiple times about 24 46:08.210 --> 46:11.670 times around the particles , like a 46:11.970 --> 46:14.480 like a soccer ball . In terms of 46:14.840 --> 46:17.120 symmetry , I got all these different 46:17.130 --> 46:20.700 faces , and each face is spike 46:20.700 --> 46:23.890 protein . That's pointing out what we 46:23.890 --> 46:27.640 can do if there is new 46:27.640 --> 46:30.640 strains of the virus that emerged . Or 46:30.900 --> 46:33.067 if we want to try and cover all Corona 46:33.067 --> 46:35.720 viruses in one particle , we can mix 46:35.720 --> 46:38.020 and match spike protein from the 46:38.020 --> 46:40.131 different Corona viruses and put them 46:40.131 --> 46:42.242 on the same particle so that you have 46:42.680 --> 46:44.920 one vaccine that is universally 46:44.920 --> 46:47.700 effective against all Corona viruses . 46:52.280 --> 46:53.280 Okay , go ahead . 47:02.080 --> 47:02.570 Rating 47:09.290 --> 47:12.790 hurt . Television . Hi there . Mark . 47:12.790 --> 47:14.734 Albert here . Thanks very much for 47:14.734 --> 47:16.957 doing this call . If we could just stay 47:16.957 --> 47:18.846 on that That sort of universal or 47:18.846 --> 47:21.012 global vaccine candidate that you were 47:21.012 --> 47:24.720 just mentioning two questions . Uhm , 47:24.890 --> 47:27.057 one question to comment as you look to 47:27.057 --> 47:29.400 begin the first human trials on that 47:29.400 --> 47:31.860 late summer . Just an observation would 47:31.890 --> 47:33.834 love for you folks to consider the 47:33.834 --> 47:36.057 visuals on that and how we can visually 47:36.057 --> 47:38.223 tell that story . So if you decide how 47:38.223 --> 47:40.279 you're gonna ramp that up , if there 47:40.279 --> 47:42.501 were some sort of cool option for still 47:42.501 --> 47:44.612 images video , that would really help 47:44.612 --> 47:47.780 us to tell that story . And I'm curious 47:48.330 --> 47:50.610 on that development . What does that 47:50.710 --> 47:53.400 that human trial this in late summer or 47:53.400 --> 47:57.020 so look like that using a zoo sort of 47:57.020 --> 47:59.010 referred to the standing army of 47:59.480 --> 48:03.130 vaccine testers that NH has . Or are 48:03.130 --> 48:05.352 you gonna be assembling a new sort of , 48:05.352 --> 48:06.850 uh , army for that ? 48:11.770 --> 48:14.110 Yes . A lot of a lot of efforts going 48:14.110 --> 48:17.000 on , certainly as we begin planning for 48:17.010 --> 48:20.680 first human trials . And certainly 48:20.690 --> 48:24.080 some are beginning now and essentially 48:24.470 --> 48:26.526 when you're looking at the different 48:26.810 --> 48:28.920 types of trials . So faith one , 48:29.050 --> 48:31.640 certainly representing a smaller 48:31.640 --> 48:35.270 population . And when you jump all way 48:35.290 --> 48:38.420 face to which potentially could be 1000 48:38.490 --> 48:42.010 and then up to admit he is 30,000 for a 48:42.010 --> 48:44.760 phase three . Certainly the planning 48:44.760 --> 48:48.010 efforts they're going into that are 48:48.020 --> 48:50.280 gonna take you Certainly a whole of 48:50.280 --> 48:52.890 government approach . And the 48:52.900 --> 48:56.530 solicitation for volunteers curls Sam 48:56.570 --> 49:00.200 Jackson . If you can comment a little 49:00.200 --> 49:03.870 bit more about what that will look like 49:03.870 --> 49:06.092 as we go forward , I think that will be 49:06.092 --> 49:09.850 open . Um , can 49:09.850 --> 49:12.350 you Could you elaborate a little bit 49:12.350 --> 49:14.128 more on the second part of your 49:14.128 --> 49:17.860 question ? Sure . I was just curious 49:17.940 --> 49:20.340 If you could provide more detail on 49:20.350 --> 49:22.294 what steps will be taken here late 49:22.294 --> 49:24.461 summer . You mentioned the first human 49:24.461 --> 49:26.683 trials , and I'm just curious . Are you 49:26.683 --> 49:28.739 gonna have to assemble a new army of 49:28.739 --> 49:31.090 the , you know , vaccine testers of , 49:31.180 --> 49:33.390 you know , humans . We're gonna be 49:33.390 --> 49:35.334 taking this or using that existing 49:35.570 --> 49:37.626 obvious folks you were talking about 49:37.626 --> 49:39.737 earlier the clinical trial networks . 49:39.737 --> 49:41.626 I'm just kind of curious and more 49:41.626 --> 49:43.792 specifics on what you're standing up . 49:43.792 --> 49:46.014 This human trial this late summer would 49:46.014 --> 49:48.014 look like , please . Okay , great . 49:48.014 --> 49:49.681 Thank you . I appreciate that 49:49.681 --> 49:51.903 clarification so I can just tee it up . 49:51.903 --> 49:54.126 But that's really ah question . I think 49:54.126 --> 49:56.240 Dr Michael can answer , but certainly 49:56.450 --> 49:59.080 he's already mentioned the network that 49:59.080 --> 50:01.420 we have in place that can be leveraged . 