WEBVTT 00:02.752 --> 00:04.085 - Good afternoon 00:05.344 --> 00:08.761 and welcome to our final panel of the day 00:09.425 --> 00:12.008 of our Sea, Air and Space 2017. 00:12.904 --> 00:15.176 We are honored to end this session today with a 00:15.176 --> 00:17.812 distinguished international panel. 00:17.812 --> 00:19.659 Our international partners are critical 00:19.659 --> 00:22.409 to keeping the world's seas safe. 00:22.552 --> 00:24.891 We are honored to have with us today, 00:24.891 --> 00:27.058 Vice Admiral Kari Takanen, 00:28.368 --> 00:31.201 Chief Of Defense, Command Finland. 00:31.768 --> 00:33.435 Vice Admiral Andreas 00:36.334 --> 00:37.167 Krause, 00:38.563 --> 00:40.563 Chief of Germany's Navy. 00:42.241 --> 00:43.728 Rear Admiral John Martin, 00:43.728 --> 00:45.978 Chief Of Navy, New Zealand, 00:47.152 --> 00:48.485 and Lars Saunes, 00:48.612 --> 00:51.112 Chief Of Royal Norwegian Navy. 00:51.736 --> 00:54.120 Please join us in welcoming these guests. 00:54.120 --> 00:57.287 (audience applauding) 01:00.480 --> 01:04.032 As we celebrate 115 years of the Navy League, 01:04.032 --> 01:08.038 and our 52nd anniversary of our Sea, Air and Space, 01:08.038 --> 01:11.574 we are reminded how important our international partners are 01:11.574 --> 01:14.824 to the safety and security of the seas. 01:14.872 --> 01:19.039 Please join us in welcoming our panelists to the stage, 01:23.318 --> 01:25.206 and I'll ask of Vice Admiral Krause 01:25.206 --> 01:28.953 to begin the moderation, thank you very much. 01:28.953 --> 01:30.746 - Thank you, thank you very much 01:30.746 --> 01:33.450 for this kind introduction ladies and gentlemen. 01:33.450 --> 01:35.250 It's a great honor and pleasure 01:35.250 --> 01:39.250 for me to be asked to such a distinguished panel 01:40.615 --> 01:41.699 on the Sea, Air, Space 01:41.699 --> 01:45.866 and I promise although I am being the first moderator 01:46.122 --> 01:48.290 not looking from outside to the panel 01:48.290 --> 01:50.957 but being part of the discussion 01:52.306 --> 01:54.714 to try to keep my enthusiasm in check 01:54.714 --> 01:57.214 and not to be eloquent myself. 01:57.371 --> 01:59.426 Though this might prove to be a challenge 01:59.426 --> 02:01.306 as the topic chosen for this panel 02:01.306 --> 02:03.747 isn't only of biggest importance 02:03.747 --> 02:05.786 but very close to my heart personally. 02:05.786 --> 02:08.498 So again, welcome to the first international panel 02:08.498 --> 02:10.650 of this conference under the topic 02:10.650 --> 02:13.306 Strengthening Partnerships Through Innovation, 02:13.306 --> 02:16.473 Experimentation and Inter-Operability. 02:16.482 --> 02:18.058 What does it tell us? 02:18.058 --> 02:19.954 The question is not whether partnerships 02:19.954 --> 02:21.871 are useful or necessary 02:22.250 --> 02:23.500 that's a given. 02:23.938 --> 02:26.170 The question is rather, how? 02:26.170 --> 02:28.643 And therefore I am extremely grateful 02:28.643 --> 02:30.186 that Sea, Air, Space has chosen 02:30.186 --> 02:32.266 panelists to discuss this topic 02:32.266 --> 02:34.834 and give us their insights who are well known 02:34.834 --> 02:37.074 to be very appreciative of the role 02:37.074 --> 02:39.491 of cooperating and partnering 02:39.522 --> 02:43.355 and whom are all count to my personal friends. 02:44.522 --> 02:46.382 Another good reason not to steal their 02:46.382 --> 02:48.549 speaking time, by the way. 02:49.090 --> 02:50.209 So the first speaker will be 02:50.209 --> 02:51.442 Rear Admiral Lars Saunes 02:51.442 --> 02:54.954 who is the Chief of the Royal Norwegian Navy, 02:54.954 --> 02:56.254 a fellow sub mariner of mine 02:56.254 --> 02:59.354 and we know each other for many, many years. 02:59.354 --> 03:01.239 With Vice Admiral Kari Takanen 03:01.239 --> 03:02.938 I share very fond memories 03:02.938 --> 03:05.506 of jointly developing cooperation in the Baltic, 03:05.506 --> 03:08.364 from his time as head of Finnish Navy. 03:08.364 --> 03:10.411 And last but not least, I welcome Rear Admiral 03:10.411 --> 03:12.338 John Martin from New Zealand 03:12.338 --> 03:14.226 who coming from the anti ports 03:14.226 --> 03:16.826 might seem to stick out a little 03:16.826 --> 03:19.434 in a group of Northern European Navy leaders. 03:19.434 --> 03:21.095 But as all experts know 03:21.095 --> 03:22.855 the role the Royal New Zealand Navy 03:22.855 --> 03:26.634 is playing in the first league when talking about innovative 03:26.634 --> 03:28.801 and cooperative solutions. 03:29.186 --> 03:31.914 Ladies and gentlemen, do you remember 03:31.914 --> 03:34.259 when Apple launched its first iPad? 03:34.259 --> 03:35.676 Its first iPhone? 03:36.586 --> 03:40.086 And revolutionized not only communications 03:40.722 --> 03:42.222 but everyday life. 03:43.026 --> 03:44.893 And do you remember the reaction 03:44.893 --> 03:47.802 of the CEO of Microsoft at that time? 03:47.802 --> 03:51.199 Having been asked whether this could be a risk for him. 03:51.199 --> 03:54.277 He said, "No, I don't care about a telephone 03:54.277 --> 03:57.277 that not even has typos to push on." 03:57.768 --> 04:00.351 Well, in 2007 that was the date 04:00.876 --> 04:04.045 when the first iPhone came on the market. 04:04.045 --> 04:07.781 The German Navy was also very innovative at that time. 04:07.781 --> 04:10.188 It agreed the new design of its new frigate, 04:10.188 --> 04:13.716 Class 125, a ship for long term crisis response 04:13.716 --> 04:15.116 operations far away from home 04:15.116 --> 04:17.949 with a revolutionary crew concept. 04:19.124 --> 04:23.061 We will bring this ship into service this summer. 04:23.061 --> 04:24.820 By the way, it was the same time 04:24.820 --> 04:28.153 when the U.S. Navy thought about the LCS 04:28.532 --> 04:30.869 which is now for a while in service 04:30.869 --> 04:33.452 but still having some problems. 04:33.756 --> 04:35.429 It was by the way also the time 04:35.429 --> 04:39.346 when in Germany defense did not refer to Europe 04:40.556 --> 04:42.139 but to Afghanistan. 04:42.324 --> 04:43.400 When the German defense budget 04:43.400 --> 04:45.460 has been declining and force structures 04:45.460 --> 04:48.627 diminished consecutively for 18 years. 04:51.485 --> 04:53.485 10 years later, in 2017, 04:54.237 --> 04:56.570 we are expecting iPhone age, 04:57.182 --> 04:58.015 with Siri, 04:58.476 --> 05:00.726 again with a jack possibly, 05:01.316 --> 05:03.484 a technology around which a whole 05:03.484 --> 05:05.476 new industry has developed 05:05.476 --> 05:07.143 and without our children wouldn't 05:07.143 --> 05:08.810 know how to survive. 05:09.220 --> 05:11.476 This is a time in Germany when NATO 05:11.476 --> 05:15.300 altogether is refocusing on Article Five operations. 05:15.300 --> 05:17.465 Defense in Germany is once more linked 05:17.465 --> 05:19.748 to the Eastern borders of the Alliance, 05:19.748 --> 05:22.831 to the Baltic and the Northern flank. 05:23.188 --> 05:25.468 And the German defense budget has this year 05:25.468 --> 05:27.621 grown by eight percent and the boonisphere 05:27.621 --> 05:29.788 is learning to grow again. 05:31.188 --> 05:35.355 And I mentioned already we will commission our first F125. 05:35.831 --> 05:38.664 So this is two sets of innovation. 05:39.300 --> 05:42.948 After decades, perhaps centuries through which 05:42.948 --> 05:45.556 military innovation cross fertilized 05:45.556 --> 05:49.556 civilian fields, the tables seem to have turned. 05:50.292 --> 05:52.832 So how can we cope with the situation 05:52.832 --> 05:56.860 that we have totally different innovation cycles? 05:56.860 --> 05:59.193 How can we keep our warships 06:00.800 --> 06:03.050 up to the state of the art? 06:03.082 --> 06:04.499 How can we manage 06:04.826 --> 06:07.743 to stay attractive to young people? 06:08.210 --> 06:11.793 Can navies even dream of catching up again? 06:12.994 --> 06:15.698 Are we simply forced into partnerships 06:15.698 --> 06:17.865 for lack of other options? 06:18.666 --> 06:22.249 Having said that, I asked the first speaker 06:22.594 --> 06:25.261 Admiral Saunes to take the floor 06:25.715 --> 06:28.632 and give his 10 minutes statements. 06:29.687 --> 06:31.238 - Thank you very much Andreas 06:31.238 --> 06:32.845 and thank you to the Navy League 06:32.845 --> 06:36.366 for inviting me to come to this panel today. 06:36.366 --> 06:39.699 The Royal Navy is a standing Navy today. 06:40.536 --> 06:44.253 Mainly in operation or preparing for operation. 06:44.253 --> 06:47.638 But just so you can understand the Norwegian Navy, 06:47.638 --> 06:49.206 it consists of two branches. 06:49.206 --> 06:51.045 We have the Coast Guard and the Fleet. 06:51.045 --> 06:54.429 And they are incorporated in our military operations. 06:54.429 --> 06:56.582 So it's a little bit different from others. 06:56.582 --> 06:59.677 Each of those branches have innovation, 06:59.677 --> 07:02.927 cooperation, international cooperation, 07:03.693 --> 07:06.360 panning on what their tasks are. 07:06.877 --> 07:08.413 As the Chief of this Navy, 07:08.413 --> 07:11.678 there are two perspective I look at every day. 07:11.678 --> 07:15.552 And that's the near future and the long future. 07:15.552 --> 07:18.021 Someone needs to think about the long future. 07:18.021 --> 07:19.604 In the near future, 07:19.976 --> 07:22.809 it's all about manning, preparing, 07:24.110 --> 07:26.172 being operations, and we do that 07:26.172 --> 07:28.558 together with our key allies, 07:28.558 --> 07:30.293 like we do with the U.S., U.K., 07:30.293 --> 07:32.413 the German Navy and others. 07:32.413 --> 07:35.996 So we have to collaborate about innovation. 07:36.381 --> 07:39.548 How to develop, not as a separate Navy 07:39.677 --> 07:42.844 but as part of an allied organization. 07:44.103 --> 07:47.398 So, I would like to share with you today 07:47.398 --> 07:50.065 a couple of reflection I've done 07:50.752 --> 07:53.829 during that period I've been Chief of the Navy. 07:53.829 --> 07:55.329 Next slide please. 07:56.582 --> 07:59.229 We are looking at a Navy towards 2040. 07:59.229 --> 08:00.062 Why 2040? 08:00.495 --> 08:03.553 Because the structure we have today is obsolete. 08:03.553 --> 08:06.638 It's out, we have to think what's new. 08:06.638 --> 08:10.305 And the Royal Norwegian Navy is at this time 08:12.782 --> 08:15.093 looking into how to replace our frigates, 08:15.093 --> 08:17.909 how to replace our autonomous system, 08:17.909 --> 08:20.277 how fix our logistics, new submarines, 08:20.277 --> 08:23.269 new Coast Guard vessel for the Arctic. 08:23.269 --> 08:26.925 And the Navy needs to establish sea control, 08:26.925 --> 08:30.842 sea denial, do the military tasks also in 2040. 08:31.086 --> 08:32.586 How do we do that? 08:33.325 --> 08:36.242 So what platforms will be needed to 08:36.700 --> 08:38.367 keep these missions? 08:38.395 --> 08:40.182 Because the missions remains. 08:40.182 --> 08:41.599 The tools change. 08:42.045 --> 08:45.374 So in this new development in armed forces, 08:45.374 --> 08:47.806 I suggest to you that implementing new technology 08:47.806 --> 08:50.238 is a key thing, also self defense against 08:50.238 --> 08:52.155 these new technologies. 08:52.542 --> 08:54.875 Increased tempo of learning. 08:54.877 --> 08:56.383 The information domain. 08:56.383 --> 08:57.878 Partnership and cooperation. 08:57.878 --> 08:58.711 Small Navy. 08:58.711 --> 09:01.461 Norway is in regard to population 09:01.909 --> 09:04.293 the same population as Rhode Island. 09:04.293 --> 09:06.574 Which is the smallest state in the United States. 09:06.574 --> 09:08.491 So we have to be smart. 09:08.622 --> 09:11.774 So we need to maintain the highest level of quality. 09:11.774 --> 09:14.691 You can never manage to have a lot. 09:15.597 --> 09:19.347 So the next thing will be, next slide please. 09:21.662 --> 09:24.662 Traditionally, the military industry 09:25.694 --> 09:28.606 or the defense industry were leading 09:28.606 --> 09:32.694 in this development, of technological development. 09:32.694 --> 09:35.414 Today, the civilian industry market 09:35.414 --> 09:37.669 represent the front end in many ways. 09:37.669 --> 09:40.336 New technologies are implemented 09:40.710 --> 09:43.470 at an exponentially increasing tempo 09:43.470 --> 09:45.887 and absolutely the less cost. 09:46.229 --> 09:49.562 So how do we as military cope with that? 09:51.142 --> 09:53.952 Norway has a significant high tech industry. 