WEBVTT 00:00.700 --> 00:01.533 - Good morning. 00:01.533 --> 00:03.000 My name is Mr. Stores, I'll be your primary 00:03.000 --> 00:05.300 instructor for Eddy current inspection method. 00:06.910 --> 00:11.240 I've been a aircraft powertrain repairer for many years. 00:11.240 --> 00:14.070 I spent 24 years in the Army doing just that. 00:14.070 --> 00:16.540 I've held every position the Army has 00:16.540 --> 00:21.540 as far as Mechanic, Shop Chief, Recruiter, 00:21.780 --> 00:24.640 Platoon Sargent, Production Control NCO, 00:24.640 --> 00:29.160 and retired first Sargent in 2010. 00:29.160 --> 00:30.610 2011 I came here 00:31.490 --> 00:34.330 as a UA60 instructor 00:34.330 --> 00:38.180 and I was hired also in 2012 as a 00:38.180 --> 00:41.930 primary non-destructive inspection instructor. 00:41.930 --> 00:43.770 I have a Bachelor's degree, Associates, 00:43.770 --> 00:45.781 airfare and power plant license, and a 00:45.781 --> 00:48.283 private pilot's license. 00:51.770 --> 00:53.890 As an aircraft powertrain repairer, you will be 00:53.890 --> 00:56.450 responsible for performing all non destructive inspection 00:56.450 --> 00:58.960 procedures performed on aircraft in your unit. 00:58.960 --> 01:00.670 Therefore, it is important that you have a 01:00.670 --> 01:02.770 working knowledge of the equipment procedure safety 01:02.770 --> 01:05.650 consideration that must be strictly adhered to and 01:05.650 --> 01:07.980 enforced in support of the units' mission. 01:07.980 --> 01:10.010 Your terminal learning objective, 01:10.010 --> 01:12.320 action, perform any current inspections on 01:12.320 --> 01:13.950 aircraft components. 01:13.950 --> 01:16.590 Conditions; in a classroom or shop environment, 01:16.590 --> 01:18.940 given a computer practical exercise aircraft 01:18.940 --> 01:21.150 components, parts, Eddy current equipment, 01:21.150 --> 01:24.530 TC9-60 TM1-1500-335-23 01:26.261 --> 01:27.111 and TM1-15366-23. 01:30.710 --> 01:34.250 The standards; perform Eddy current inspections 01:34.250 --> 01:36.210 of aircraft components in accordance with, 01:36.210 --> 01:40.590 TC9-60TM11533523, 01:40.590 --> 01:43.910 TM11536623 by 01:43.910 --> 01:47.423 identify Eddy current inspection equipment 01:47.423 --> 01:51.580 Perform Eddy current process control procedures 01:51.580 --> 01:54.260 perform Eddy current inspection procedures, 01:54.260 --> 01:58.270 perform Eddy current inspection safety, 01:58.270 --> 02:01.153 complete the PE within the stated requirements. 02:02.220 --> 02:03.800 Your safety requirements: 02:03.800 --> 02:06.240 comply with all TM's, TB is warned as caution 02:06.240 --> 02:08.880 notes applicable AR's 128th aviation brigade 02:08.880 --> 02:10.660 tradeoff safety polish procedures. 02:10.660 --> 02:13.580 Shop safety practices risk assessment control measures 02:13.580 --> 02:16.120 to avoid injury remove watches, rings and other objects 02:16.120 --> 02:17.760 from the hands, around neck before the 02:17.760 --> 02:20.560 start of a practical exercise. 02:20.560 --> 02:24.003 Risk assessment level is low in the classroom. 02:25.010 --> 02:27.140 We do have a lot of chords here, 02:27.140 --> 02:30.940 watch for electrical shock, entanglement of cables 02:32.550 --> 02:34.230 take care not to drop your equipment, 02:34.230 --> 02:36.113 these test sets were very expensive. 02:37.709 --> 02:42.709 And the risk assessment in the hanger is also low. 02:43.370 --> 02:46.550 Contact the hazmat, we really do not use hazmat here 02:46.550 --> 02:48.050 in the... Eddy current course. 02:49.225 --> 02:52.142 You don't have to worry about that. 02:53.960 --> 02:55.590 It is the responsibility of all soldiers 02:55.590 --> 02:58.140 to protect the environment from damage. 