50:01.510 --> 50:03.732 And certainly that would be part of the 50:03.732 --> 50:07.230 strategy for executing the trials . And 50:07.240 --> 50:10.800 certainly the capacity depends 50:10.800 --> 50:13.510 on the stage of the capacity 50:13.510 --> 50:16.560 requirements . Depends on the stage at 50:16.560 --> 50:19.510 which we're testing . So you're 50:19.510 --> 50:21.343 answering different questions at 50:21.343 --> 50:24.850 different phases of the development of 50:24.850 --> 50:27.270 the vaccine . And so certainly the 50:27.280 --> 50:29.710 earlier stage is gonna be a limited , 50:30.410 --> 50:33.400 limited capacity requirement for 50:33.400 --> 50:35.490 testing initial safety and then 50:35.490 --> 50:38.830 expanding upon that So it's more of a 50:38.840 --> 50:42.790 cut of ah sequential process in terms 50:42.790 --> 50:45.070 of ramping up for that . But we do have 50:45.070 --> 50:47.500 existing platforms in place that will 50:47.500 --> 50:49.833 be leveraged . They were also exploring . 50:49.833 --> 50:51.556 And this is where Nelson could 50:51.556 --> 50:53.778 certainly give you a lot more detail on 50:53.778 --> 50:56.000 this , exploring opportunities where we 50:56.000 --> 50:59.910 can send potentially trained 50:59.910 --> 51:02.100 personnel to fight to facilitate 51:02.700 --> 51:04.867 execution of the child's as well . And 51:04.867 --> 51:06.811 then I'll hand it off to Nelson to 51:06.811 --> 51:10.040 expand on that . Thanks , Wendy . Yeah , 51:10.050 --> 51:12.500 I used that very , very well . The 51:12.690 --> 51:14.746 Modern A trial which is first out of 51:14.746 --> 51:16.801 the gate , is definitely going to be 51:16.801 --> 51:19.390 handled by this new entity called the 51:19.690 --> 51:23.010 Cove . It , um , Project Prevention 51:23.010 --> 51:26.220 Network for C o VPN . 51:27.600 --> 51:29.950 That's important because we're talking 51:29.950 --> 51:32.420 about a trial of probably 30,000 people 51:33.440 --> 51:35.820 during growing 250 to 500 people per 51:35.820 --> 51:37.987 site . You can do the math . This is a 51:37.987 --> 51:41.250 large exercise . We famously did the 51:41.250 --> 51:43.460 only vaccine trial for HIV that showed 51:43.750 --> 51:46.400 a glimmer of efficacy in Thailand . 51:46.550 --> 51:48.890 That was a heavy lift . It was 16,000 51:48.890 --> 51:51.001 people . We had years to get ready to 51:51.001 --> 51:52.946 do it , so I think you can see the 51:52.946 --> 51:54.890 enormity of the logistical efforts 51:54.890 --> 51:57.057 before . But the good news is that you 51:57.057 --> 51:59.279 know , there are a few organizations in 51:59.279 --> 52:01.112 the world that logistics doesn't 52:01.112 --> 52:03.279 doesn't make nervous , and one of them 52:03.279 --> 52:05.446 is the United States Army . So I think 52:05.446 --> 52:07.501 the good news here is that yes , the 52:07.501 --> 52:09.446 existing field armies that now are 52:09.446 --> 52:11.900 called the the Kobe Prevention Network 52:11.900 --> 52:14.067 are gonna be marshalled to jump on the 52:14.067 --> 52:16.233 Madonna and probably the Chad Ox . But 52:16.233 --> 52:19.660 then , as thes trials begin , Teoh 52:20.100 --> 52:22.267 begin to execute the summer rolls on . 52:22.267 --> 52:24.530 They were getting into the third , a 52:24.540 --> 52:26.318 study that will likely start in 52:26.318 --> 52:28.373 September with Johnson . I think the 52:28.373 --> 52:30.373 critical point is that all of these 52:30.373 --> 52:32.151 networks right now all of these 52:32.151 --> 52:34.318 organizations to include ours are very 52:34.318 --> 52:38.270 busy going from a clinical trial site 52:38.270 --> 52:40.548 that might exist in Washington , D . C . 52:40.548 --> 52:42.492 And seeing how we can leverage and 52:42.492 --> 52:44.326 develop new capacities in Prince 52:44.326 --> 52:46.437 George's County if you want to , um , 52:46.437 --> 52:48.659 keep it local here in United States and 52:48.659 --> 52:50.714 in the Washington D . C area . So at 52:50.714 --> 52:52.826 the same time , we're staring at real 52:52.826 --> 52:54.937 time analytics , literally looking at 52:54.937 --> 52:57.470 zip code level data about new cases of 52:57.470 --> 52:59.581 where Kobe is popping up because what 52:59.581 --> 53:01.581 you don't want to do , put all your 53:01.581 --> 53:03.637 troops where there is no no virus to 53:03.637 --> 53:05.637 fight . So if you're gonna do these 53:05.637 --> 53:08.830 efficacy studies , it is important , 53:09.100 --> 53:10.880 Teoh to be able to capture new 53:10.880 --> 53:13.102 infections or otherwise you're gonna be 53:13.290 --> 53:15.520 testing vaccine and thousands and 53:15.530 --> 53:17.752 thousands of people are not getting any 53:17.752 --> 53:20.060 signal . So , um , we need to figure 53:20.060 --> 53:22.560 out we're really to put the the , you 53:22.560 --> 53:25.070 know , these new resource is and , um , 53:25.080 --> 53:27.191 we're meeting literally every day . I 53:27.191 --> 53:29.302 include Saturday and Sunday . There's 53:29.302 --> 53:31.469 no such thing as the weekend anymore . 