09:53.952 --> 09:57.369 I know especially in the maritime domain. 09:58.302 --> 10:01.718 Our own university and research establishment 10:01.718 --> 10:03.218 are the front end. 10:03.269 --> 10:04.910 We have to take advantage of this. 10:04.910 --> 10:07.743 We have to be smart and think new. 10:08.253 --> 10:10.841 With limited budgets, Navy armed forces 10:10.841 --> 10:12.924 cannot afford R&D itself. 10:13.502 --> 10:14.477 Not in my country. 10:14.477 --> 10:17.293 We have to partner with a leading establishment 10:17.293 --> 10:19.054 and our partner nations to develop 10:19.054 --> 10:21.566 the Navy in the right direction. 10:21.566 --> 10:24.983 We have to think new and focus on effect. 10:25.661 --> 10:27.582 Not to specific platforms. 10:27.582 --> 10:30.082 The Navy must when it know how 10:30.845 --> 10:32.928 be the hub of cooperation 10:33.144 --> 10:36.727 for developing the new maritime technology. 10:37.967 --> 10:38.967 Next please. 10:40.543 --> 10:43.210 So, just to give you an example. 10:43.767 --> 10:46.432 Today's more expensive platforms. 10:46.432 --> 10:49.265 Is it wise to use a billion dollar 10:49.492 --> 10:52.367 frigate on a tactical anti-submarine warfare? 10:52.367 --> 10:54.256 Perhaps not in the future. 10:54.256 --> 10:55.488 We have fewer platforms. 10:55.488 --> 10:57.319 We have limited budgets. 10:57.319 --> 10:59.687 Future demands are cheaper systems, 10:59.687 --> 11:00.937 higher volumes. 11:01.551 --> 11:04.279 How can we make it hard for the enemy? 11:04.279 --> 11:07.362 And, how can we defend our own forces 11:07.609 --> 11:09.359 against an adversary? 11:10.896 --> 11:12.887 I think in the near future, 11:12.887 --> 11:16.271 we must be able to find cheaper solution, 11:16.271 --> 11:18.487 do strategic cooperation, and we must 11:18.487 --> 11:20.987 find out how to pose a threat. 11:21.463 --> 11:22.903 Cooperation with allied nations 11:22.903 --> 11:25.236 are the key to this success. 11:25.695 --> 11:27.319 I'll give you some examples 11:27.319 --> 11:30.736 but the R&D between the defense industry, 11:30.967 --> 11:32.679 military research institute 11:32.679 --> 11:35.762 and navies are a key to that success. 11:36.583 --> 11:37.583 Next please. 11:38.799 --> 11:40.799 I'll give you an example. 11:40.799 --> 11:43.216 I decided some years ago that 11:43.258 --> 11:45.885 we'd make a new mine hunting concept. 11:45.885 --> 11:48.949 Where I take the personnel out of the mine field. 11:48.949 --> 11:51.933 So, with Kongsberg, we developed this 11:51.933 --> 11:52.766 Hugin 11:53.675 --> 11:54.508 MCM system 11:57.816 --> 11:59.399 to do mine hunting. 12:00.879 --> 12:03.255 This system now is going operational 12:03.255 --> 12:06.238 and last year we sent one of the container 12:06.238 --> 12:09.590 to RIMPAC, the Rim of the Pacific Exercise, 12:09.590 --> 12:13.452 aboard a Canadian mine hunting ship, Yellow Knife. 12:13.452 --> 12:15.832 And it found most of the mines. 12:15.832 --> 12:17.407 But it's a commercial product 12:17.407 --> 12:20.503 which has a military technology in it, 12:20.503 --> 12:22.095 which makes it better. 12:22.095 --> 12:24.615 But the basis is the same as the commercial. 12:24.615 --> 12:27.865 And we will do the same with USB drones 12:28.066 --> 12:31.649 for sweeping in the next five to six years. 12:32.839 --> 12:34.172 Next one please. 12:35.381 --> 12:36.298 Next slide. 12:37.839 --> 12:39.089 Another key ... 12:42.671 --> 12:46.338 Navy will have the same identical submarine. 12:46.775 --> 12:48.775 So what does this give us? 12:48.775 --> 12:51.016 It gives us a bigger foundation 12:51.016 --> 12:52.499 for developing this submarine 12:52.499 --> 12:54.557 for the next 30 to 40 years. 12:54.557 --> 12:56.407 But it's a strategic partnership 12:56.407 --> 12:57.719 that also include, 12:57.719 --> 12:59.302 it becomes cheaper, 13:01.023 --> 13:03.106 with sharing spare parts, 13:03.807 --> 13:05.687 maintenance facilities, 13:05.687 --> 13:07.466 but also training exercises. 13:07.466 --> 13:09.343 So Andreas and I are really challenged 13:09.343 --> 13:12.343 to find how are we going to use this 13:12.543 --> 13:16.460 to get the best submarine service in the world. 13:16.655 --> 13:18.988 And we will get it, I guess. 13:19.279 --> 13:22.559 And today, we have a very efficient cooperation 13:22.559 --> 13:25.287 with a lot of nations in that way. 13:25.287 --> 13:28.517 And I think those things are a smart defense. 13:28.517 --> 13:30.100 Next slides please. 13:31.271 --> 13:34.087 Another thing is that smaller nation 13:34.087 --> 13:36.127 are not able to develop their own system. 13:36.127 --> 13:38.901 This is the, could be the English Marsh Class, 13:38.901 --> 13:40.681 but it's actually an extension 13:40.681 --> 13:41.753 on a British Marsh Class 13:41.753 --> 13:43.887 that is built in South Korea 13:43.887 --> 13:46.510 which we tailored to meet our needs. 13:46.510 --> 13:49.510 So, we build on the R&D in the U.K., 13:49.535 --> 13:51.079 and take the best from them 13:51.079 --> 13:52.930 and develop what we need. 13:52.930 --> 13:56.263 I think this is much, it is an important 13:56.935 --> 13:58.241 lesson learned in this, 13:58.241 --> 14:02.408 that we as NATO nations need to share our best practices 14:03.140 --> 14:06.542 and build on the best practices like we do now. 14:06.542 --> 14:07.542 Next please. 14:09.319 --> 14:11.366 And also in the new Coast Guard 14:11.366 --> 14:13.449 system we are developing. 14:13.751 --> 14:16.570 We meet in the North Atlantic Coast Guard forum. 14:16.570 --> 14:19.513 I think the Commandant was visiting Boston 14:19.513 --> 14:22.412 last week when they had the Arctic Coast Guard forum, 14:22.412 --> 14:24.455 and we share best practices. 14:24.455 --> 14:27.801 What is the best technology to be used in the Arctic? 14:27.801 --> 14:31.000 What is the best practice for our crews 14:31.000 --> 14:33.791 communication wise and so on, and so on and so on. 14:33.791 --> 14:36.792 So this is keeping our maritime house in order 14:36.792 --> 14:40.959 by sharing best practicing and innovation in the future. 14:41.607 --> 14:43.524 Let me finally end with 14:43.527 --> 14:46.074 what I think is the most important thing. 14:46.074 --> 14:47.679 And that is about culture. 14:47.679 --> 14:49.179 Next slide please. 14:49.807 --> 14:53.623 To do this in Norway, we had to change our culture. 14:53.623 --> 14:56.055 We had to be innovative in regard 14:56.055 --> 14:57.791 to how we organized ourselves, 14:57.791 --> 14:58.887 how we teach ourselves, 14:58.887 --> 15:00.970 how we keep our knowledge 15:01.254 --> 15:02.337 at top level. 15:03.887 --> 15:07.137 So I used a lot of my land organization 15:07.449 --> 15:09.623 to man all the ship last year. 15:09.623 --> 15:12.112 So now I'm planning on, for instance, 15:12.112 --> 15:14.065 the U.K. to train my ships, 15:14.065 --> 15:15.151 to do my certification 15:15.151 --> 15:17.568 at Flag Officer Sea Training. 15:19.080 --> 15:20.768 This also gives me an external 15:20.768 --> 15:23.074 quality control of what I really 15:23.074 --> 15:25.824 need to deliver into an alliance. 15:25.983 --> 15:30.066 And for me, an important thing is cost effective. 15:30.303 --> 15:32.790 So I'd rather put some personnel 15:32.790 --> 15:35.873 into a foreign training establishment 15:35.974 --> 15:37.224 share knowledge 15:39.515 --> 15:41.348 instead of building up 15:41.535 --> 15:44.035 something less quality myself. 15:45.103 --> 15:47.959 And I think that's a huge lesson learned in that 15:47.959 --> 15:49.811 with regard to future development. 15:49.811 --> 15:51.478 Thank you very much. 15:51.739 --> 15:53.131 - Thank you very much, Lars. 15:53.131 --> 15:55.527 (audience applauding) 15:55.527 --> 15:58.442 I remember one of my first visits to Norway 15:58.442 --> 16:02.477 and that was when we were shown your battle labs. 16:02.477 --> 16:04.261 And the most important thing 16:04.261 --> 16:06.506 that I remember from that is 16:06.506 --> 16:07.901 with regard to experimentation 16:07.901 --> 16:09.318 that it was said, 16:09.362 --> 16:11.550 "You must allow that it can go wrong." 16:11.550 --> 16:13.811 And sometimes I think in our cultures 16:13.811 --> 16:15.419 that we have a situation develop 16:15.419 --> 16:19.586 of failure friendliness is not very well accepted. 16:20.266 --> 16:22.202 So if we really want to be innovative, 16:22.202 --> 16:25.202 I think we also have to be telling our people 16:25.202 --> 16:27.386 and granting them the trust and confidence 16:27.386 --> 16:29.662 that something may also go wrong. 16:29.662 --> 16:31.879 So thank you very much for your briefing. 16:31.879 --> 16:33.256 The second speaker will be 16:33.256 --> 16:35.382 Vice Admiral Takanen, Kari the floor is yours. 16:35.382 --> 16:37.049 - Thank you Andreas. 16:37.198 --> 16:38.737 And ladies and gentlemen, 16:38.737 --> 16:40.241 it is a great pleasure to be here today 16:40.241 --> 16:42.253 and give a Finnish perspective 16:42.253 --> 16:45.841 of strengthening partnerships, today's topic. 16:45.841 --> 16:47.585 Finland's national defense is based on 16:47.585 --> 16:49.329 three pillars that are: 16:49.329 --> 16:52.829 Defense forces, war fighting capabilities, 16:53.337 --> 16:55.753 national inter-agency cooperation 16:55.753 --> 16:57.252 and multi-national bi-lateral 16:57.252 --> 16:59.977 cooperation with partner nations. 16:59.977 --> 17:01.960 The pillars can't stand alone. 17:01.960 --> 17:03.857 All three are interdependent parts 17:03.857 --> 17:06.137 of the national security structure. 17:06.137 --> 17:08.529 During the past decade, it has been very clear 17:08.529 --> 17:10.753 that many forms of defense cooperation 17:10.753 --> 17:14.170 are vital in order to maintain readiness, 17:14.337 --> 17:16.253 develop new capabilities, 17:16.253 --> 17:17.186 and when needed, 17:17.186 --> 17:19.984 effectively utilize the defense resources. 17:19.984 --> 17:22.137 This also applies to countering threats 17:22.137 --> 17:25.041 and aggressions below the threshold of armed conflict. 17:25.041 --> 17:26.291 Hybrid threats. 17:26.853 --> 17:28.669 Finland is engaging more and more 17:28.669 --> 17:31.033 in defense cooperation with partners. 17:31.033 --> 17:32.993 That goal is also clearly stated 17:32.993 --> 17:36.493 in recently published Finnish government's 17:36.776 --> 17:38.859 report on defense policy. 17:39.577 --> 17:42.097 Finland is located in an uncertain 17:42.097 --> 17:44.847 and rough and tough neighborhood. 17:45.513 --> 17:48.346 The Finnish Air Force and the Navy 17:48.467 --> 17:50.937 are already at peace time operating partially 17:50.937 --> 17:55.104 inside Russia's A2AD and the axis area denial bubble, 17:55.441 --> 17:56.497 therefore it is very important 17:56.497 --> 18:00.226 for our forces to participate in cooperation, 18:00.226 --> 18:02.929 development and exercises where we can 18:02.929 --> 18:04.353 improve our capabilities 18:04.353 --> 18:06.425 to operate under this threat 18:06.425 --> 18:09.447 and also neutralize the threat if needed. 18:09.447 --> 18:11.199 Close cooperation with partners 18:11.199 --> 18:14.532 is vital in creating these capabilities. 18:14.575 --> 18:17.048 For Finland, the most important bi-lateral partners 18:17.048 --> 18:21.215 in defense cooperation is the United States and Sweden. 18:21.423 --> 18:23.543 Sweden being the close neighbor, and U.S. being 18:23.543 --> 18:25.758 the global power that also contributes 18:25.758 --> 18:28.152 to security in the Baltic region. 18:28.152 --> 18:30.463 Other important partners are Germany, 18:30.463 --> 18:34.296 U.K., Netherlands, and other Nordic countries. 18:36.120 --> 18:38.327 In Finland, we aim to be a trustworthy partner 18:38.327 --> 18:41.543 that contributes to the security in the Baltic Sea region, 18:41.543 --> 18:45.710 and also in fight against the cross-regional threats. 18:45.759 --> 18:47.880 U.S. is a key partner in defense material 18:47.880 --> 18:49.960 armament cooperation, and in research 18:49.960 --> 18:52.293 and development cooperation. 