02:58.140 --> 03:00.300 Use the proper sealant for containment, leakage, 03:00.300 --> 03:02.530 recoverages, disposal storage of hazardous materials 03:02.530 --> 03:03.790 used during this lesson. 03:03.790 --> 03:05.250 Ensure the soldiers read and comply with the 03:05.250 --> 03:06.730 SDS before using material. 03:06.730 --> 03:09.457 We have no hazmat used in Eddy current inspection 03:09.457 --> 03:12.057 method so you don't have to really worry about that. 03:13.690 --> 03:15.690 This lesson also reinforces the following 03:15.690 --> 03:19.000 soldier competencies: teamwork and collaboration, 03:19.000 --> 03:21.550 Communication and engagement, critical thinking 03:21.550 --> 03:25.670 and problem solving, tactical and technical competence. 03:25.670 --> 03:28.580 Let's talk about tactical and technical competence. 03:28.580 --> 03:31.410 We will apply knowledge discussed during this class 03:31.410 --> 03:33.660 to evaluate falls to determine if they meet 03:33.660 --> 03:38.050 the standards and criteria determined by the task assigned. 03:38.050 --> 03:39.563 What does that mean to you? 03:47.370 --> 03:48.373 Drawing a blank huh? 03:49.550 --> 03:52.233 Tactical and technical competence. 03:56.290 --> 03:59.570 In aviation... yes specialist Pafford. 03:59.570 --> 04:02.010 - [Student] Basically, making us comfortable 04:02.010 --> 04:05.187 with the equipment and comfortable with 04:05.187 --> 04:07.680 our knowledge of knowing how to use it? 04:07.680 --> 04:08.760 - That's exactly right. 04:08.760 --> 04:10.100 That's why we need to spend a lot 04:10.100 --> 04:11.820 of time with these test sets. 04:11.820 --> 04:14.520 Eddy current is probably the number one used 04:14.520 --> 04:17.050 non destructive inspection method out in the Army 04:17.050 --> 04:19.660 field, Army aviation right now. 04:19.660 --> 04:22.950 So you need to get very good at knowing where 04:22.950 --> 04:25.280 things are on that test set and how to use em. 04:25.280 --> 04:27.180 That's good answer specialist Pafford. 04:29.460 --> 04:32.880 Your individual student assessment plan or ISAP 04:32.880 --> 04:35.710 is located in the powertrain main hanger 04:35.710 --> 04:38.523 hallway across from the Platoon Sargent office. 04:41.230 --> 04:44.780 Your test 15 delta 10 echo zero eight starts with 04:44.780 --> 04:46.460 a hands on test on 04:48.224 --> 04:51.520 on the 20... nope well we'll do the 04:51.520 --> 04:54.720 written test on the 21st, which is just before 04:54.720 --> 04:57.620 the four day weekend, consists of 40 multiple 04:57.620 --> 05:01.790 guess questions test and the 26th is a 05:01.790 --> 05:04.840 hands on test, which is all day, on the 26th 05:04.840 --> 05:06.720 the day you come back after the four day, 05:06.720 --> 05:07.820 sorry about your luck. 05:08.960 --> 05:11.130 That hands on test will be here in the classroom, 05:11.130 --> 05:14.384 it will consist of two hands on stations. 05:14.384 --> 05:16.960 Some of the components that you're gonna do 05:16.960 --> 05:18.733 practical exercises on in here. 05:22.040 --> 05:24.500 Learning step activity one: identify Eddy current 05:24.500 --> 05:25.563 inspection methods. 05:26.750 --> 05:31.070 You should all be in TM115335-23, 05:31.070 --> 05:32.953 chapter four, 05:33.920 --> 05:35.243 page 4-1. 05:36.420 --> 05:38.770 Introduction to Eddy current inspection method. 05:39.960 --> 05:43.797 On 21 April 1820, Hans Christian Oersted 05:47.470 --> 05:49.210 confirmed the direct relationship between 05:49.210 --> 05:51.160 magnetism and electricity by observing a 05:51.160 --> 05:53.720 compass needle deflect from the magnetic north 05:53.720 --> 05:55.480 when an electric current from the battery was 05:55.480 --> 05:57.023 switched on and off. 05:58.930 --> 06:01.380 Shortly after, Michael Faraday discovered that a 06:01.380 --> 06:04.410 change in magnetic field produces and electric field. 