53:31.469 --> 53:33.358 And these in these efforts we are 53:33.358 --> 53:35.302 looking at how we can leverage the 53:35.302 --> 53:37.302 existing resource . We have in some 53:37.302 --> 53:39.302 cases , do the not so heavy lift of 53:39.302 --> 53:41.358 saying , Well , the Walter Reed Army 53:41.358 --> 53:43.247 Institute of Research or Rid um , 53:43.247 --> 53:45.469 clinical trial capability can reach out 53:45.469 --> 53:47.691 within 30 to 50 miles , developed belts 53:47.691 --> 53:49.858 and new ones with academic groups that 53:49.858 --> 53:51.969 are good but maybe haven't been doing 53:51.969 --> 53:54.024 doing this sort of thing before . We 53:54.024 --> 53:53.700 can get them trained up , and those 53:53.700 --> 53:55.867 sorts of discussions are very active . 53:56.150 --> 53:58.240 Um , the networks were doing exactly 53:58.240 --> 54:00.351 the same thing . We're talking within 54:00.351 --> 54:02.462 the entire defense agency structure . 54:02.462 --> 54:04.629 So the service departments as well d o 54:04.629 --> 54:06.796 d for how this couldn't look as we use 54:06.800 --> 54:08.820 our military treatment facilities , 54:08.830 --> 54:10.950 read hospitals and clinics across the 54:10.950 --> 54:13.540 United States and elsewhere . So um , 54:13.550 --> 54:15.960 you can think of the method . We are 54:15.960 --> 54:18.071 beginning to operationalize it to the 54:18.071 --> 54:20.182 point where some elements of the army 54:20.182 --> 54:22.349 air coming through our clinical trials 54:22.349 --> 54:24.571 center at Walter Reed Army Institute of 54:24.571 --> 54:26.793 Research on Wednesday . And we're gonna 54:26.793 --> 54:29.016 walk them through what it takes to do . 54:29.016 --> 54:31.238 Um , you know , the actual mechanics of 54:31.238 --> 54:33.349 vaccination , and if a street trial , 54:33.349 --> 54:35.460 what's required for follow up because 54:35.460 --> 54:37.460 we're also interested in developing 54:37.460 --> 54:39.460 mobile clinics , this has been done 54:39.460 --> 54:41.460 before is not a novel concept , but 54:41.460 --> 54:43.571 again , logistics is not frightened . 54:43.571 --> 54:45.627 The United States arming our general 54:45.627 --> 54:47.460 those on this call is actually a 54:47.460 --> 54:49.460 medical logistician . So , um , you 54:49.460 --> 54:51.571 know , we're comforted in the fact we 54:51.571 --> 54:53.571 have some very , very senior people 54:53.571 --> 54:55.738 that is in their blood . So I can tell 54:55.738 --> 54:58.300 you that as time goes on , we're going 54:58.300 --> 55:00.244 to overwhelm the networks with the 55:00.244 --> 55:02.411 first few trials . But I like the time 55:02.411 --> 55:04.633 we get into the third and fourth . Um , 55:04.633 --> 55:06.689 the networks and working with us and 55:06.689 --> 55:08.856 other groups are already building that 55:08.856 --> 55:10.856 capacity to be able to absorb these 55:10.856 --> 55:13.510 additional trials , And the good news 55:13.510 --> 55:15.677 about that is that this is going to be 55:15.677 --> 55:18.900 able to work into areas where we 55:18.900 --> 55:21.011 haven't traditionally worked before . 55:21.011 --> 55:23.011 And that's important because if you 55:23.011 --> 55:25.178 look at trial networks , that air used 55:25.178 --> 55:27.289 to working in populations at risk for 55:27.289 --> 55:29.344 HIV , that the different part of our 55:29.344 --> 55:31.930 national dialogue than individual 55:31.930 --> 55:34.240 veteran risk for Covad and so therefore 55:34.240 --> 55:36.540 getting out to these communities and 55:36.540 --> 55:38.873 doing what we call community engagement . 55:38.873 --> 55:41.040 And it's not something that , um , you 55:41.040 --> 55:43.096 know , sciences sometimes talk about 55:43.096 --> 55:45.207 first , but we really should . How do 55:45.207 --> 55:47.373 you How do you convince community that 55:47.373 --> 55:49.540 this is a new important thing for them 55:49.540 --> 55:48.800 to get involved in ? How can you 55:49.160 --> 55:51.382 convince him ? At the same time , we're 55:51.382 --> 55:53.493 talking about speed , that we're also 55:53.493 --> 55:55.493 talking about safety . And so doing 55:55.493 --> 55:57.493 this in a negative fashion gives us 55:57.493 --> 55:59.271 time to develop those important 55:59.271 --> 56:01.327 committee engagements and to get the 56:01.327 --> 56:03.382 right kind of community advocates on 56:03.382 --> 56:05.493 board and to make sure that , um , we 56:05.493 --> 56:05.450 don't say we're doing the right thing . 56:05.450 --> 56:07.506 But the community believe that we're 56:07.506 --> 56:09.810 doing the right thing . So again , it's 56:09.810 --> 56:11.810 a long answer . But I will tell you 56:11.810 --> 56:13.810 that we're going to start just like 56:13.810 --> 56:13.680 World War two . We'll start with that . 