18:53.235 --> 18:55.250 Since the decision to acquire 18:55.250 --> 18:57.991 the U.S. Navy fighter F-18 Hornet 18:57.991 --> 19:00.824 for the Finnish Air Force in 1992, 19:01.161 --> 19:03.049 Finland has procured several billions 19:03.049 --> 19:05.295 worth of defense material from the U.S. 19:05.295 --> 19:06.848 And the road continues. 19:06.848 --> 19:08.103 Today we have numerous on-going 19:08.103 --> 19:11.439 procurement programs that total over a billion 19:11.439 --> 19:13.447 and in the near future we are likely to see 19:13.447 --> 19:16.780 numbers going up rather than going down. 19:18.223 --> 19:19.863 The Finnish forces have reached more 19:19.863 --> 19:22.495 than a good level of technical inter-operability 19:22.495 --> 19:24.229 through acquisition programs 19:24.229 --> 19:26.229 and national development 19:26.458 --> 19:29.199 that has been carried out in compliance 19:29.199 --> 19:31.782 with U.S. and allies standards. 19:32.223 --> 19:34.720 We value the practical formal cooperation 19:34.720 --> 19:37.220 for personal exchange programs 19:37.452 --> 19:41.619 to large scale exercises mostly in the Baltic region. 19:41.880 --> 19:44.137 This is because we can emphasize the quality 19:44.137 --> 19:46.195 of our personnel and troops, 19:46.195 --> 19:49.111 and this can't be created in a vacuum. 19:49.111 --> 19:51.344 Benchmarking and training with foreign forces 19:51.344 --> 19:54.895 gives possibilities to take our training further. 19:54.895 --> 19:56.895 This intense engagement contributes 19:56.895 --> 19:58.751 to mutual inter-operability 19:58.751 --> 20:01.696 and in the end of the day also to our national defense 20:01.696 --> 20:05.113 through better skill level of our troops. 20:05.656 --> 20:07.735 At the same time, we can contribute 20:07.735 --> 20:10.402 with our deep and special skills 20:10.631 --> 20:13.040 for example in Arctic operations, 20:13.040 --> 20:15.280 or in operating in the demanding archipelago 20:15.280 --> 20:17.530 under constant A2AD threat. 20:18.511 --> 20:20.936 This cooperation is becoming more important 20:20.936 --> 20:24.132 whenever U.S. and NATO operations in the demanding 20:24.132 --> 20:27.465 environment of the Baltic Sea increases. 20:28.867 --> 20:30.887 The Finnish defense force's uppermost research 20:30.887 --> 20:32.503 and experimentation activities 20:32.503 --> 20:36.670 that address high-priority capability requirements. 20:36.876 --> 20:38.141 Through partner engagement 20:38.141 --> 20:40.224 and joint experimentation 20:40.227 --> 20:42.696 we are able to determine not only the best 20:42.696 --> 20:45.024 national force structures, concepts, 20:45.024 --> 20:47.472 platforms, systems or techniques 20:47.472 --> 20:49.847 but also enhance inter-operability 20:49.847 --> 20:52.616 to operate in contest environment. 20:52.616 --> 20:55.679 Our niche know-how is Arctic operations. 20:55.679 --> 20:59.128 Both in training, equipment and operational manning. 20:59.128 --> 21:01.424 And also become a useful as the need 21:01.424 --> 21:04.951 for U.S. capabilities to operate in Arctic region 21:04.951 --> 21:08.624 and higher demand are increasing in the future. 21:08.624 --> 21:10.527 With this kind of national background, 21:10.527 --> 21:12.211 I know our Finland participates 21:12.211 --> 21:15.639 and supports also several NATO naval armament 21:15.639 --> 21:19.695 technical groups such as ship design capabilities group 21:19.695 --> 21:22.112 and polar ship design safety. 21:23.210 --> 21:25.511 Maintaining the required level of inter-operability 21:25.511 --> 21:27.719 and joint effort to operate in 21:27.719 --> 21:30.014 and even to guarantee access into 21:30.014 --> 21:33.319 contest battle space, frequent partner engagement 21:33.319 --> 21:36.902 in experimentation and exercises is needed. 21:36.994 --> 21:40.471 Technological development, new emerging threats, 21:40.471 --> 21:42.176 and other constant changes make 21:42.176 --> 21:44.847 inter-operability a moving target. 21:44.847 --> 21:47.951 The outcome of earlier experimentation 21:47.951 --> 21:50.151 are utilized, lessons learned, 21:50.151 --> 21:53.901 lose weight validly as we and our adversaries 21:55.425 --> 21:58.256 go further in developing capabilities. 21:58.256 --> 22:00.467 Current experimentation, war gaming, 22:00.467 --> 22:03.423 and exercises on countering cruise missile 22:03.423 --> 22:05.923 and ballistic missile threats, 22:06.527 --> 22:09.240 mine warfare, anti-submarine warfare, 22:09.240 --> 22:12.136 and cyber have resulted in better understanding 22:12.136 --> 22:14.416 of cooperation possibilities 22:14.416 --> 22:16.319 and stronger partnerships 22:16.319 --> 22:17.728 in addition to preventing us 22:17.728 --> 22:20.728 from inventing the wheel once again. 22:20.904 --> 22:23.335 All of us are currently seeking 22:23.335 --> 22:25.312 to rapidly field new technologies 22:25.312 --> 22:27.062 for our war fighters. 22:27.151 --> 22:28.832 We need to be broad minded 22:28.832 --> 22:31.400 and in some cases bend traditional processes 22:31.400 --> 22:33.529 to provide tools and techniques 22:33.529 --> 22:36.010 critically needed in the front-line. 22:36.010 --> 22:38.935 With this challenge partner engagements 22:38.935 --> 22:41.935 in innovation holds great potential. 22:42.151 --> 22:44.263 Usually seen as a form of cooperation 22:44.263 --> 22:46.639 that bears fruit only in the long term, 22:46.639 --> 22:48.951 we have have found that combining Navy to Navy 22:48.951 --> 22:52.895 cooperation reaching out more to civilian research 22:52.895 --> 22:55.703 entities and commercial developers, 22:55.703 --> 22:58.967 we can get good outcome also in short term. 22:58.967 --> 23:00.968 Numerous innovative technologies, 23:00.968 --> 23:04.279 applications and equipment that are in development 23:04.279 --> 23:07.446 or even production ready are dual use. 23:08.394 --> 23:12.151 Just to mention a few, energy production and storage, 23:12.151 --> 23:15.696 propulsion systems, simulation experimentation 23:15.696 --> 23:17.613 and autonomous systems. 23:18.103 --> 23:20.648 Our areas of innovation cooperating 23:20.648 --> 23:24.271 not only the respective Navies benefit from, 23:24.271 --> 23:27.423 but also a good number of high technology companies 23:27.423 --> 23:30.536 and research and production facilities. 23:30.536 --> 23:33.848 In this sense the partnership grows stronger, 23:33.848 --> 23:36.833 creates more connections and gives more outcome 23:36.833 --> 23:39.416 than pure Navy R&D cooperation. 23:40.879 --> 23:43.789 Most importantly, we are able to provide our forces 23:43.789 --> 23:46.538 with the most advanced equipment and techniques 23:46.538 --> 23:50.455 to address urgent needs and future development. 23:50.832 --> 23:53.536 Finland is grateful for a productive cooperation 23:53.536 --> 23:55.036 with our partners. 23:55.455 --> 23:57.693 We are looking forward to sharing the best practices 23:57.693 --> 24:00.911 between our respective Navies in order to improve 24:00.911 --> 24:04.464 mutual inter-operability, readiness and lethality 24:04.464 --> 24:07.479 to deter and counter any regional aggressors 24:07.479 --> 24:10.229 or sources of global instability. 24:10.287 --> 24:13.183 Cooperation is truly effective only if it is a 24:13.183 --> 24:16.600 two-way street and benefits both parties. 24:17.928 --> 24:20.888 Finland's cooperation with the U.S. armed forces 24:20.888 --> 24:24.971 and Baltic nations shows that even though a small 24:25.767 --> 24:29.210 nation can't bring too much volume into the table, 24:29.210 --> 24:31.411 it can still contribute to other nations 24:31.411 --> 24:33.661 through it's niche know-how 24:33.840 --> 24:37.423 and high quality of troops and capabilities. 24:37.423 --> 24:38.256 Thank you. 24:38.256 --> 24:40.823 - Kari, thank you very much. I would like- 24:40.823 --> 24:43.073 (applause) 24:45.079 --> 24:46.826 I would like to add two aspects 24:46.826 --> 24:49.719 to this more Northern European perspective 24:49.719 --> 24:53.886 before I hand over to you, John, talking from down under. 24:57.505 --> 24:59.248 We we talking about the Baltic. 24:59.248 --> 25:01.880 And please imagine that the Baltic means 25:01.880 --> 25:05.303 around 400 miles from the West to the East, 25:05.303 --> 25:08.386 and maybe depending on where you are, 25:08.624 --> 25:12.119 a couple of miles from the North to the South. 25:12.119 --> 25:16.231 And there is seven like-minded neighboring nations 25:16.231 --> 25:18.327 gathered around the Baltic, 25:18.327 --> 25:21.368 and that calls definitely for collaboration, 25:21.368 --> 25:23.738 for cooperation, because nobody 25:23.738 --> 25:26.071 will be able to do it alone, 25:26.255 --> 25:29.505 nor having the respective response time 25:29.735 --> 25:32.652 to act with any upcoming challenge. 25:33.239 --> 25:36.649 And therefore, I would really strongly advocate 25:36.649 --> 25:38.872 for the role of NATO in this regard 25:38.872 --> 25:41.431 because NATO is the organization 25:41.431 --> 25:43.367 that provides us with inter-operability 25:43.367 --> 25:46.700 not only technologically, but especially 25:47.020 --> 25:50.187 with regard to procedures and tactics. 25:50.703 --> 25:52.047 And language of course. 25:52.047 --> 25:54.848 And this is not only true for NATO members, 25:54.848 --> 25:57.015 it is also true the Finnish and the Swedish Navy, 25:57.015 --> 25:59.367 and I think this is a big achievement 25:59.367 --> 26:00.503 that we have in this area 26:00.503 --> 26:04.003 and makes us to cooperate so very closely. 26:04.919 --> 26:08.169 And we have since two and a half years, 26:08.232 --> 26:10.847 we have a Baltic Commander's Conference 26:10.847 --> 26:14.514 and that means that also these seven nations 26:14.655 --> 26:17.322 plus Norway are a member of this 26:20.571 --> 26:22.404 cooperative initiative 26:23.383 --> 26:27.383 and here we work very closely together to define 26:28.581 --> 26:31.749 common standards, common training possibilities, 26:31.749 --> 26:35.749 and even with regard to exercises, more training 26:36.841 --> 26:39.758 in order to enhance the cooperation 26:39.909 --> 26:41.909 level within our navies. 26:43.645 --> 26:44.970 Kari, thank you very much. 26:44.970 --> 26:47.637 Last speaker of today's panel is 26:49.085 --> 26:51.925 Rear Admiral John Martin, from down under. 26:51.925 --> 26:54.235 A different geographic situation, definitely. 26:54.235 --> 26:56.112 John, the floor is yours. 26:56.112 --> 26:57.029 - Thank you Andreas, 26:57.029 --> 27:00.446 and ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. 27:00.533 --> 27:03.350 I may come from a different geography 27:03.350 --> 27:05.261 but certainly the perspective 27:05.261 --> 27:07.428 that you can't do it alone 27:08.061 --> 27:10.061 is a familiar one to us. 27:10.641 --> 27:12.178 I've been asked to talk about 27:12.178 --> 27:14.717 inter-operability and lessons learned, 27:14.717 --> 27:17.933 from a post earthquake HADR perspective 27:17.933 --> 27:21.541 in light of the need to strengthen partnerships 27:21.541 --> 27:24.427 through inter-operability and also strengthen 27:24.427 --> 27:27.365 inter-operability through the right partnerships. 27:27.365 --> 27:30.518 What I've got to say today is nothing really new. 27:30.518 --> 27:33.245 It's around choosing the right partners 27:33.245 --> 27:35.499 and paying the premium for the capability to be able 27:35.499 --> 27:39.249 to be inter-operable and investing in people. 27:39.776 --> 27:41.856 Now, New Zealand as a trading nation 27:41.856 --> 27:44.088 has a national interest in upholding 27:44.088 --> 27:46.000 the international frameworks 27:46.000 --> 27:48.120 and system of laws that have allowed us 27:48.120 --> 27:51.620 to stand as an independent trading nation. 27:51.632 --> 27:54.632 Indeed, as we all have in this room. 27:54.632 --> 27:56.892 We need to ensure that we develop the capabilities 27:56.892 --> 27:59.544 that are able to protect our interests. 27:59.544 --> 28:01.024 We need to develop the partnerships 28:01.024 --> 28:03.264 with those who are in the same boat, 28:03.264 --> 28:06.608 so to speak, so that we can share the efforts 28:06.608 --> 28:08.691 to protect our interests. 28:09.186 --> 28:12.083 Our country engages and competes in a world 28:12.083 --> 28:15.480 through a variety of channels: diplomatic, 28:15.480 --> 28:18.418 commercial, industrial, agricultural 28:18.418 --> 28:19.501 and security. 