06:04.410 --> 06:06.870 He observed that, if he moved the magnet through 06:06.870 --> 06:09.350 a loop of wire, a electric current flowed through 06:09.350 --> 06:10.183 the wire. 06:10.183 --> 06:11.843 This became known as Faraday's law. 06:20.924 --> 06:24.080 This method is used to detect discontinue in parts 06:24.080 --> 06:26.283 that are conductors of electricity. 06:28.400 --> 06:31.301 So as in magnetic particle inspection, 06:31.301 --> 06:33.597 what kinda material did you need? 06:33.597 --> 06:36.360 What kind of material could be inspected 06:36.360 --> 06:37.573 using magnetic particle? 06:44.770 --> 06:46.380 Private Gonzales 06:46.380 --> 06:47.342 - Farris type material. 06:47.342 --> 06:48.920 - Farris type material. 06:48.920 --> 06:51.610 Material I need... I can magnetize. 06:51.610 --> 06:54.990 In this class, it's going to be conductive material. 06:54.990 --> 06:57.750 As long as it can conduct, 06:57.750 --> 06:59.703 I can use it as a conductor. 07:01.210 --> 07:05.563 It will be inspected by Eddy current. 07:06.750 --> 07:08.780 The Eddy current is a circulating electric current 07:08.780 --> 07:10.390 inducing a conductor by a alternating 07:10.390 --> 07:11.870 magnetic field. 07:11.870 --> 07:14.630 A coil and copper wire is placed in a holder called a probe. 07:14.630 --> 07:16.030 The probe produces the alternating 07:16.030 --> 07:18.440 magnetic field using Eddy current. 07:18.440 --> 07:20.590 The Eddy currents induce an electrical conductor 07:20.590 --> 07:22.310 varying in magnitude and distribution 07:22.310 --> 07:23.890 in response to the specimen properties 07:23.890 --> 07:25.740 such as electrical conductivity, 07:25.740 --> 07:28.703 Magnetic permeability geometry and discontinuities. 07:30.072 --> 07:32.413 ET is a reference type inspection. 07:34.960 --> 07:37.933 What does reference type inspection mean? 07:46.360 --> 07:48.060 Private Bebe. 07:48.060 --> 07:50.503 - Does it mean that we follow the manual to it? 07:51.690 --> 07:54.120 - That's a outstanding answer, however, 07:54.120 --> 07:57.603 not exactly what I was looking for. 07:58.670 --> 08:00.280 Private Gonzales? 08:00.280 --> 08:04.923 - Reference means a standard used to set up the equipment. 08:04.923 --> 08:07.340 - A standard is used to set up the equipment, 08:07.340 --> 08:10.670 so you set up the equipment every 08:10.670 --> 08:13.870 every time you turn that test set on correctly. 08:13.870 --> 08:15.950 If that's correct. 08:15.950 --> 08:20.950 So, then do I need these test sets to be calibrated? 08:27.030 --> 08:28.720 Who thinks the test sets need to be calibrated? 08:28.720 --> 08:29.553 Raise a hand. 08:34.160 --> 08:36.503 Who thinks they do not need to be calibrated? 08:39.560 --> 08:42.300 And if you're Specialist Hooke, he raised his hand up 08:42.300 --> 08:43.453 for both answers. 08:44.330 --> 08:45.163 Awesome. 08:46.070 --> 08:47.700 You're both right in a way 08:49.060 --> 08:51.610 Army units require them to have a DLA label 80 08:51.610 --> 08:52.940 on them that says CNR. 08:52.940 --> 08:54.483 What does CNR stand for? 08:58.660 --> 08:59.953 Private Utamah. 09:00.970 --> 09:02.550 - Calibration not required. 09:02.550 --> 09:05.080 - Calibration not required. 