56:14.130 --> 56:16.019 A small number of people in their 56:16.019 --> 56:18.130 standing armies and we will grow them 56:18.130 --> 56:21.450 as the mission over . Thank you . 56:23.030 --> 56:26.040 Okay . Uh , were the media activity 56:32.520 --> 56:34.860 okay ? Anyone I missed , I went through 56:34.860 --> 56:36.916 the list , so we might have happened 56:36.916 --> 56:39.820 late . Sorry , Mr Vocal earlier . 56:40.870 --> 56:44.610 CNBC society . I have a 56:44.620 --> 56:48.170 family . Be your turn . I I was just 56:48.170 --> 56:50.281 wondering if you guys could give me a 56:50.281 --> 56:52.392 little bit of what kind of piggy bank 56:52.392 --> 56:54.614 you're sort of working with in terms of 56:54.614 --> 56:56.726 finances . You have all the financial 56:56.726 --> 56:58.837 resources that you need right now for 56:58.837 --> 56:58.730 your research . Do you envision 56:58.940 --> 57:01.051 potentially needing more as your work 57:01.051 --> 57:03.210 continues ? And as a secondary follow 57:03.210 --> 57:05.840 up question , I'm wondering if at all , 57:06.130 --> 57:08.186 do you feel that your work is in any 57:08.186 --> 57:10.180 way in jeopardy from intellectual 57:10.180 --> 57:13.610 property theft as nations air rushing 57:13.610 --> 57:15.970 to develop a vaccine ? Since this is a 57:15.980 --> 57:19.850 global pandemic , I didn't think 57:19.850 --> 57:23.260 that one now Gemmell tally . So with 57:23.340 --> 57:26.860 respect , the resources we are in good 57:26.860 --> 57:29.460 shape for resource is and certainly we 57:29.460 --> 57:32.720 have been able to benefit from 57:32.720 --> 57:35.780 supplemental funding . Cares act along 57:35.780 --> 57:38.070 with money . Certainly that is 57:38.070 --> 57:40.670 apportioned through the d . O . D . Our 57:40.670 --> 57:42.920 laboratories . And we've been very 57:42.920 --> 57:45.087 careful with spin plans . I could take 57:45.087 --> 57:47.890 Colonel Sanders Jackson going back , 57:47.890 --> 57:50.390 Teoh January with first 57:51.600 --> 57:53.930 full of if you will or apportionment of 57:53.940 --> 57:56.720 funding , uh , works in pretty long 57:56.720 --> 57:59.330 hours early on to make sure that we be 57:59.330 --> 58:01.386 able to track it , trade it and show 58:01.386 --> 58:04.390 deliverables for each dollar . But were 58:04.390 --> 58:06.446 asked that question . Often we greet 58:06.446 --> 58:08.612 our secretary of the army and chief of 58:08.612 --> 58:10.779 staff of the Army . You that typically 58:10.779 --> 58:13.560 the first question asked . So right now , 58:14.060 --> 58:16.620 absolutely great change . And with this 58:16.630 --> 58:18.860 whole of government effort , it's not 58:18.860 --> 58:22.300 only shared intellectual capacity and 58:22.300 --> 58:25.360 expertise , but is it is shared 58:25.360 --> 58:27.860 resources . So we're we're in good 58:27.860 --> 58:29.804 shape for this whole of government 58:29.804 --> 58:31.860 effort . We respect the intellectual 58:31.860 --> 58:35.780 property , um , again , not 58:35.790 --> 58:38.350 not concerned about that we haven't 58:38.360 --> 58:42.060 invented certainly Directorate within 58:42.060 --> 58:45.670 him are D . C . That ensures that 58:45.680 --> 58:49.550 intellectual property is protected came 58:49.550 --> 58:51.920 on Jarred mentioned that patented edge 58:52.190 --> 58:55.090 developed a few years back , which is 58:55.100 --> 58:57.156 being applied toward this particular 58:57.156 --> 59:00.760 vaccine . So right now , no concerns 59:00.760 --> 59:03.100 with either one of those as we go 59:03.110 --> 59:05.054 forward certainly will continue to 59:05.054 --> 59:07.180 watch it and keep all updated . Thank 59:07.180 --> 59:09.540 you for the question . And would that 59:09.550 --> 59:11.606 be in the millions or the billions ? 59:11.606 --> 59:13.328 Would you say just in terms of 59:13.328 --> 59:15.494 financing that you guys have available 59:15.494 --> 59:19.000 to you . I don't see for the with the 59:19.010 --> 59:21.010 publicized for the whole works feet 59:21.010 --> 59:23.510 effort in a well publicized , 59:24.610 --> 59:27.310 uh , what , what's been funded ? What 59:27.310 --> 59:29.870 has were sharing ? Certainly with the 59:29.870 --> 59:32.530 entire resource pope for portfolio , 59:32.890 --> 59:36.100 which is which is certainly well into 59:36.130 --> 59:38.330 into the billions for the entire 59:38.720 --> 59:41.140 operation . Warp speed in whole of 59:41.150 --> 59:43.190 government effort . Thank you . 