28:19.987 --> 28:23.634 And when it comes to implementing the security part, 28:23.634 --> 28:26.765 our defense force operates to lend credence 28:26.765 --> 28:30.139 to the case that our country is a critical partner 28:30.139 --> 28:33.806 who is invested in the international system. 28:34.749 --> 28:37.555 Adelaide's latest Defense Whitepaper provides 28:37.555 --> 28:39.996 a context and policy around the use 28:39.996 --> 28:42.626 and development of the defense force. 28:42.626 --> 28:46.349 It demands the development of military capability, 28:46.349 --> 28:49.766 and requires the creation and maintenance 28:49.768 --> 28:51.635 of international relationships 28:51.635 --> 28:54.552 to ensure that we are to persevere. 28:55.106 --> 28:57.530 One of our key tenets in the manner in which 28:57.530 --> 28:59.588 the defense force must develop 28:59.588 --> 29:01.921 is around inter-operability. 29:02.411 --> 29:04.548 Like all of us in this room, 29:04.548 --> 29:08.026 inter-operability is a challenging concept, 29:08.026 --> 29:11.490 whether it is inter-service, inter-agency, 29:11.490 --> 29:14.240 inter-government, inter-military. 29:15.010 --> 29:19.177 And who do you want to be inter-operable with and why? 29:19.650 --> 29:23.067 Well, we understand that in the next war, 29:23.623 --> 29:27.050 and indeed the one that we're currently engaged in, 29:27.050 --> 29:31.217 we're unable to contain conflict in the normal areas. 29:31.586 --> 29:35.397 While the elements of warfare have not changed 29:35.397 --> 29:37.890 we expect that the conflict to be 29:37.890 --> 29:40.223 trans-regional, multi-domain 29:40.538 --> 29:42.288 and multi-functional. 29:42.445 --> 29:44.778 Geography is not a safeguard 29:45.154 --> 29:47.875 and inter-operability between forces, 29:47.875 --> 29:50.938 indeed between within your own service, 29:50.938 --> 29:54.271 is crucial to be able to achieve success 29:54.842 --> 29:58.675 and persevere in the new conflict environment. 29:59.818 --> 30:02.866 There are challenges to achieving inter-operability. 30:02.866 --> 30:06.002 One of our strategic centers of gravity 30:06.002 --> 30:08.252 is our network of partners. 30:09.827 --> 30:11.994 For a small defense force, 30:12.259 --> 30:14.474 the most difficult challenge 30:14.474 --> 30:18.563 in that, is identifying the most effective partnerships, 30:18.563 --> 30:21.074 and investing our resources in developing 30:21.074 --> 30:22.574 the relationships. 30:23.322 --> 30:24.554 These are the relationships 30:24.554 --> 30:26.676 that form because of shared values, 30:26.676 --> 30:29.509 shared interests or familial ties. 30:30.614 --> 30:31.991 Because of the investment in the 30:31.991 --> 30:33.882 Southwest Pacific relationships, 30:33.882 --> 30:35.754 we have seen considerable operational 30:35.754 --> 30:37.598 benefits in recent years, particularly when it comes 30:37.598 --> 30:40.181 to humanitarian disaster relief 30:41.018 --> 30:44.518 and the management of the maritime domain. 30:45.044 --> 30:48.877 And I'd like to provide some examples shortly. 30:50.245 --> 30:52.661 Another challenge to effective inter-operability 30:52.661 --> 30:55.169 is having the right capabilities to operate 30:55.169 --> 30:58.337 in a range of different missions and tasks. 30:58.337 --> 31:00.788 The Pacific is a home to a vast range 31:00.788 --> 31:02.860 of maritime organizations, 31:02.860 --> 31:06.719 from blue water fleets to coastal patrol fleets. 31:06.719 --> 31:08.940 As a committed partner in the region, 31:08.940 --> 31:10.806 we must be inter-operable with a range 31:10.806 --> 31:13.604 of military capabilities from high-end warfare 31:13.604 --> 31:17.187 to humanitarian and disaster relief assets. 31:18.061 --> 31:21.244 We need to be inter-operable at the high-end 31:21.244 --> 31:23.345 and also backward inter-operable 31:23.345 --> 31:26.345 with less-capable navies and forces. 31:27.988 --> 31:30.836 We are working hard to upgrade our ability 31:30.836 --> 31:34.003 to be inter-operable with those navies 31:34.380 --> 31:37.668 whose focus is on high-end war fighting, 31:37.668 --> 31:39.903 however recent years have shown 31:39.903 --> 31:43.446 that we need to also make considerable investment 31:43.446 --> 31:46.363 in HADR capabilities in the region. 31:48.948 --> 31:51.865 So, the fleet that we have reflects 31:52.084 --> 31:54.748 the plurality of taskings that we must 31:54.748 --> 31:57.915 be able to achieve for the government. 31:58.132 --> 32:00.836 To my mind however, the critical area 32:00.836 --> 32:04.503 in achieving inter-operability is in people. 32:04.900 --> 32:06.540 While contemporary magazines often 32:06.540 --> 32:08.324 focus on the movement of information 32:08.324 --> 32:11.241 or passing of orders that achieve a 32:11.636 --> 32:14.219 coherent and expected response, 32:15.516 --> 32:19.433 and most frequently that's focused on machines, 32:20.245 --> 32:22.148 the development of machines, as we've heard today, 32:22.148 --> 32:26.028 that can talk to each other is relatively easily done. 32:26.028 --> 32:28.541 But the ability of two naval officers, 32:28.541 --> 32:32.708 from different countries, separated by a common language, 32:33.100 --> 32:35.388 to understand each other, to understand 32:35.388 --> 32:38.701 how each other ticks, how they will respond, 32:38.701 --> 32:41.948 make a decision is a far greater challenge 32:41.948 --> 32:45.198 and one that we invest in the lifetime. 32:45.788 --> 32:48.012 This morning, Admiral Richardson spoke 32:48.012 --> 32:51.262 of his key challenge in terms of speed. 32:51.516 --> 32:53.812 In terms of the inter-operability of people, 32:53.812 --> 32:57.471 it's the speed of thought and the speed of decision 32:57.471 --> 33:01.434 the speed of understanding which is important here. 33:01.434 --> 33:04.563 In February of last year, a severe tropical cyclone 33:04.563 --> 33:07.813 caused significant devastation to Fiji. 33:08.314 --> 33:11.290 The response to Winston, the tropical cyclone 33:11.290 --> 33:14.250 from the defense forces of Australia and New Zealand 33:14.250 --> 33:16.451 was tailored on the geographical area 33:16.451 --> 33:19.868 to which each defense force was assigned. 33:20.754 --> 33:24.690 As two militaries go, our equipment is very inter-operable, 33:24.690 --> 33:26.850 and with the objective being from a capability 33:26.850 --> 33:28.767 point of view at least, 33:28.898 --> 33:31.266 that we are able to achieve integration 33:31.266 --> 33:33.516 at the force element level. 33:33.987 --> 33:35.514 What was more telling, was the need 33:35.514 --> 33:38.514 for a coordinated regional approach. 33:39.138 --> 33:41.261 While Fiji very professionally controlled 33:41.261 --> 33:45.428 the delivery of aid from a geographical point of view, 33:46.050 --> 33:49.596 it was the abilities of Australia and New Zealand's 33:49.596 --> 33:53.513 disaster relief agencies, MFET and DFET as well 33:53.947 --> 33:57.401 as PAYCOM and the joint commands that implemented 33:57.401 --> 34:00.318 change based upon agreed procedures 34:00.338 --> 34:02.755 to deliver aid into the area. 34:03.570 --> 34:05.730 The inter-operability of ideas and approaches 34:05.730 --> 34:09.066 and values at the strategic and operational level 34:09.066 --> 34:11.316 was well demonstrated here. 34:12.066 --> 34:14.370 The relationships developed and exercised 34:14.370 --> 34:16.140 at the national level allowed 34:16.140 --> 34:17.770 for effective planning 34:17.770 --> 34:20.554 and the coordination of desegregated forces 34:20.554 --> 34:23.218 across a wide area of the Pacific to achieve 34:23.218 --> 34:24.801 a unified response. 34:26.754 --> 34:30.018 Another example of inter-operability comes 34:30.018 --> 34:31.922 from our lessons learned from a recent 34:31.922 --> 34:34.672 earthquake we suffered last year. 34:36.266 --> 34:40.433 A complex magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck the North 34:40.475 --> 34:44.392 of the South island of New Zealand in November. 34:44.714 --> 34:47.138 It caused a number of slips to occur 34:47.138 --> 34:51.305 which effectively blocked off land access to the region. 34:52.122 --> 34:55.645 Those isolated by the earthquake were a mixture 34:55.645 --> 34:58.062 of local and overseas people. 35:00.122 --> 35:03.955 Loss of life and severe injuries were minimal. 35:04.178 --> 35:07.514 But access to vital sustenance type supplies 35:07.514 --> 35:11.514 was restricted and it required an NZDF response. 35:13.445 --> 35:17.202 Our response was a joint Navy, Air Force and Army effort. 35:17.202 --> 35:19.130 However, because the region was cut off 35:19.130 --> 35:21.306 from land resupply and evacuation, 35:21.306 --> 35:25.035 it was a coordinated maritime and aviation effort 35:25.035 --> 35:27.952 required to achieve the evacuation. 35:28.115 --> 35:30.865 At this time we were lucky enough 35:31.178 --> 35:32.794 to have a number of countries 35:32.794 --> 35:34.298 with their maritime assets 35:34.298 --> 35:36.131 in or around Auckland. 35:36.688 --> 35:38.771 The speed with which participating countries 35:38.771 --> 35:41.506 offered support to our HADR efforts 35:41.506 --> 35:45.673 was a key indicator of the benefits of strong relationships. 35:46.138 --> 35:50.221 Australia, Chile, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, 35:51.538 --> 35:55.705 China, Japan, Canada, and U.S. all offered their supports. 35:59.262 --> 36:02.213 The relief effort consisted initially of 36:02.213 --> 36:05.093 flights conducted by reconnaissance aircraft 36:05.093 --> 36:08.093 from Japan, the U.S. and New Zealand 36:08.821 --> 36:11.622 and a maritime detachment to conduct rapid 36:11.622 --> 36:15.205 environmental assessment was also deployed. 36:15.485 --> 36:18.150 This was closely followed by a multi-national 36:18.150 --> 36:21.398 maritime task group who conducted a non-combatant 36:21.398 --> 36:23.065 evacuation operation 36:23.733 --> 36:26.262 and used in particular their embarked helicopter 36:26.262 --> 36:28.512 support to provide supplies 36:28.822 --> 36:30.845 and conduct support operations 36:30.845 --> 36:33.178 until roads could be cleared 36:33.621 --> 36:36.621 to enable convoy access to the area. 36:37.560 --> 36:40.381 We provided hundreds of tons of equipment and food 36:40.381 --> 36:42.798 by helicopter from the ships, 36:43.093 --> 36:46.454 provided relief parties for those ashore, 36:46.454 --> 36:48.954 we evacuated over 1000 people, 36:48.976 --> 36:51.943 many of whom were tourists from your countries, 36:51.943 --> 36:53.110 mostly by sea. 36:54.885 --> 36:56.998 The response in this case demonstrated 36:56.998 --> 36:59.749 how sea power offers the opportunity 36:59.749 --> 37:03.082 to maneuver, provide presence and poise. 37:05.117 --> 37:09.117 It also underscored the value of naval aviation, 37:10.861 --> 37:13.501 hydrographic survey and sea lift 37:13.501 --> 37:16.127 and the ability to exchange information 37:16.127 --> 37:18.377 between the forces engaged. 37:19.477 --> 37:21.899 Now the New Zealand government expects the NZDF 37:21.899 --> 37:25.066 to develop the capability to lead HADR 37:25.150 --> 37:27.233 in the Southwest Pacific. 37:27.334 --> 37:30.181 This was required from our defense white paper, 37:30.181 --> 37:33.514 and was proven in this most recent case. 37:33.685 --> 37:36.469 It also requires us to ensure that we 37:36.469 --> 37:39.733 are able to inter-operate with forces in the region 37:39.733 --> 37:42.110 to assist others, and we know that we will 37:42.110 --> 37:45.193 not go it alone in this circumstance. 37:46.169 --> 37:49.025 To support the case of strengthening relationships 37:49.025 --> 37:52.130 through inter-operability, it was participation 37:52.130 --> 37:54.865 in other partner-building exercises 37:54.865 --> 37:56.757 over the previous months 37:56.757 --> 37:58.957 that enabled the multi-national task force 37:58.957 --> 38:00.540 to respond swiftly. 38:01.314 --> 38:03.481 The C2 structures that were in place 38:03.481 --> 38:06.064 during exercise Runpeck enabled 38:06.073 --> 38:07.884 the effective inter-operability 38:07.884 --> 38:10.169 of the U.S., Canadian, Australian 38:10.169 --> 38:14.336 and New Zealand maritime assets chosen to respond. 