09:05.080 --> 09:08.690 For the TB43180, it states right in that book 09:08.690 --> 09:11.350 the TMD uses to see if items need to be calibrated 09:11.350 --> 09:13.020 it does not require it. 09:13.020 --> 09:16.440 That is because it's a reference type test set. 09:16.440 --> 09:18.960 In other words, every single time you turn it on, 09:18.960 --> 09:22.325 you have a reference standard that you're going to set 09:22.325 --> 09:25.530 that test set up on for whatever type of material 09:25.530 --> 09:27.100 you're inspecting. 09:27.100 --> 09:29.460 So every time you set it up, 09:29.460 --> 09:32.380 you're adjusting all... you're tweaking it 09:32.380 --> 09:37.220 to get the display perfect for that test set. 09:37.220 --> 09:40.660 For every single probe in here is different. 09:40.660 --> 09:42.970 Every single reference standard may be slightly 09:42.970 --> 09:45.080 different, they should be pretty close, 09:45.080 --> 09:47.930 but every test set, every piece of electronic in it 09:47.930 --> 09:50.900 is not gonna have the same output as the one next to it 09:50.900 --> 09:52.960 so they're all different, they all have to be adjusted 09:52.960 --> 09:54.260 every time you turn em on. 09:56.250 --> 09:58.593 So reference type inspection. 10:01.860 --> 10:05.353 Take a look at paragraph 4111. 10:09.870 --> 10:12.153 Will somebody read that for me please? 10:13.460 --> 10:14.293 Private Martin. 10:15.920 --> 10:19.350 - Anchor inspection is a reference type inspection. 10:19.350 --> 10:23.570 The term reference means a standard is used to set 10:23.570 --> 10:26.300 up the equipment results are only as good as the 10:26.300 --> 10:28.640 reference standards used. 10:28.640 --> 10:31.600 For quality protection, a minimum of 3 clogs 10:31.600 --> 10:34.670 of varying sizes is recommended for setup. 10:34.670 --> 10:37.660 The three clogs represent a closer standardization 10:37.660 --> 10:42.537 method for inspection, reliability, and proability of 10:44.380 --> 10:47.340 detection; POD data. 10:47.340 --> 10:50.240 Calibration standards are also used for thickness 10:50.240 --> 10:53.480 measurements and conductivity testing. 10:53.480 --> 10:57.530 The term calibration refers to the use of standards 10:57.530 --> 11:02.290 directly traceable to a national institute of standards 11:02.290 --> 11:03.490 and technology. 11:03.490 --> 11:06.780 - That's good, thanks Private Martin, appreciate it. 11:06.780 --> 11:09.200 So they have many different reference standards, 11:09.200 --> 11:10.370 but the reference standards are 11:10.370 --> 11:13.290 built to strict industry standards. 11:13.290 --> 11:15.520 So, pretty much all the reference standards you have 11:15.520 --> 11:19.160 are machined exact; they're the same. 11:19.160 --> 11:21.930 The test sets may all be different so they 11:21.930 --> 11:24.010 all have to be tweaked a little bit different. 11:24.010 --> 11:26.460 So your settings on Private Coone's is not 11:26.460 --> 11:28.880 gonna have the same settings as Private Gonzales 11:28.880 --> 11:30.483 to get the same display picture. 11:33.973 --> 11:37.010 Electrical currents induced in a conductor by 11:37.010 --> 11:39.700 a time varying magnetic field Eddy currents flow in 11:39.700 --> 11:42.210 a pattern but their paths are oriented perpendicular 11:42.210 --> 11:44.160 to the direction of the magnetic field. 11:48.730 --> 11:50.003 As seen in this slide. 11:55.780 --> 11:58.130 The path the Eddy currents follow 11:58.130 --> 12:00.980 must be interrupted by the defect to register 12:00.980 --> 12:02.333 an impedance change. 12:05.210 --> 12:09.460 So you see how the current flows around the coil 12:10.650 --> 12:15.307 and a crack changes the flow of that Eddy current. 12:18.670 --> 12:19.840 Eddy current can 12:22.100 --> 12:26.020 detect surface and subsurface cracks, 12:26.020 --> 12:28.540 detect discontinuities in materials, 12:28.540 --> 12:31.980 determine material properties, measure thickness of 12:31.980 --> 12:33.520 thin materials conductive coatings and 12:33.520 --> 12:36.023 non conductive coatings on conductive sub street. 