59:46.630 --> 59:48.519 John Harper with National Defence 59:48.519 --> 59:52.090 magazine . Okay , But I was 59:52.100 --> 59:54.370 wondering , you know , what lessons 59:54.380 --> 59:56.910 have you learned from this current 59:56.910 --> 59:59.790 crisis That you think you might apply , 59:59.800 --> 01:00:02.620 You know , to future pandemics . Uh , 01:00:02.630 --> 01:00:04.930 you know , our future outbreaks . And , 01:00:05.190 --> 01:00:07.301 you know , is there anything that you 01:00:07.301 --> 01:00:09.301 don't have currently that you would 01:00:09.301 --> 01:00:12.710 like toa have to deal with viruses ? Um , 01:00:12.750 --> 01:00:16.570 in the future gentle tally , 01:00:16.580 --> 01:00:18.880 I'm gonna start off . It did pass it 01:00:18.880 --> 01:00:21.200 around to these the's great scientists 01:00:21.200 --> 01:00:23.800 on the line . Uh , for then , it's not 01:00:23.810 --> 01:00:25.921 their first rodeo . Part of the fun , 01:00:26.390 --> 01:00:30.050 but what I what ? I see the way 01:00:30.060 --> 01:00:32.520 the whole of government efforts fun up . 01:00:33.110 --> 01:00:35.770 We've been battling the Corona virus 01:00:36.380 --> 01:00:40.290 since January and really 01:00:40.300 --> 01:00:43.020 were beginning to organize ourselves , 01:00:43.610 --> 01:00:47.520 um , in a fashion that truly is going , 01:00:47.520 --> 01:00:50.540 Teoh expedite and leverage all the 01:00:50.550 --> 01:00:52.661 resources that we can bring to bear . 01:00:53.210 --> 01:00:56.780 So I think we have to ask yourself how 01:00:56.790 --> 01:00:59.130 you sustain this . I don't think this 01:00:59.130 --> 01:01:01.130 is gonna be the last pandemic , and 01:01:01.130 --> 01:01:03.990 certainly as you look at the way , uh , 01:01:04.000 --> 01:01:06.430 this type of pandemic come into play , 01:01:06.910 --> 01:01:08.860 I think the Doctor jar who made 01:01:08.870 --> 01:01:11.030 reference to the fact that we went 01:01:11.040 --> 01:01:13.860 years without a pandemic this was being 01:01:13.860 --> 01:01:17.050 compared to the Spanish flu of about 01:01:17.060 --> 01:01:20.850 1918 . Yet in the last 20 01:01:20.860 --> 01:01:23.780 years , this is not our first Corona 01:01:23.780 --> 01:01:27.190 virus or type of vaccine or type of I 01:01:27.200 --> 01:01:29.200 have disease outbreak we had a deal 01:01:29.200 --> 01:01:32.650 with . So I think the lesson that we 01:01:32.650 --> 01:01:35.150 have to take on is how we mobilize this 01:01:35.150 --> 01:01:38.340 quickly , how we maintain and sustain 01:01:38.910 --> 01:01:40.950 the type of apparatus that could 01:01:40.950 --> 01:01:44.530 respond this quickly . So I don't think 01:01:44.530 --> 01:01:47.790 this will be the last time , but I do 01:01:47.790 --> 01:01:49.790 believe that we're gonna have to be 01:01:49.860 --> 01:01:53.760 just as effective , inefficient to be 01:01:53.760 --> 01:01:55.927 able to spin up immobilized as quickly 01:01:55.927 --> 01:01:58.093 as we can . That has to be sustained . 01:01:58.310 --> 01:02:01.280 Somebody going t rare and let you hear 01:02:01.290 --> 01:02:03.290 from the folks that have been doing 01:02:03.290 --> 01:02:06.550 this for a long time . All right ? Jim 01:02:06.700 --> 01:02:08.922 Nelson . Michael , I really want to set 01:02:08.922 --> 01:02:10.978 up Cave on for this . I think you'll 01:02:10.978 --> 01:02:13.780 see . Why , When we did our response to 01:02:13.780 --> 01:02:16.130 Zika , we went literally from 01:02:16.140 --> 01:02:18.390 conception of making a vaccine . First 01:02:18.390 --> 01:02:21.190 injection in humans with two papers , 01:02:21.200 --> 01:02:22.922 one in science , one in nature 01:02:22.922 --> 01:02:24.978 describing out the vaccine worked in 01:02:24.978 --> 01:02:27.330 mice and then , um , nonhuman primates . 01:02:27.690 --> 01:02:29.912 We did that nine months . It was a land 01:02:29.912 --> 01:02:32.370 speed record . Um , my commander , at 01:02:32.370 --> 01:02:34.703 that time I was still wearing a uniform . 01:02:34.703 --> 01:02:36.759 She asked me , How did you do that ? 01:02:36.759 --> 01:02:38.814 Because you're in a chivi researcher 01:02:38.814 --> 01:02:40.981 and most of the of the foot people you 01:02:40.981 --> 01:02:43.203 worked with HIV people . How did you do 01:02:43.203 --> 01:02:45.203 that ? What ? Do you do it based on 01:02:45.203 --> 01:02:47.426 structure ? Or did you do it days on on 01:02:47.426 --> 01:02:49.990 bluster ? Actually , Well , I'll be 01:02:49.990 --> 01:02:52.046 honest with you is I did it a lot of 01:02:52.046 --> 01:02:54.268 bluster and we didn't really We weren't 01:02:54.268 --> 01:02:56.323 set up for that . And she said , you 01:02:56.323 --> 01:02:58.268 know what ? The army way notes and 01:02:58.268 --> 01:03:00.434 you're gonna have to rethink this . So 01:03:00.434 --> 01:03:02.657 under her direction , she's now General 01:03:02.657 --> 01:03:04.934 Tallies Chief of Staff Colonel Whitmer . 