38:14.833 --> 38:18.416 As an example, one of our Frigates had been 38:18.649 --> 38:21.899 closely working with the Canadian Frigates Vancouver, 38:21.899 --> 38:26.066 Darwin we knew well, and the Sampson, well we knew the type. 38:28.107 --> 38:31.155 Furthermore, our Maritime Component Commander 38:31.155 --> 38:35.009 had in the same exercise, lead the amphibious task force 38:35.009 --> 38:38.342 and so had built up relationships there. 38:39.329 --> 38:42.369 Other tools of engagement, such as staff courses, 38:42.369 --> 38:45.769 Coalition Forces Maritime Component Commanders Courses, 38:45.769 --> 38:48.225 all provide the people-to-people links 38:48.225 --> 38:52.392 that support effective inter-operabilities between navies, 38:52.401 --> 38:56.057 and it highlights that that particular effort 38:56.057 --> 38:58.224 is not a short-term focus. 38:58.273 --> 39:00.113 Relationships need to be grown, 39:00.113 --> 39:01.841 from the junior level upwards 39:01.841 --> 39:04.841 and be nourished through the career. 39:04.961 --> 39:06.481 Another key lesson learned 39:06.481 --> 39:08.281 from the post-earthquake recovery 39:08.281 --> 39:09.714 was the role of the partnership 39:09.714 --> 39:13.369 between government and non-government agencies. 39:13.369 --> 39:17.369 It's more difficult to achieve inter-operability 39:17.665 --> 39:20.630 with police, ambulance, fire service 39:20.630 --> 39:22.630 the Red Cross and so on, 39:22.729 --> 39:26.896 compared to our Australian, Canadian or U.S. colleagues. 39:30.449 --> 39:34.449 Ultimately, the ability to conduct short notice, 39:34.482 --> 39:36.450 often high emotional, important 39:36.450 --> 39:39.950 and ultimately successful naval operations 39:40.225 --> 39:41.642 depends on trust. 39:42.393 --> 39:46.560 Trust based on capability, relationships and people. 39:47.897 --> 39:50.465 And these take time to develop. 39:50.465 --> 39:52.345 The effectiveness of the partnerships 39:52.345 --> 39:54.609 that supported our response to Kokura 39:54.609 --> 39:57.226 was possible because of the close relationship 39:57.226 --> 40:00.033 we have with Australia and the excellent 40:00.033 --> 40:04.200 working relationships we had with Canada and the U.S., 40:04.929 --> 40:08.401 but the critical part was the people to people links 40:08.401 --> 40:11.401 that allowed us quick reaction times 40:12.025 --> 40:15.858 and demonstrate the key element of naval power 40:15.913 --> 40:19.033 which is the delivery of HADR from the sea. 40:19.033 --> 40:19.866 Thank you. 40:20.985 --> 40:23.235 (applause) 40:25.385 --> 40:26.761 - John, thank you very much. 40:26.761 --> 40:30.209 I think you touched on at least two very important points. 40:30.209 --> 40:34.376 One is the wide variety of naval tasks and missions 40:35.369 --> 40:37.209 that the Navy can receive. 40:37.209 --> 40:39.177 Maritime tasks and missions that the Navy can receive. 40:39.177 --> 40:42.473 From humanitarian disaster relief operations 40:42.473 --> 40:46.207 and that might range to the high end capabilities 40:46.207 --> 40:48.049 that we are to be trained. 40:48.049 --> 40:51.081 Reality has shown that in the last decades 40:51.081 --> 40:54.913 most of our operations were more the conceptually 40:54.913 --> 40:56.163 role of navies. 40:56.977 --> 40:59.649 That's a question to all three of you, 40:59.649 --> 41:03.232 how do you deal with this imbalance between 41:04.257 --> 41:07.007 operational reality and let's say 41:07.156 --> 41:11.323 the training necessity to be trained for the high end? 41:11.756 --> 41:13.673 - I'll have a go first. 41:16.237 --> 41:18.487 Luckily, HADR in our region 41:20.120 --> 41:22.370 is not a common occurrence. 41:22.850 --> 41:26.017 Perhaps only once, maybe twice a year. 41:26.392 --> 41:28.839 So the rest of the time is spent 41:28.839 --> 41:31.922 developing war fighting capabilities. 41:32.107 --> 41:35.130 And then conducting operational deployments 41:35.130 --> 41:38.297 which underscore the level of training 41:38.531 --> 41:40.864 and demonstrate credibility. 41:41.562 --> 41:42.979 So as we can see, 41:45.143 --> 41:47.393 HADR is a contingent output 41:48.175 --> 41:52.342 from the generation of high end military capability. 41:54.023 --> 41:55.523 We spend some time 41:57.748 --> 41:58.714 ensuring our ships 41:58.714 --> 42:00.343 are prepared for these occasions, 42:00.343 --> 42:03.093 but the difficult challenge is on 42:05.114 --> 42:07.331 delivering war fighting capability. 42:07.331 --> 42:09.081 And that's the focus. 42:09.168 --> 42:11.591 We think that if we can do that, 42:11.591 --> 42:14.623 and for example for our primary ships 42:14.623 --> 42:18.487 that deliver HADR in our region for New Zealand 42:18.487 --> 42:21.568 are actually amphibious support ships 42:21.568 --> 42:24.318 and so modest though they may be, 42:24.649 --> 42:26.871 their time is spent concentrating on 42:26.871 --> 42:30.184 working with their Army and Air Force colleagues 42:30.184 --> 42:32.567 to develop that sort of capability. 42:32.567 --> 42:36.234 So we are working at the high end hard stuff 42:37.887 --> 42:42.054 and most frequently when it comes to demonstrating 42:42.407 --> 42:43.932 the worth to the public, 42:43.932 --> 42:47.182 being seen operating in the HADR space. 42:48.132 --> 42:52.299 - If I could just add, having the two branches in the Navy, 42:52.567 --> 42:55.484 the Coast Guard and the Navy Fleet, 42:56.002 --> 42:57.335 we cover all the 42:58.960 --> 43:01.627 sides of the sea power triangle. 43:03.577 --> 43:06.234 So the Coast Guard reaches operating in an area 43:06.234 --> 43:09.145 seven times bigger than the Norwegian mainland, 43:09.145 --> 43:11.354 and from the Arctic to the North Sea. 43:11.354 --> 43:13.187 Our primary responder. 43:13.865 --> 43:18.032 They respond on behalf of all of the Coast Guard tasks 43:19.121 --> 43:21.065 that normally are done for the police, 43:21.065 --> 43:23.282 for search and rescue, fishery protection, 43:23.282 --> 43:25.498 environmental protection and all these things 43:25.498 --> 43:27.581 and also disaster relief. 43:27.802 --> 43:30.313 But they are also the first rescuer for 43:30.313 --> 43:33.074 supporting fishermen from Russia, Denmark, 43:33.074 --> 43:36.074 Sweden, Germany, Spain when they are 43:36.730 --> 43:38.661 operating in these waters. 43:38.661 --> 43:41.744 So they are mainly focused on that so 43:42.265 --> 43:44.221 in our Navy they have two crews. 43:44.221 --> 43:47.804 They sail about 310 days a year on a whole. 43:48.337 --> 43:51.441 Three weeks on, three weeks off, always there. 43:51.441 --> 43:54.358 While the Navy is there, is present 43:56.145 --> 43:58.345 training their warfare skills 43:58.345 --> 44:01.595 but also available if anything happens. 44:01.809 --> 44:03.774 So just by their presence, 44:03.774 --> 44:05.441 they are responding. 44:05.521 --> 44:08.021 I think there is, in our case, 44:09.004 --> 44:12.361 it's not either or, it's both all the time. 44:12.361 --> 44:15.361 But I think it's a good idea to have 44:15.577 --> 44:19.744 OPVs to do the constant presence like the Coast Guard 44:20.249 --> 44:23.249 and the war ships really need to work 44:23.249 --> 44:25.666 on their war fighting skills. 44:25.705 --> 44:28.913 That's a key in today's security situation. 44:28.913 --> 44:30.413 - Thank you, Kari? 44:30.807 --> 44:32.705 - When Finland utilize the policy called 44:32.705 --> 44:35.393 One Rail Policy, and it means for us 44:35.393 --> 44:38.327 that all capabilities, all exercises, 44:38.327 --> 44:42.494 all training of personnel target for our number one task, 44:42.907 --> 44:44.971 and that is defense of their own country. 44:44.971 --> 44:47.231 Meaning, the high end warfare. 44:47.231 --> 44:49.847 And all these capabilities can then be utilized 44:49.847 --> 44:51.847 also in our second tasks 44:52.044 --> 44:55.104 and that is to support the other authorities, 44:55.104 --> 44:56.829 and the third task being 44:56.829 --> 44:58.529 participation international crisis 44:58.529 --> 45:00.362 management operations. 45:00.781 --> 45:02.993 So mainly annually, we, let's say capability 45:02.993 --> 45:05.342 development programs goes according to 45:05.342 --> 45:09.158 the high end warfare and these capability needs. 45:09.158 --> 45:11.191 But the annual training cycle, 45:11.191 --> 45:12.909 as we still have conscription 45:12.909 --> 45:16.209 is based on the fact you train for the war fighting tasks 45:16.209 --> 45:19.910 but we have several training opportunities also 45:19.910 --> 45:22.141 for example with the border guard, 45:22.141 --> 45:24.445 the police in counter-terrorism, 45:24.445 --> 45:26.862 which is police related task, 45:27.593 --> 45:29.829 and in that sense we give assistance 45:29.829 --> 45:31.853 to the other authorities. 45:31.853 --> 45:33.797 And on the maritime side for example, 45:33.797 --> 45:37.709 we have a combined maritime picture based on the old 45:37.709 --> 45:41.876 authorities that in Finland actually serves at the seas. 45:41.965 --> 45:43.632 So we combined this. 45:44.141 --> 45:47.285 And the third task being the participation 45:47.285 --> 45:48.445 in crisis management operations, 45:48.445 --> 45:51.061 meaning that we also use these capabilities, 45:51.061 --> 45:53.159 mostly our reservists that are trained 45:53.159 --> 45:57.159 for high end warfare but we then train them also 45:57.470 --> 46:00.997 before they go out to U.N. peacekeeping missions 46:00.997 --> 46:02.965 we train, give an additional training package 46:02.965 --> 46:04.774 for them to be able to serve there. 46:04.774 --> 46:08.774 So, high end warfare is our priority number one. 46:09.990 --> 46:11.424 - The other thing that you have been 46:11.424 --> 46:13.317 mentioning is the personnel. 46:13.317 --> 46:15.509 I think all of you mentioned personnel 46:15.509 --> 46:18.997 as the most precious thing that we have to take care about, 46:18.997 --> 46:22.914 and I still remember talking this morning about 46:23.014 --> 46:27.181 the competitive situation between Navy and industry 46:27.241 --> 46:29.461 fighting for the smartest to get 46:29.461 --> 46:32.211 the right people into the navies. 46:32.878 --> 46:35.998 So I think we all are very much occupied 46:35.998 --> 46:38.014 with recruitment campaigns 46:38.014 --> 46:41.750 and maybe more importantly also how to retain 46:41.750 --> 46:43.582 those people we have got 46:43.582 --> 46:46.442 and to not after let's say a couple of years 46:46.442 --> 46:49.359 let them being sold out to industry 46:50.309 --> 46:52.974 and getting better jobs and better paid. 46:52.974 --> 46:54.845 So my question to all of you is 46:54.845 --> 46:56.271 what are you doing? 46:56.271 --> 46:58.456 First of all, do you have those problems? 46:58.456 --> 47:00.798 And if you have so, what are you doing 47:00.798 --> 47:02.733 to keep your people and what are 47:02.733 --> 47:06.733 you doing to gain or get enough people you need? 47:07.773 --> 47:11.029 - If I may start, I think, you know Norway 47:11.029 --> 47:12.549 is a maritime nation. 47:12.549 --> 47:16.303 It's a nautic nation, so we really need the mariners. 47:16.303 --> 47:17.722 Not only in the military, 47:17.722 --> 47:20.222 we also need them in industry. 47:20.365 --> 47:23.125 I don't think there is an either or. 47:23.125 --> 47:27.231 So I think what many nations are struggling with today 47:27.231 --> 47:29.731 is to keep the mariner skilled 47:30.980 --> 47:32.813 workers on all levels, 47:33.261 --> 47:36.928 not only in navies, because we have left out 47:37.155 --> 47:40.738 those jobs to the other countries with less 47:41.603 --> 47:42.936 costly mariners. 47:43.771 --> 47:47.438 So, in our maritime industry we use a lot of 47:48.312 --> 47:50.779 people from different nations, 47:50.779 --> 47:52.803 and it's a market, it's an open market. 47:52.803 --> 47:53.803 So Norwegian 47:55.811 --> 47:57.644 workers are not cheap. 47:58.355 --> 48:00.355 They are very expensive. 48:00.861 --> 48:02.711 So the maritime industry choose to use 48:02.711 --> 48:05.044 people from other countries. 48:05.915 --> 48:08.964 What I see is the importance that we navies do 48:08.964 --> 48:11.991 in our Navy for instance is that we educate 48:11.991 --> 48:14.158 a lot of skilled mariners. 