12:40.470 --> 12:42.293 Some limitations of Eddy current, 12:43.520 --> 12:47.130 in paragraph 415 inspections limited to electrically 12:47.130 --> 12:49.480 conducted materials, which we already stated, 12:49.480 --> 12:51.490 flaws that run parallel to the surface 12:51.490 --> 12:54.380 are difficult to detect and ferromagnetic materials 12:54.380 --> 12:57.280 have permeability effects that conflict with conductivity. 13:01.660 --> 13:03.127 So surface defects, Eddy current can inspect 13:03.127 --> 13:07.600 a lot of surface defects. 13:07.600 --> 13:10.210 What is a benefit...so does penetrant, correct? 13:10.210 --> 13:12.010 You did penetrant and special, what is a 13:12.010 --> 13:14.913 benefit Eddy current has over penetrant inspection then? 13:23.810 --> 13:25.150 Specialist Caraballa 13:25.150 --> 13:28.200 - You don't have to strip the paint for a ET. 13:28.200 --> 13:29.106 - That's right 13:29.106 --> 13:29.939 - With penetrant you have to. 13:29.939 --> 13:31.720 - Exactly right, that's very time consuming 13:31.720 --> 13:34.330 to strip the paint so Eddy current can, 13:34.330 --> 13:37.370 you might say, see right through paint. 13:37.370 --> 13:40.483 That's a huge benefit and a time saver for you. 13:42.060 --> 13:45.040 A lot of times for an inspection, you'll be able to... 13:45.040 --> 13:47.500 The primary inspection method is Eddy current 13:47.500 --> 13:49.520 if you find a crack, then you might have to 13:49.520 --> 13:53.410 strip the paint to verify it using penetrant inspection. 13:53.410 --> 13:56.170 So you may end up using two different types of inspections 13:56.170 --> 13:57.163 to inspect that. 14:02.020 --> 14:04.670 It can be used to measure the 14:04.670 --> 14:07.253 thickness of non conductive coatings. 14:10.460 --> 14:12.233 Some limitations of Eddy current. 14:13.090 --> 14:17.170 It's limited to electrically conducted materials. 14:17.170 --> 14:18.820 Flaws run parallel to the surface and 14:18.820 --> 14:22.210 ferromagnetic materials have permeability effects that 14:22.210 --> 14:23.993 conflict with conductivity. 14:24.910 --> 14:27.820 So they're saying if a part is 14:29.020 --> 14:32.180 magnetized, Eddy current will have some 14:32.180 --> 14:34.390 issues trying to inspect that part. 14:34.390 --> 14:38.410 However, most parts on a helicopter or Army aircraft 14:38.410 --> 14:39.683 are made of what? 14:42.760 --> 14:44.122 Specialist Pafford. 14:44.122 --> 14:44.955 - Aluminum? 14:44.955 --> 14:46.743 - Aluminum, because it's lighter. 14:47.910 --> 14:51.760 Eddy current is the main NDI method for Army aviation 14:51.760 --> 14:54.933 because the entire airframe is sheet metal. 14:55.810 --> 14:57.800 It's all aluminum. 14:57.800 --> 15:01.750 We have some struts on there, some ferromagnetic parts. 15:01.750 --> 15:05.300 But, the majority of that aircraft is aluminum. 15:05.300 --> 15:07.420 So it's all conductive material hence, 15:07.420 --> 15:09.343 Eddy current is the number one method. 15:15.260 --> 15:19.100 Variables effecting Eddy current the generation 15:19.100 --> 15:20.680 effecting Eddy current 15:23.920 --> 15:26.160 in a part are dependent on the following: 15:26.160 --> 15:28.300 the inspection system, the material properties of 15:28.300 --> 15:30.243 the part, the test conditions. 15:36.180 --> 15:38.660 Does temperature...do you think temperature 15:38.660 --> 15:43.140 would effect the inspection of a part using 15:43.140 --> 15:45.863 Eddy current and how? 15:53.660 --> 15:54.560 Specialist Pafford 15:55.430 --> 16:00.360 - Uh, yes it'll affect the conductivity of it. 16:00.360 --> 16:03.550 I would do a wild guess saying that it would be 16:03.550 --> 16:05.313 like the molecules of the material. 