01:03:04.934 --> 01:03:07.730 We set up the emerging infections is do 01:03:07.730 --> 01:03:09.786 these brands . We set up a brand new 01:03:09.786 --> 01:03:11.952 unit within the Walter Reed Army is to 01:03:11.952 --> 01:03:13.841 the research that was going to be 01:03:13.841 --> 01:03:16.360 designed to do just this . And I had at 01:03:16.360 --> 01:03:18.416 least a foresight of recruiting of a 01:03:18.420 --> 01:03:21.230 brilliant MD PhD research and then keep 01:03:21.230 --> 01:03:24.340 on the majority from the national Dr 01:03:24.340 --> 01:03:27.430 Vouches to you . And unlike me , Cavon 01:03:27.430 --> 01:03:29.770 is actually a an expert in respiratory 01:03:29.770 --> 01:03:32.020 viruses , especially Corona viruses . 01:03:32.500 --> 01:03:34.611 So we did predicted this was going to 01:03:34.611 --> 01:03:37.720 happen . Cavon let me use a fly that is 01:03:37.720 --> 01:03:39.776 in Korea in September of last year , 01:03:39.776 --> 01:03:41.887 which basically showed stars and then 01:03:41.887 --> 01:03:43.998 merge and then showed a next question 01:03:43.998 --> 01:03:45.998 market When the next one's going to 01:03:45.998 --> 01:03:48.053 calm . I don't think that we knew is 01:03:48.053 --> 01:03:50.276 gonna be just a few months later . So , 01:03:50.276 --> 01:03:52.220 um , as a consequence of this , we 01:03:52.220 --> 01:03:54.442 really began to reposition ourselves to 01:03:54.442 --> 01:03:56.553 be able to absorb these new realities 01:03:56.553 --> 01:03:58.840 and living like cave on , describe what 01:03:59.120 --> 01:04:01.231 I think his advantage would be . What 01:04:01.231 --> 01:04:03.000 we do from now on over 01:04:04.790 --> 01:04:08.400 Thanks , Dr Michael , for the kind 01:04:08.400 --> 01:04:12.280 words as well . So those of 01:04:12.280 --> 01:04:14.780 us in this in this space infectious 01:04:14.790 --> 01:04:17.068 diseases , emerging infectious leaders , 01:04:17.390 --> 01:04:20.210 we're not Oracle's . We just No , that , 01:04:20.760 --> 01:04:23.040 um what we've seen before , we're 01:04:23.040 --> 01:04:26.500 likely to see again . And that's been 01:04:26.500 --> 01:04:28.778 the case , not just for Corona viruses . 01:04:29.020 --> 01:04:31.290 You know , this is 1/5 Corona virus in 01:04:31.290 --> 01:04:33.310 the past two decades that has been 01:04:33.310 --> 01:04:35.980 identified in human populations , 01:04:35.980 --> 01:04:38.240 whereas since carnivorous is or human 01:04:38.240 --> 01:04:40.740 cargo glasses were discovered in the 01:04:41.380 --> 01:04:43.410 mid sixties , there only to Corona 01:04:43.410 --> 01:04:46.030 viruses in that period of time , there 01:04:46.030 --> 01:04:48.280 have been several close the half a 01:04:48.290 --> 01:04:50.568 dozen public health emergency declared . 01:04:51.220 --> 01:04:54.090 That mechanism was established after 01:04:54.090 --> 01:04:58.020 stars . And , um , it just 01:04:58.130 --> 01:05:00.850 shows that we are 01:05:02.860 --> 01:05:06.510 accelerating in terms of coming in 01:05:06.510 --> 01:05:09.710 contact with these pathogens . And , 01:05:10.090 --> 01:05:12.201 uh , there are a lot of hypotheses as 01:05:12.201 --> 01:05:14.220 to why that is for much more hyper 01:05:14.220 --> 01:05:16.442 connected than we were before . We have 01:05:16.442 --> 01:05:18.480 a lot greater interface with animal 01:05:18.480 --> 01:05:21.270 populations , and we had before , So 01:05:21.270 --> 01:05:23.600 there's a lot of spillover from animal 01:05:23.600 --> 01:05:25.510 populations since the humans of 01:05:25.520 --> 01:05:27.242 pathogens that we may not have 01:05:27.242 --> 01:05:30.660 encountered previously . But if you 01:05:30.660 --> 01:05:34.070 look at , um , the example of what Dr 01:05:34.070 --> 01:05:36.820 Michael Days about the Zika virus in a 01:05:36.830 --> 01:05:39.040 zika vaccine , he went on a 01:05:39.050 --> 01:05:42.580 unprecedented timeline . Then , um , as 01:05:42.590 --> 01:05:45.990 did others of the night and some other 01:05:45.990 --> 01:05:48.680 companies in terms of getting from a 01:05:48.680 --> 01:05:50.736 concept to a clinical trial for Zika 01:05:50.736 --> 01:05:52.750 Vaccine , which were beating those 01:05:52.750 --> 01:05:56.400 records now . But even with that 01:05:56.410 --> 01:05:58.610 pace , we all started our vaccine 01:05:58.610 --> 01:06:02.430 programs every 2016 when we looked 01:06:02.470 --> 01:06:06.250 back at the epidemic curve 01:06:06.260 --> 01:06:08.450 of the , uh , a year later , two years 01:06:08.460 --> 01:06:11.840 later , the peak occurred in February 01:06:11.840 --> 01:06:15.410 of 2016 so we were literally behind the 01:06:15.420 --> 01:06:18.600 curve , even when we were going as fast 01:06:18.600 --> 01:06:22.100 as possible . So the only way to really 01:06:22.450 --> 01:06:26.170 respond these outbreaks to be in a 01:06:26.170 --> 01:06:28.660 posture where we don't have to respond . 01:06:28.670 --> 01:06:31.650 We've already prepared for anticipated 01:06:31.800 --> 01:06:34.080 and develop the countermeasures for 01:06:34.080 --> 01:06:36.610 that pathogen beforehand , and you 01:06:36.610 --> 01:06:39.290 might think that's impossible to dio . 