48:15.610 --> 48:18.777 So I normally have five to six percent 48:19.345 --> 48:22.641 of our officers and CPOs leave the navies 48:22.641 --> 48:24.969 and work in the maritime industry. 48:24.969 --> 48:27.138 And that's good for me, it's good for the nation. 48:27.138 --> 48:30.418 So we just need to have the volume of production 48:30.418 --> 48:34.038 up in our education system to keep it that way. 48:34.038 --> 48:36.621 The other thing is that I think 48:40.104 --> 48:43.670 what we are struggling with is to maintain good working 48:43.670 --> 48:45.837 conditions for our navies. 48:47.570 --> 48:51.403 If you compare with other job situations, like 48:53.491 --> 48:57.075 young people today if you want them to stay in a submarine 48:57.075 --> 48:58.429 for a couple of months 48:58.429 --> 49:00.628 and they're not allowed to use their iPhone 49:00.628 --> 49:03.128 they have a problem with that. 49:04.957 --> 49:07.540 We are working on these issues all the time. 49:07.540 --> 49:09.429 At the moment, we are down on 49:09.429 --> 49:11.324 the maritime industry in Norway, 49:11.324 --> 49:15.491 so about 7.2 percent of my force is leaving every year, 49:15.804 --> 49:18.701 which means I can man the Navy all the time. 49:18.701 --> 49:19.618 No problem. 49:19.652 --> 49:22.428 But in three years time when the oil price is up, 49:22.428 --> 49:26.345 I know there will be a huge demand for maritime 49:28.053 --> 49:30.599 officers in the national industry. 49:30.599 --> 49:34.432 And we shouldn't see that as a negative thing, 49:34.836 --> 49:37.373 it's actually a good thing for Norway. 49:37.373 --> 49:38.206 Thank you. 49:38.324 --> 49:40.657 - [Andreas] Thank you, John? 49:41.921 --> 49:43.780 - It's an interesting question. 49:43.780 --> 49:45.739 First of all, just to specifically go into 49:45.739 --> 49:48.989 some of the points you raised, Andreas. 49:49.146 --> 49:52.063 Our attrition is running at between 49:52.146 --> 49:54.146 seven and eight percent 49:55.725 --> 49:58.683 across the Navy which is what we would regard 49:58.683 --> 50:01.433 as a reasonably healthy turnover. 50:01.914 --> 50:04.414 We've had attrition as high as 50:05.485 --> 50:08.152 23 percent three, four years ago 50:09.892 --> 50:12.866 and we know that we're regenerating the Navy 50:12.866 --> 50:15.616 because of that loss of expertise 50:15.674 --> 50:19.841 and it will take us another 10 or so years to get back up. 50:22.529 --> 50:23.779 So there is the 50:25.645 --> 50:29.728 need to manage as a result of failures in policy, 50:30.122 --> 50:34.146 personnel policy which caused that high attrition. 50:34.146 --> 50:37.418 There's also the need to manage a different demographic. 50:37.418 --> 50:39.962 So, one in four New Zealanders were born 50:39.962 --> 50:41.629 outside New Zealand, 50:43.206 --> 50:45.746 and that creates significant challenges 50:45.746 --> 50:48.590 when it comes to security clearance. 50:48.590 --> 50:51.257 We also have a lot of the people 50:51.836 --> 50:54.243 that are new New Zealanders have no inclination 50:54.243 --> 50:56.576 to participate in a military 50:57.690 --> 50:59.623 or certainly a war fighting force. 50:59.623 --> 51:00.888 Probably the reason why they came to 51:00.888 --> 51:04.888 New Zealand was to escape that sort of activity. 51:06.606 --> 51:09.689 So we have to engage on a wider basis 51:10.607 --> 51:13.274 the rest of New Zealand society. 51:13.561 --> 51:16.339 As we heard this morning with the U.S., 51:16.339 --> 51:19.058 there is a smaller number of people 51:19.058 --> 51:21.308 who are actually fit enough 51:21.340 --> 51:25.340 or predisposed to join the military organization 51:25.595 --> 51:27.845 and that's the same for us. 51:29.319 --> 51:32.319 We have in the Navy, 23% of our 51:33.653 --> 51:35.403 our people are women. 51:35.940 --> 51:40.107 That's a gross under-representation as far as I'm concerned, 51:41.964 --> 51:44.548 and we know that to fight and win, 51:44.548 --> 51:47.131 to prevail across the different 51:47.935 --> 51:51.836 areas of warfare, we have to have the best people. 51:51.836 --> 51:55.690 And that means attracting and retaining in the most 51:55.690 --> 51:59.857 competitive way all of the people that New Zealand 52:00.259 --> 52:03.411 society can produce that can help us do that. 52:03.411 --> 52:05.911 That certainly includes women, 52:06.666 --> 52:10.298 that certainly includes people of different ethnicities. 52:10.298 --> 52:14.381 We need to be a much more inclusive organization. 52:15.082 --> 52:18.665 When it comes to being proactive around the 52:20.831 --> 52:23.491 recruitment and retention of people, 52:23.491 --> 52:26.826 we are actively working on barriers to exit. 52:26.826 --> 52:28.993 And what I mean by that is 52:29.019 --> 52:33.019 proactively, even while we've got low attrition, 52:33.930 --> 52:37.680 I've set up an environment where as you said, 52:39.050 --> 52:43.217 when oil countries or particularly when in our case when 52:43.746 --> 52:45.684 Australia starts hiring again 52:45.684 --> 52:47.147 and the mines start going, 52:47.147 --> 52:50.035 then we need to make sure that we've created 52:50.035 --> 52:52.514 a situation where it's as difficult as possible 52:52.514 --> 52:53.723 for our people to leave. 52:53.723 --> 52:54.556 Why? 52:54.556 --> 52:55.639 We've got the 52:57.747 --> 53:00.247 retention actions and settings 53:01.050 --> 53:04.666 at the right level that allow our people to stay 53:04.666 --> 53:06.827 and that they're not leaving because of an economic 53:06.827 --> 53:09.244 or grossly economic decision. 53:10.676 --> 53:13.009 So it's a complicated issue, 53:14.082 --> 53:16.749 particularly when you have a lot 53:17.019 --> 53:20.114 of new people coming into the country. 53:20.114 --> 53:22.650 And, it's a really good challenge. 53:22.650 --> 53:25.859 It not only affects, of course as you mentioned, 53:25.859 --> 53:29.638 the armed forces, but it also affects industry, 53:29.638 --> 53:32.339 and we understand that we're as you said 53:32.339 --> 53:34.546 feeding industry and supporting them, 53:34.546 --> 53:36.175 it's good for the country. 53:36.175 --> 53:40.342 We're the largest training organization in our country. 53:44.091 --> 53:47.091 And we know that we need to do that. 53:47.127 --> 53:51.044 We also know that we need to work with industry 53:51.091 --> 53:53.937 to allow people to come back in as well. 53:53.937 --> 53:55.427 So having a more mobile workforce 53:55.427 --> 53:57.412 that can rejoin the military 53:57.412 --> 53:59.395 at different times of their career 53:59.395 --> 54:01.820 is also an added bonus as well. 54:01.820 --> 54:04.103 - [Andreas] Thank you, Kari? 54:04.103 --> 54:07.383 - Finland maintains still a general conscription 54:07.383 --> 54:11.401 which is compulsory for men and voluntary for female 54:11.401 --> 54:14.568 and we annually train about 75 percent 54:15.033 --> 54:17.116 of the annual year class. 54:17.825 --> 54:21.992 In fact this is one base for recruitment in the further on. 54:22.305 --> 54:24.969 The second thing here is that the defense 54:24.969 --> 54:27.313 will here in Finland is very high. 54:27.313 --> 54:29.568 About 75 percent, almost 80 percent 54:29.568 --> 54:31.073 of our population is willing 54:31.073 --> 54:33.457 to defend our country if still 54:33.457 --> 54:36.207 the end state of the world crisis 54:36.377 --> 54:37.877 would be in doubt. 54:38.625 --> 54:40.427 And this conscription, 54:40.427 --> 54:41.743 the conscript training system 54:41.743 --> 54:44.169 and also the defense will results 54:44.169 --> 54:46.809 in that we have enough good applicants 54:46.809 --> 54:49.105 for our work, military academies 54:49.105 --> 54:51.313 and also the NCO corps that we have 54:51.313 --> 54:53.730 at the moment re-established. 54:54.284 --> 54:55.823 But during their career, 54:55.823 --> 54:58.240 then yes there are challenges 54:59.761 --> 55:00.993 from an industry side 55:00.993 --> 55:03.985 and we lose some people during their career. 55:03.985 --> 55:05.533 Then at the moment, for example, 55:05.533 --> 55:07.353 when we are trying to establish 55:07.353 --> 55:09.089 our cyber capability, 55:09.089 --> 55:12.057 that's a challenge for you to find the right people. 55:12.057 --> 55:13.724 ICT people is really 55:15.377 --> 55:17.929 few in numbers and it takes time 55:17.929 --> 55:19.753 before our universities 55:19.753 --> 55:22.609 and industry can actually produce them 55:22.609 --> 55:24.377 and then you have to have the industry 55:24.377 --> 55:25.544 then can also, 55:25.625 --> 55:26.825 they usually pay better 55:26.825 --> 55:28.889 so we lose some of the people. 55:28.889 --> 55:30.953 But in general, we don't have problems 55:30.953 --> 55:32.286 with the numbers 55:32.921 --> 55:34.841 and I would say any problems either 55:34.841 --> 55:36.424 with the expertise, 55:36.777 --> 55:38.329 but during the career we lose some 55:38.329 --> 55:41.912 that we then have to find replacements for. 55:42.201 --> 55:43.034 - Thank you very much. 55:43.034 --> 55:44.451 If I may, I would just like to add 55:44.451 --> 55:46.026 some aspects from the German's 55:46.026 --> 55:47.487 perspective as well. 55:47.487 --> 55:49.570 You know, or you may know 55:50.241 --> 55:51.172 that a couple of years ago 55:51.172 --> 55:53.672 we have suspended conscription 55:53.889 --> 55:55.457 and that resulted definitely in 55:55.457 --> 55:59.124 personnel challenges, especially with regard 55:59.145 --> 56:00.937 to engineers who are very well 56:00.937 --> 56:03.520 looked after in civil industry. 56:03.961 --> 56:07.297 So, and as we looked on the demographic factor 56:07.297 --> 56:10.047 we see for the future less people 56:10.873 --> 56:13.817 just being available for the armed forces 56:13.817 --> 56:15.593 so what we have developed is now 56:15.593 --> 56:17.093 new crew concepts. 56:18.258 --> 56:21.685 The new frigate I mentioned earlier in my introduction, 56:21.685 --> 56:24.685 the F125, we will procure four hulls 56:25.625 --> 56:27.521 and we will have eight crews. 56:27.521 --> 56:30.438 None of the crews will be connected 56:30.700 --> 56:32.367 to any of the hulls. 56:32.489 --> 56:34.521 So that will be a totally let's say 56:34.521 --> 56:36.604 flexible or fluid system. 56:38.251 --> 56:41.084 With that we can ensure the people 56:42.201 --> 56:45.067 that their sea going duty in one piece 56:45.067 --> 56:47.537 is limited to four months and not longer. 56:47.537 --> 56:50.486 Because we found out that 180 days plus 56:50.486 --> 56:53.319 every single year is very strongly 56:55.889 --> 56:58.472 attractiveness reducing factor. 57:00.105 --> 57:02.855 So we tried to find a combination 57:04.009 --> 57:06.137 between new recruiting campaigns 57:06.137 --> 57:08.689 but also to increase attractiveness 57:08.689 --> 57:10.569 by creating this multiple crew concept. 57:10.569 --> 57:12.169 And what we found out is 57:12.169 --> 57:15.086 the greatest challenge with that is 57:15.297 --> 57:16.513 the mind setting, 57:16.513 --> 57:18.577 because what has to be avoided 57:18.577 --> 57:20.884 by any means is that they develop 57:20.884 --> 57:23.467 a kind of rental car mentality. 57:23.473 --> 57:24.502 And we have been doing this now 57:24.502 --> 57:25.921 for more than 10 years, 57:25.921 --> 57:28.145 starting with the smaller combatants, 57:28.145 --> 57:29.728 far away from home, 57:29.808 --> 57:31.929 in the Eastern Mediterranean 57:31.929 --> 57:34.762 submarines, FPBs, MCMs and Corvettes 57:36.269 --> 57:38.377 and I can tell you the last experience 57:38.377 --> 57:41.210 that we have had was a K130 Corvette 57:41.353 --> 57:43.593 who was in operations for more than 500 days 57:43.593 --> 57:45.673 and we swapped four times the crew 57:45.673 --> 57:47.585 and that was a success story. 57:47.585 --> 57:50.418 So with that we managed to achieve 57:50.657 --> 57:53.240 much more operational readiness 57:53.305 --> 57:55.601 material wise in the operations area 57:55.601 --> 57:59.768 and at the same time be more attractive for the crews. 57:59.873 --> 58:02.985 Ladies and gentleman there is nearly a half an hour left 58:02.985 --> 58:06.113 and I would like to give the floor to you for questions 58:06.113 --> 58:07.785 and please identify yourself 58:07.785 --> 58:11.952 and keep the questions as short as possible, please. 