16:06.940 --> 16:08.920 - In a way, yes. 16:08.920 --> 16:13.460 Because the colder a part, the more conductive a part. 16:13.460 --> 16:17.780 The hotter a part, the less conductive a part. 16:17.780 --> 16:21.360 So that does effect Eddy current and in that aspect 16:21.360 --> 16:25.433 you go outside at it's a hundred degrees in the desert, 16:26.330 --> 16:28.855 it's only 70 in your shop, your reference standard is now 16:28.855 --> 16:32.620 much cooler than the aircraft and you won't be able to 16:32.620 --> 16:35.120 inspect that until that reference standard has come up 16:35.120 --> 16:37.070 to about the same temperature, so yes 16:37.070 --> 16:40.373 temperature has a big effect and with that 16:40.373 --> 16:45.110 we can also do some metal sorting by seeing the 16:45.110 --> 16:48.343 different types of metals because of the heat treatment. 16:49.780 --> 16:53.041 So that will show up using Eddy current inspection method. 16:53.041 --> 16:58.041 We can find the different heat treatments of metals 16:58.540 --> 17:00.833 along with the different alloys of metals. 17:02.020 --> 17:04.860 So over the past block of instruction, we have 17:04.860 --> 17:07.010 gone over the introduction of Eddy current, 17:08.440 --> 17:11.386 some limitations of Eddy current, some of the capabilities 17:11.386 --> 17:16.386 of Eddy current, and some variable effecting Eddy current. 17:20.370 --> 17:22.120 Are there any questions of me 17:22.120 --> 17:24.860 concerning Eddy current inspection? 17:27.010 --> 17:28.713 If not, I have some for you. 17:30.060 --> 17:32.603 What does IECS stand for? 17:56.140 --> 17:57.050 Private Gonzales 17:58.190 --> 18:01.600 - International Eneo Copper Standard. 18:01.600 --> 18:03.993 - The international eneo copper standard. 18:04.880 --> 18:07.660 So when we talk conductivity of metals, 18:07.660 --> 18:09.850 everything is compared to copper. 18:09.850 --> 18:13.640 Copper being 100, silver being more conductive than copper 18:13.640 --> 18:15.430 it'd be 105. 18:15.430 --> 18:19.000 Other metals, aluminum's, are less conductive than copper. 18:19.000 --> 18:21.780 So it's just a chart you have in your book 18:21.780 --> 18:24.010 that states the IECS of all metals 18:25.760 --> 18:27.790 basically that is the conductivity of those metals 18:27.790 --> 18:28.740 compared to copper. 18:30.460 --> 18:32.810 What are some uses of Eddy current? 18:39.262 --> 18:41.152 Private Utamah. 18:41.152 --> 18:43.985 (student answers) 18:54.570 --> 18:56.003 that is correct. 18:57.010 --> 18:58.620 Everybody heard that? 18:58.620 --> 19:01.350 Can be used to detect service some sub service cracks 19:02.522 --> 19:04.717 determine material properties, measure the thickness 19:04.717 --> 19:06.010 of thin materials conductive coatings and 19:06.010 --> 19:07.870 non conductive coatings. 19:07.870 --> 19:09.883 That was in paragraph 413. 19:11.290 --> 19:14.263 Last question, what type of inspection is Eddy current? 19:27.740 --> 19:28.573 Private Bebe 19:29.960 --> 19:34.090 - In 4.1.1.1 Eddy current inspection is a 19:34.090 --> 19:36.653 reference type inspection. 19:36.653 --> 19:39.050 - That is correct, reference type inspection 19:39.050 --> 19:40.223 which we talked about. 19:43.060 --> 19:46.210 So with that I'd like you to go take a 10 minute 19:46.210 --> 19:49.334 break, after the break, I will be your primary 19:49.334 --> 19:53.140 instructor to continue on with LSA1 19:53.140 --> 19:55.780 Eddy current inspection methods. 19:55.780 --> 19:57.063 Go ahead and take a break.