01:06:39.630 --> 01:06:41.650 It's not . We actually have the 01:06:41.660 --> 01:06:44.610 technologies and tools now where we can 01:06:44.620 --> 01:06:46.342 do those sorts of things . The 01:06:46.342 --> 01:06:48.231 universal vaccine approach that I 01:06:48.231 --> 01:06:50.398 described for Art Vaccine Candidate is 01:06:50.398 --> 01:06:54.240 just one example and a whole 01:06:54.580 --> 01:06:57.890 array of technologies that we have in 01:06:57.890 --> 01:07:00.112 terms of diagnostics , therapeutics and 01:07:00.112 --> 01:07:04.110 vaccines . To be able to anticipates 01:07:04.120 --> 01:07:06.820 what is essentially just a handful of 01:07:06.830 --> 01:07:10.010 families of virus Corona viruses play 01:07:10.010 --> 01:07:12.490 the virus is probably that we know 01:07:13.580 --> 01:07:16.200 generally what's coming in terms of the 01:07:16.200 --> 01:07:18.990 family of viruses we have the tools to 01:07:18.990 --> 01:07:20.990 be able to anticipate . It's just a 01:07:20.990 --> 01:07:23.960 matter of changing our posture from one 01:07:23.960 --> 01:07:26.620 of prevent from one of response towards 01:07:26.620 --> 01:07:30.320 prevention over they 01:07:30.330 --> 01:07:33.730 think C'mon , Gemmell tally . And this 01:07:33.740 --> 01:07:36.950 is a great question to conclude with , 01:07:36.960 --> 01:07:40.290 I'd like to go toe Dr John Die again . 01:07:40.290 --> 01:07:42.190 I think the question was really 01:07:42.200 --> 01:07:44.560 centered on lessons learned . Certainly , 01:07:44.560 --> 01:07:47.050 as we go forward , it will close . 01:07:47.060 --> 01:07:49.150 Finally , with the Colonel Windy Sam 01:07:49.160 --> 01:07:52.450 Jackson on this will be her , you know , 01:07:52.450 --> 01:07:56.090 her last time uniform and this thing 01:07:56.120 --> 01:07:59.660 particular form . So Dr Di over you and 01:07:59.660 --> 01:08:02.630 then app will close with Colonel Windy 01:08:02.640 --> 01:08:05.910 salmon . Thank you , sir . Uh , so I'd 01:08:05.910 --> 01:08:08.240 like to follow along with the last few 01:08:08.250 --> 01:08:11.780 items that cavon mentioned , Which 01:08:12.300 --> 01:08:15.990 is that the only way that the 01:08:16.000 --> 01:08:18.840 world is going to be prepared for the 01:08:18.840 --> 01:08:22.050 next coming outbreak eyes going to be 01:08:22.050 --> 01:08:24.520 global communication as well as the 01:08:24.520 --> 01:08:28.090 Global Response Network ? And I think 01:08:28.550 --> 01:08:31.700 if you institute those capabilities 01:08:32.560 --> 01:08:35.390 that allow the rapid response and scale 01:08:35.390 --> 01:08:37.600 up of medical countermeasure , whether 01:08:37.600 --> 01:08:40.260 it's vaccine or therapeutic and cavon 01:08:40.260 --> 01:08:43.380 is 100% correct , there's a handful of 01:08:43.380 --> 01:08:45.602 viruses that were identified by the W . 01:08:45.602 --> 01:08:48.590 H O in 2014 after the Ebola virus 01:08:48.590 --> 01:08:51.360 outbreak . Basically a top 10 list of 01:08:51.360 --> 01:08:54.090 the most likely to develop pandemics , 01:08:54.570 --> 01:08:56.570 and there's really only five or six 01:08:56.570 --> 01:08:59.170 viral families . And if you do start to 01:08:59.170 --> 01:09:01.410 develop capabilities against those 01:09:01.470 --> 01:09:04.140 viral families that can then be 01:09:04.140 --> 01:09:08.100 juxtaposed against those new variants 01:09:08.110 --> 01:09:10.510 that come out , you then have that 01:09:10.520 --> 01:09:13.780 capability . So it's a matter of global 01:09:14.150 --> 01:09:17.450 communications and global , uh , global 01:09:17.460 --> 01:09:19.900 rapid response . And I think that's 01:09:19.900 --> 01:09:23.200 what I hope we learn as a country and 01:09:23.200 --> 01:09:26.090 as a world that we all need to work 01:09:26.090 --> 01:09:29.850 together to try to come up with a 01:09:29.850 --> 01:09:31.906 plan that will be better prepared in 01:09:31.906 --> 01:09:33.000 the future , over 01:09:38.090 --> 01:09:40.620 okay , things like anal sex . So I 01:09:40.630 --> 01:09:42.741 appreciate it . And this is something 01:09:42.741 --> 01:09:44.686 that certainly we've been thinking 01:09:44.686 --> 01:09:46.950 about for some time , certainly since , 01:09:46.960 --> 01:09:50.290 uh , that gullible outbreak in a number 01:09:50.290 --> 01:09:52.850 of us on the line were engaged in 01:09:52.850 --> 01:09:54.961 working together during that . And so 01:09:54.961 --> 01:09:57.470 there's lots of lessons learned . Aziz . 