58:12.509 --> 58:14.595 There will be microphones in ... 58:14.595 --> 58:16.343 - [Admiral Zambellas] I don't need one. 58:16.343 --> 58:17.593 - I'm not sure. 58:19.836 --> 58:21.836 Is there any microphone? 58:22.134 --> 58:23.285 Coming around? 58:23.285 --> 58:24.285 - [Microphone lady] Can you help me on? 58:24.285 --> 58:26.085 - You're coming, okay. 58:26.085 --> 58:27.569 - [Microphone lady] Okay, I sing, I dance, 58:27.569 --> 58:29.652 I do all kinds of things. 58:30.461 --> 58:34.378 - [Admiral Zambellas] Sorry for surprising you. 58:37.052 --> 58:37.885 Thank you. 58:38.860 --> 58:43.027 Admiral Zambellas, friend to many, trouble to some. 58:43.060 --> 58:46.477 Can I return Mr. Chairman to the original 58:47.213 --> 58:50.773 title for this afternoon's panel discussion 58:50.773 --> 58:54.106 which was partnership through innovation 58:54.117 --> 58:55.668 or innovation through partnership 58:55.668 --> 58:58.335 and ask particularly you Andreas 58:58.428 --> 59:01.178 and you Lars how you have managed 59:01.581 --> 59:04.269 to achieve across the complex span 59:04.269 --> 59:06.602 that includes submarines and 59:08.837 --> 59:12.284 low cost autonomous vehicles, or relatively low cost, 59:12.284 --> 59:14.718 have you managed to achieve a strategic 59:14.718 --> 59:18.789 partnership as well as a practical military partnership 59:18.789 --> 59:21.205 and how have you kept industry and the politicians 59:21.205 --> 59:22.788 in the right place? 59:24.852 --> 59:27.284 - Thank you very much Sir, for that question. 59:27.284 --> 59:30.367 Well, it's in the long haul actually. 59:31.093 --> 59:35.189 We started looking for new submarines ten years ago 59:35.189 --> 59:38.598 and I think this is just part of the project. 59:38.598 --> 59:41.821 But I think when we started looking into 59:41.821 --> 59:43.151 buying new submarines, 59:43.151 --> 59:45.428 we had a strategy of making something 59:45.428 --> 59:47.845 that was not to be developed, 59:48.524 --> 59:51.274 but built on existing technology. 59:54.675 --> 59:58.567 So, the last three years in the decision process, 59:58.567 --> 01:00:00.934 our government limited the competition 01:00:00.934 --> 01:00:01.934 down to two, 01:00:02.967 --> 01:00:04.550 France and Germany, 01:00:05.134 --> 01:00:08.301 and we also had this clearly announced 01:00:11.201 --> 01:00:12.597 strategy around that. 01:00:12.597 --> 01:00:15.767 So either you can go on with competition 01:00:15.767 --> 01:00:19.934 or you can have a government to government strategy 01:00:20.533 --> 01:00:22.033 that was favorable 01:00:23.308 --> 01:00:25.308 to choose it right away, 01:00:26.866 --> 01:00:28.366 to be quite frank. 01:00:28.872 --> 01:00:31.893 So, I think there has been a good dialog, 01:00:31.893 --> 01:00:33.414 for instance with the Norwegian Navy, 01:00:33.414 --> 01:00:35.180 the Dutch Navy, with the German Navy, 01:00:35.180 --> 01:00:36.930 with the Polish Navy, 01:00:38.288 --> 01:00:41.871 to harmonize the needs for a new submarine. 01:00:42.908 --> 01:00:45.084 That was the key to that success. 01:00:45.084 --> 01:00:47.285 So when we found out that well, we could 01:00:47.285 --> 01:00:49.624 actually have the same submarine, 01:00:49.624 --> 01:00:52.041 we started looking into well, 01:00:52.292 --> 01:00:55.875 how could we make this most cost efficient? 01:00:56.164 --> 01:00:58.414 Well, that was fairly easy. 01:00:58.834 --> 01:01:01.306 Build the exact same submarine 01:01:01.306 --> 01:01:03.274 with the exact same equipment. 01:01:03.274 --> 01:01:07.107 So you can share the maintenance, spare parts, 01:01:07.610 --> 01:01:10.731 technology development also in the future. 01:01:10.731 --> 01:01:13.238 And there are a number of examples 01:01:13.238 --> 01:01:14.905 of this in the past. 01:01:15.084 --> 01:01:16.917 Like F-16 on aircraft. 01:01:19.139 --> 01:01:21.222 We have the same on F-35. 01:01:22.317 --> 01:01:26.484 So I think we got to the same conclusion this time. 01:01:26.843 --> 01:01:29.300 We wanted to have a strategic partner 01:01:29.300 --> 01:01:30.674 for the reason I described. 01:01:30.674 --> 01:01:32.411 We are a small nation. 01:01:32.411 --> 01:01:34.242 We need to link up with someone 01:01:34.242 --> 01:01:36.075 to have a bigger base. 01:01:39.122 --> 01:01:40.986 So when the Norwegian government 01:01:40.986 --> 01:01:43.653 decided to do this, it was after 01:01:44.394 --> 01:01:45.811 a long discussion 01:01:46.122 --> 01:01:49.539 both with the French and the German government 01:01:49.539 --> 01:01:52.372 and industry, and so they decided. 01:01:53.250 --> 01:01:55.750 It will be a strategic choice. 01:01:56.042 --> 01:01:57.426 The Norwegian Navy and the German Navy 01:01:57.426 --> 01:01:59.323 will work together on submarines 01:01:59.323 --> 01:02:01.156 for the next 40 years. 01:02:01.754 --> 01:02:03.650 And the other choice was 01:02:03.650 --> 01:02:06.900 that the German Navy choose to have the 01:02:08.050 --> 01:02:09.717 naval strike missile 01:02:10.443 --> 01:02:13.610 as their main weapon in the same deal. 01:02:14.147 --> 01:02:16.814 So I think this is smart defense 01:02:21.198 --> 01:02:23.031 to make those choices. 01:02:26.271 --> 01:02:29.839 From my point of view I think as the Chief of the Navy 01:02:29.839 --> 01:02:31.431 I could live with the French solution 01:02:31.431 --> 01:02:32.671 or the German solution, 01:02:32.671 --> 01:02:35.088 they all were very, very good 01:02:35.127 --> 01:02:37.591 and took care of what I needed 01:02:37.591 --> 01:02:40.001 but I think the really important acknowledgement 01:02:40.001 --> 01:02:42.239 is to see the government to government cooperation 01:02:42.239 --> 01:02:46.143 needs to follow to have these kinds of solutions. 01:02:46.143 --> 01:02:47.887 Would you like to add something Andreas? 01:02:47.887 --> 01:02:51.804 - Just add maybe some softer arguments on that. 01:02:52.567 --> 01:02:56.734 You know we have had partnership on submarines for decades. 01:02:57.714 --> 01:03:01.815 40 years ago, German submarines have been in Norwegian 01:03:01.815 --> 01:03:05.474 dock yards, and have been repaired in there. 01:03:05.474 --> 01:03:08.474 So that it is a long tradition that we have 01:03:08.474 --> 01:03:11.749 been working together, understanding each other, 01:03:11.749 --> 01:03:13.018 and having common requirements. 01:03:13.018 --> 01:03:14.698 And I think this was, as you mentioned Lars, 01:03:14.698 --> 01:03:16.738 it was the starting point. 01:03:16.738 --> 01:03:19.650 And therefore, I think this offers also 01:03:19.650 --> 01:03:21.258 with regard to submarine operation, 01:03:21.258 --> 01:03:24.114 offers much more than just the common procurement 01:03:24.114 --> 01:03:27.122 of the same submarine with the same capabilities. 01:03:27.122 --> 01:03:29.290 There is much more that might also go to 01:03:29.290 --> 01:03:33.457 personnel, to common training, to future development. 01:03:33.554 --> 01:03:36.845 This is, I would say, the deepest possible 01:03:36.845 --> 01:03:40.762 partnership and cooperation that I can imagine. 01:03:41.282 --> 01:03:43.682 For the lady over there please. 01:03:43.682 --> 01:03:45.282 - [Mary] Hello, my name is Mary Godshall 01:03:45.282 --> 01:03:48.045 and I'm with Kenexis, a federal contractor. 01:03:48.045 --> 01:03:49.818 I'd like to ask the panel, I went to the 01:03:49.818 --> 01:03:51.674 earlier session on innovation 01:03:51.674 --> 01:03:54.021 and the U.S. Coast Guard was talking about 01:03:54.021 --> 01:03:55.954 how they have implemented a crowd sourcing 01:03:55.954 --> 01:03:58.954 platform across their entire service 01:03:59.338 --> 01:04:00.699 and five percent of their personnel 01:04:00.699 --> 01:04:04.866 are contributing very wonderful ideas for improvements 01:04:05.012 --> 01:04:07.482 and they are implementing a lot of these ideas, 01:04:07.482 --> 01:04:09.250 and I just wondered if you're using any 01:04:09.250 --> 01:04:12.122 crowd sourcing platform, kind of like kickstart 01:04:12.122 --> 01:04:13.228 that we have in the U.S., 01:04:13.228 --> 01:04:16.179 anything like that across your different navies 01:04:16.179 --> 01:04:18.906 and if so, do you envision some inter-operability 01:04:18.906 --> 01:04:21.314 where the German Navy might share some best 01:04:21.314 --> 01:04:25.064 practice ideas with the Norwegian Navy, etc.? 01:04:26.866 --> 01:04:27.699 - [Andreas] Could you get that? 01:04:27.699 --> 01:04:28.532 - [Kari] No. 01:04:28.532 --> 01:04:29.490 - [John] No. 01:04:29.490 --> 01:04:30.354 - [Lars] There's too much echo. 01:04:30.354 --> 01:04:34.074 - [Andreas] Sorry, the acoustic is rather poor. 01:04:34.074 --> 01:04:37.991 Even our New Zealand friend hasn't acoustically 01:04:38.082 --> 01:04:39.612 understood your question. 01:04:39.612 --> 01:04:41.430 - Can we ask you to ask the question again please? 01:04:41.430 --> 01:04:42.263 I'm sorry. 01:04:42.263 --> 01:04:45.346 - [Mary] Want me to just yell it out? 01:04:45.466 --> 01:04:47.383 - You can have a crack. 01:04:50.050 --> 01:04:51.786 - I think it's the loud speakers. 01:04:51.786 --> 01:04:54.869 That is creating a kind of echo here. 01:04:57.266 --> 01:04:58.362 - [Mary] Can you hear me now? 01:04:58.362 --> 01:05:00.074 - [Panel] Yes, yes, we can hear you now. 01:05:00.074 --> 01:05:01.202 - [Mary] My name is Mary Godshall 01:05:01.202 --> 01:05:03.666 and I'm with Kenxis, a federal contractor. 01:05:03.666 --> 01:05:05.466 And at the panel earlier today, 01:05:05.466 --> 01:05:08.213 they talked about innovation in the U.S. Coast Guard 01:05:08.213 --> 01:05:10.796 and how they're using a crowd sourcing platform 01:05:10.796 --> 01:05:12.640 a crowd sourcing platform, 01:05:12.640 --> 01:05:14.418 and they've gotten five percent of the Coast Guard 01:05:14.418 --> 01:05:16.843 personnel to contribute ideas which they 01:05:16.843 --> 01:05:19.858 are implementing to improve the Coast Guard. 01:05:19.858 --> 01:05:21.605 And I wanted to ask you gentlemen 01:05:21.605 --> 01:05:24.354 if you're using crowd sourcing to mine 01:05:24.354 --> 01:05:27.418 best practice ideas from everyone across 01:05:27.418 --> 01:05:30.290 your entire areas of service and if 01:05:30.290 --> 01:05:32.730 there might be some potential for the Germans 01:05:32.730 --> 01:05:34.970 to contribute best practice ideas to 01:05:34.970 --> 01:05:38.470 the Norwegians, and to the New Zealanders? 01:05:39.821 --> 01:05:40.654 - Okay. 01:05:40.654 --> 01:05:42.258 - Thank you very much. 01:05:42.258 --> 01:05:43.675 - Crowd sourcing. 01:05:44.262 --> 01:05:45.095 - Do you want to start? 01:05:45.095 --> 01:05:45.928 - Okay, please. 01:05:45.928 --> 01:05:48.428 - How we share best practices? 01:05:49.954 --> 01:05:53.602 Well, I think we share best practices in many ways. 01:05:53.602 --> 01:05:55.938 Like Kari was mentioning within NATO 01:05:55.938 --> 01:05:58.771 we have a system of sharing things 01:05:59.163 --> 01:06:02.386 within the armament, shipbuilding process 01:06:02.386 --> 01:06:03.586 and those things. 01:06:03.586 --> 01:06:06.842 So that's a very formal meeting structure 01:06:06.842 --> 01:06:10.342 where the material commands normally meet. 01:06:10.602 --> 01:06:13.102 But we also have for instance, 01:06:13.504 --> 01:06:16.751 within the Coast Guard service, for instance 01:06:16.751 --> 01:06:20.918 I think the bottom up approach in sharing information 01:06:23.795 --> 01:06:27.464 about good ideas is something we maintain in the Navy 01:06:27.464 --> 01:06:29.297 and in the Coast Guard 01:06:29.833 --> 01:06:34.000 and we use that to constantly developing our system. 01:06:35.904 --> 01:06:36.904 Like the ... 01:06:38.828 --> 01:06:42.646 Mine Counter Measure system, that grew from our 01:06:42.646 --> 01:06:44.146 mine warfare guys. 01:06:45.702 --> 01:06:49.869 But they meet with their colleagues in Acraminda in Belgium 01:06:52.686 --> 01:06:56.019 as a mine counter measure hub in Europe. 01:06:57.010 --> 01:06:59.593 So they share information about 01:06:59.626 --> 01:07:02.459 how the different equipment works, 01:07:02.466 --> 01:07:04.383 what is better, what is 01:07:05.274 --> 01:07:06.274 not so good, 01:07:07.338 --> 01:07:10.954 so I think that is the strength of these nations 01:07:10.954 --> 01:07:12.962 we are talking about in Europe. 