01:09:57.480 --> 01:09:59.424 We have progressed through each of 01:09:59.424 --> 01:10:02.830 these different scenarios over time and 01:10:02.910 --> 01:10:06.090 two points . I wanted to make that that 01:10:06.090 --> 01:10:08.257 we have made deliberate attempt to try 01:10:08.257 --> 01:10:11.740 to better prepare , reduce our 01:10:11.740 --> 01:10:15.670 response time . Um and , um in these 01:10:15.680 --> 01:10:17.810 types of situations , and one is what 01:10:17.810 --> 01:10:21.050 we certainly recognized , um is that 01:10:21.060 --> 01:10:24.920 then we desperately needed a structure 01:10:24.920 --> 01:10:27.530 in place to coordinate , communicate 01:10:27.530 --> 01:10:29.197 across you deign across U . S 01:10:29.197 --> 01:10:32.040 government . Um , and that's probably 01:10:32.040 --> 01:10:34.130 easier said than done . And but it's 01:10:34.140 --> 01:10:36.196 critically important to increase the 01:10:36.196 --> 01:10:40.080 efficiency of effort . If we're able 01:10:40.080 --> 01:10:43.850 to share information , develop a common 01:10:43.860 --> 01:10:47.330 strategy , um , and coordinate the 01:10:47.330 --> 01:10:49.710 efforts along the same lines of effort 01:10:50.020 --> 01:10:52.720 along , you know , a strategic plan 01:10:52.720 --> 01:10:54.887 perspective . That would be , uh , the 01:10:54.887 --> 01:10:57.053 really beneficial to the response that 01:10:57.053 --> 01:10:59.053 we've learned each time . From that 01:10:59.053 --> 01:11:01.230 You're seeing that and in action right 01:11:01.230 --> 01:11:03.230 now with Operation Warp Speed , for 01:11:03.230 --> 01:11:05.830 example . The second point is from a 01:11:05.830 --> 01:11:08.130 programmatic perspective , which is the 01:11:08.140 --> 01:11:11.100 space that I operate in . We recognize 01:11:11.110 --> 01:11:13.930 we have some challenges with our 01:11:13.930 --> 01:11:17.700 ability to rapidly respond in terms of 01:11:17.710 --> 01:11:21.070 shifting our investments and resource 01:11:21.070 --> 01:11:24.350 is . And so we did along the same lines 01:11:24.350 --> 01:11:27.100 of what rare did is we created from a 01:11:27.100 --> 01:11:29.190 program perspective and emerging 01:11:29.190 --> 01:11:32.340 infectious diseases program area that 01:11:32.340 --> 01:11:34.980 would enable us to have the ability to 01:11:34.990 --> 01:11:38.090 rapidly shift resources towards that 01:11:38.100 --> 01:11:41.290 priority effort where we've had 01:11:41.300 --> 01:11:43.300 historically , our program has been 01:11:43.300 --> 01:11:47.010 very pathogens specific 01:11:47.020 --> 01:11:49.242 focused , and that does not leave a lot 01:11:49.242 --> 01:11:51.820 of flexibility when you need to pivot 01:11:52.080 --> 01:11:54.191 and change direction quickly . And so 01:11:54.191 --> 01:11:57.310 we've created that which has really 01:11:57.310 --> 01:11:59.780 paid dividends , certainly with this 01:12:00.290 --> 01:12:04.000 outbreak . In addition , we've also 01:12:04.850 --> 01:12:08.590 have taken a deliberate approach to to 01:12:08.590 --> 01:12:12.070 invest in technologies that 01:12:12.540 --> 01:12:15.130 are more broadly applicable either 01:12:15.130 --> 01:12:17.110 across a family of viruses 01:12:18.650 --> 01:12:22.520 broad , for example , broad 01:12:22.860 --> 01:12:26.310 antivirals , Um , and certainly along 01:12:26.320 --> 01:12:30.150 the same lines of Dr Majoras point to a 01:12:30.150 --> 01:12:33.280 Pan Corona virus vaccine . And so our 01:12:33.280 --> 01:12:36.440 portfolio has been increasing in that 01:12:36.490 --> 01:12:38.900 face . And so we're looking at 01:12:38.900 --> 01:12:42.380 technologies that we can invest in , Um , 01:12:42.390 --> 01:12:46.370 that can be rapidly applied 01:12:46.380 --> 01:12:49.850 to whatever emerging emerging 01:12:49.850 --> 01:12:53.360 pathogen that we need Teoh address on . 01:12:53.380 --> 01:12:55.290 So that is our from a program 01:12:55.290 --> 01:12:58.380 perspective from a coordination 01:12:58.670 --> 01:13:00.726 perspective across the discover me . 01:13:00.726 --> 01:13:03.200 Those are the two areas that I 01:13:03.210 --> 01:13:05.321 definitely we've learned lessons . We 01:13:05.321 --> 01:13:06.988 have shifted , and I think we 01:13:06.988 --> 01:13:09.450 definitely are better prepared and will 01:13:09.450 --> 01:13:11.890 continue to follow along that line to 01:13:11.890 --> 01:13:13.890 ensure that we are prepared for the 01:13:13.890 --> 01:13:16.110 next outbreak that we may be facing . 01:13:17.540 --> 01:13:19.373 Okay . Thank you . Thank you for 01:13:19.373 --> 01:13:21.373 everyone for calling in . We really 01:13:21.373 --> 01:13:23.540 appreciate it . We're out of time . We 01:13:23.540 --> 01:13:25.596 know you have additional questions . 01:13:25.596 --> 01:13:27.540 Feel free to email me . I'm Laurie 01:13:27.540 --> 01:13:27.490 Talbot . Forums on the email that will 01:13:27.500 --> 01:13:30.000 start out . Invite everyone . We also 01:13:30.010 --> 01:13:32.200 have the role and photos available at 01:13:32.210 --> 01:13:35.070 Did it , huh ? Dot Net Last unit left 01:13:35.950 --> 01:13:38.490 D . C . You'll briefly email me and 01:13:38.580 --> 01:13:40.524 Logan ship everything you need for 01:13:40.524 --> 01:13:42.469 today . Thank you so much . Have a 01:13:42.469 --> 01:13:43.300 great day . Thank you .