01:07:12.962 --> 01:07:15.462 We share a lot of information. 01:07:16.802 --> 01:07:18.626 And we do that within the NATO frame, 01:07:18.626 --> 01:07:22.043 we do that also in the Nordic frame a lot 01:07:23.922 --> 01:07:26.810 and we see that as a very important tool 01:07:26.810 --> 01:07:28.227 to stay up front. 01:07:30.514 --> 01:07:34.610 You asked, I think, specifically about Coast Guard. 01:07:34.610 --> 01:07:37.338 And so for instance in the North Atlantic Coast Guard 01:07:37.338 --> 01:07:39.088 forum there is groups 01:07:40.205 --> 01:07:42.955 of where all nations sit together 01:07:43.178 --> 01:07:46.338 and they are tasked part of this forum to see 01:07:46.338 --> 01:07:49.170 can we give a recommendation of future development 01:07:49.170 --> 01:07:52.002 on this item, or this item, and this item. 01:07:52.002 --> 01:07:55.335 So these groups meet in the lead nation, 01:07:55.714 --> 01:07:59.509 and they discuss and share and then present it 01:07:59.509 --> 01:08:02.594 on a yearly basis when the North Atlantic Coast Guard 01:08:02.594 --> 01:08:03.594 forum meets. 01:08:04.370 --> 01:08:05.870 So I find it quite 01:08:07.895 --> 01:08:12.062 impressive to see how much information are shared. 01:08:14.210 --> 01:08:16.960 So I think there is a good system 01:08:17.218 --> 01:08:20.968 among friendly nation with regard to sharing. 01:08:22.154 --> 01:08:22.987 Thank you. 01:08:23.337 --> 01:08:25.068 - [Andreas] John, would you like to add something? 01:08:25.068 --> 01:08:27.591 - It's an interesting question. 01:08:27.591 --> 01:08:31.091 Crowd sourcing and the harvesting of ideas 01:08:31.190 --> 01:08:33.523 from a wide range of people. 01:08:35.049 --> 01:08:37.593 To my mind it really depends on a 01:08:37.593 --> 01:08:40.169 really good information exchange 01:08:40.169 --> 01:08:42.201 and connectivity and I'm thinking here 01:08:42.201 --> 01:08:44.217 particularly when it comes to the internet 01:08:44.217 --> 01:08:45.467 the ability to, 01:08:46.967 --> 01:08:49.384 we have in New Zealand people 01:08:49.547 --> 01:08:52.380 who source funding in this regard. 01:08:55.057 --> 01:08:58.390 That's probably not a way we do business 01:08:58.962 --> 01:09:00.295 in the military. 01:09:01.401 --> 01:09:05.234 There are discrete areas of military activity, 01:09:05.441 --> 01:09:07.777 particularly in the intelligence space 01:09:07.777 --> 01:09:11.944 where we source from let's just say the cloud or the crowd 01:09:12.849 --> 01:09:14.099 in terms of the 01:09:16.324 --> 01:09:18.991 addressing of specific problems. 01:09:20.457 --> 01:09:23.790 We go out and do think tanks in terms of 01:09:27.177 --> 01:09:30.344 trying to harvest new ideas and so on. 01:09:30.516 --> 01:09:33.349 But that ability to link everyone, 01:09:34.665 --> 01:09:37.921 in the same way, in the same ubiquitous manner 01:09:37.921 --> 01:09:39.838 that the internet does, 01:09:40.696 --> 01:09:43.505 we haven't seen that tendency yet. 01:09:43.505 --> 01:09:45.865 And I think that's mainly because of the technology 01:09:45.865 --> 01:09:50.032 that we use that doesn't support that sort of approach. 01:09:50.625 --> 01:09:54.375 That doesn't mean that we're closed to ideas, 01:09:54.947 --> 01:09:56.689 there are a number of ways that new ideas 01:09:56.689 --> 01:09:58.522 can certainly come up. 01:09:59.089 --> 01:10:00.589 But the ability to 01:10:01.822 --> 01:10:04.697 to have those ideas reinforce themselves 01:10:04.697 --> 01:10:05.937 and get turned around 01:10:05.937 --> 01:10:08.294 the public domain if you will, 01:10:08.294 --> 01:10:09.394 in a way that I think you're 01:10:09.394 --> 01:10:10.879 talking about in terms of crowd sourcing 01:10:10.879 --> 01:10:13.378 and the way that the Coast Guard was talking about, 01:10:13.378 --> 01:10:15.369 that's not something we're doing. 01:10:15.369 --> 01:10:16.649 It's a good idea though. 01:10:16.649 --> 01:10:18.689 It's just not something that we're doing at the moment. 01:10:18.689 --> 01:10:19.522 Thank you. 01:10:20.784 --> 01:10:23.617 - [Andreas] Any further questions? 01:10:27.662 --> 01:10:29.799 - [Aaron] Hi gentlemen, in the back. 01:10:29.799 --> 01:10:32.382 Aaron Meadow with Defense News. 01:10:32.551 --> 01:10:34.503 I wanted to ask about the geopolitical 01:10:34.503 --> 01:10:36.420 situation a little bit. 01:10:36.511 --> 01:10:38.678 Obviously with the Brexit, 01:10:38.719 --> 01:10:41.071 that certainly doesn't affect NATO directly, 01:10:41.071 --> 01:10:42.799 but there's been some concerns 01:10:42.799 --> 01:10:45.679 that could impact industrial participation. 01:10:45.679 --> 01:10:48.279 You've talked about some of the industrial 01:10:48.279 --> 01:10:49.702 participation in the past, 01:10:49.702 --> 01:10:52.079 how teaming with the U.K. or other countries 01:10:52.079 --> 01:10:53.691 really helps you out. 01:10:53.691 --> 01:10:55.702 Are you at all concerned about the impact 01:10:55.702 --> 01:10:57.647 from Brexit or any of the other things 01:10:57.647 --> 01:10:59.224 that are going on in the world kind of 01:10:59.224 --> 01:11:02.974 on the industrial participation part of this? 01:11:06.351 --> 01:11:08.094 - I'll take on the role of moderator, 01:11:08.094 --> 01:11:10.177 who would like to answer? 01:11:11.966 --> 01:11:13.823 - I'm sorry, I had real trouble just 01:11:13.823 --> 01:11:15.990 trying to figure that out. 01:11:16.199 --> 01:11:17.866 Could you ask again? 01:11:17.935 --> 01:11:21.334 I'm sorry, the acoustics here are not that great. 01:11:21.334 --> 01:11:22.847 - It's about Brexit and the influence of 01:11:22.847 --> 01:11:25.430 the Brexit on the collaboration 01:11:25.903 --> 01:11:27.653 and industrial basis. 01:11:28.103 --> 01:11:29.287 - No wonder I didn't get it. 01:11:29.287 --> 01:11:30.311 Over to you guys. 01:11:30.311 --> 01:11:32.439 (panel laughs) 01:11:32.439 --> 01:11:33.439 - Would you? 01:11:33.838 --> 01:11:35.671 - Yeah, you do Brexit. 01:11:40.690 --> 01:11:43.023 - I would say that, you know 01:11:43.203 --> 01:11:46.203 the situation in Europe is difficult 01:11:47.536 --> 01:11:48.703 at the moment. 01:11:49.011 --> 01:11:50.844 What we see in Europe, 01:11:51.635 --> 01:11:54.718 in lieu of the new security situation 01:11:56.214 --> 01:11:58.297 is an attack on cohesion. 01:11:59.115 --> 01:12:02.660 Not only in the EU but in NATO and other places. 01:12:02.660 --> 01:12:05.195 And you should think about that and reflect 01:12:05.195 --> 01:12:08.945 whether this is a result of deliberate policy 01:12:09.667 --> 01:12:11.000 by some nations. 01:12:11.995 --> 01:12:14.107 But the consequences of Brexit 01:12:14.107 --> 01:12:15.857 is not for us to say. 01:12:16.115 --> 01:12:19.155 You have to ask the Brits about that. 01:12:19.155 --> 01:12:22.251 The U.K. will still be the most important, 01:12:22.251 --> 01:12:26.418 or one of the most important key countries in NATO, 01:12:27.235 --> 01:12:29.402 ensuring security in NATO. 01:12:29.403 --> 01:12:33.003 They are also a huge supporter in EU security debate. 01:12:33.003 --> 01:12:36.587 And that should be a challenge perhaps in the future. 01:12:36.587 --> 01:12:39.504 But as such, we still see that U.K. 01:12:41.528 --> 01:12:44.028 and NATO and our countries are 01:12:47.020 --> 01:12:49.020 very close and committed 01:12:49.787 --> 01:12:53.537 to defend each other in the alliance context. 01:12:54.499 --> 01:12:57.332 But, my country is not part of EU. 01:12:59.147 --> 01:13:01.647 So, I have no comment on that. 01:13:01.794 --> 01:13:05.411 - As sitting more or less in the middle of Europe, 01:13:05.411 --> 01:13:08.931 I would say it is crystal clear that even after Brexit, 01:13:08.931 --> 01:13:11.955 Europe needs the U.K. and the other way around. 01:13:11.955 --> 01:13:13.788 The U.K. needs Europe. 01:13:14.507 --> 01:13:18.674 With regard to partnerships, in the security area, 01:13:19.538 --> 01:13:23.705 I think there is no doubt we will have to find proper ways 01:13:24.083 --> 01:13:26.916 to collaborate also in the future. 01:13:27.323 --> 01:13:29.467 This is now a political process that has 01:13:29.467 --> 01:13:31.300 just recently started. 01:13:31.731 --> 01:13:34.963 It will last about two years and we will see 01:13:34.963 --> 01:13:37.963 what the political negotiations will lead to. 01:13:37.963 --> 01:13:40.508 But for military, and that is what I am speaking about, 01:13:40.508 --> 01:13:42.515 is now that there is no other option 01:13:42.515 --> 01:13:46.348 and we will continue to very closely cooperate 01:13:47.131 --> 01:13:48.964 and there will be also 01:13:50.714 --> 01:13:54.381 there is a need for strategic collaboration, 01:13:55.187 --> 01:13:58.587 strategic partnerships, and NATO is the perfect 01:13:58.587 --> 01:14:00.754 venue to make this happen. 01:14:01.379 --> 01:14:05.051 And therefore, NATO sets, as said earlier, sets 01:14:05.051 --> 01:14:07.027 the standards for inter-operability 01:14:07.027 --> 01:14:11.147 for procedures, for language, for working together 01:14:11.147 --> 01:14:13.647 and therefore as military men, 01:14:14.130 --> 01:14:17.963 I don't see any negative implications on that. 01:14:22.179 --> 01:14:24.715 There is time for at least one more questions. 01:14:24.715 --> 01:14:25.632 Yes please. 01:14:34.570 --> 01:14:36.818 - [Gary] My name is Gary Mauppin, 01:14:36.818 --> 01:14:39.151 I'm a retired DOD executive. 01:14:41.619 --> 01:14:45.203 If you look at inter-operability and challenges 01:14:45.203 --> 01:14:48.036 and working together at or across, 01:14:49.647 --> 01:14:53.126 when Germany unified that must have been a 01:14:53.126 --> 01:14:57.293 major inter-operability change in culture and so forth. 01:14:58.702 --> 01:15:00.452 How was that handled? 01:15:00.934 --> 01:15:04.055 That seems to be one of the biggest challenges 01:15:04.055 --> 01:15:06.784 people have faced in a long time. 01:15:06.784 --> 01:15:09.726 So if you might talk a little bit about that. 01:15:09.726 --> 01:15:10.639 - Thank you. 01:15:10.639 --> 01:15:11.862 Thank you for that question because 01:15:11.862 --> 01:15:13.558 when you talk about this unique opportunity 01:15:13.558 --> 01:15:17.725 of unification, I still feel a kind of shiver on my back. 01:15:19.617 --> 01:15:23.117 It is that we are now meanwhile in year 27 01:15:26.007 --> 01:15:28.174 of being a unified Germany 01:15:28.687 --> 01:15:30.942 with a unified armed forces. 01:15:30.942 --> 01:15:33.942 And if you had asked me 40 years ago 01:15:34.574 --> 01:15:36.886 whether I could imagine to be one day 01:15:36.886 --> 01:15:39.303 at the end of my career, a Navy Chief first, 01:15:39.303 --> 01:15:40.758 I would have laughed, 01:15:40.758 --> 01:15:42.191 and second, if you had told me 01:15:42.191 --> 01:15:44.126 that my headquarters would be in Rostock, 01:15:44.126 --> 01:15:46.038 which was the former GDR, 01:15:46.038 --> 01:15:49.415 I would have thought that you are totally crazy. 01:15:49.415 --> 01:15:51.915 But nowadays, this is reality. 01:15:51.990 --> 01:15:53.907 And I think the biggest 01:15:55.830 --> 01:15:58.710 or the most successful pre-condition 01:15:58.710 --> 01:16:01.462 to make this so successfully happen 01:16:01.462 --> 01:16:04.962 was that there was no winner and no loser. 01:16:05.671 --> 01:16:08.617 We immediately, we after unification, 01:16:08.617 --> 01:16:11.617 we built up bases in the former GDR, 01:16:12.118 --> 01:16:14.863 and with that showed that there is different 01:16:14.863 --> 01:16:18.196 attitude of military, different behavior 01:16:18.790 --> 01:16:21.957 and that created trust and confidence. 01:16:21.990 --> 01:16:24.950 And nowadays, in the German armed forces 01:16:24.950 --> 01:16:26.975 you will not be able to recognize, 01:16:26.975 --> 01:16:30.191 apart from the dialect where the people come from. 01:16:30.191 --> 01:16:32.608 And this is a big achievement 01:16:33.527 --> 01:16:35.277 and we still are also 01:16:38.010 --> 01:16:40.010 a little bit of proud of 01:16:40.126 --> 01:16:42.358 what we have achieved at that time. 01:16:42.358 --> 01:16:45.441 Because it lead to the totally change 01:16:45.958 --> 01:16:47.375 of the situation. 01:16:47.742 --> 01:16:50.492 Nevertheless, we talked about the 01:16:51.670 --> 01:16:53.837 shrinking of armed forces, 01:16:54.878 --> 01:16:58.470 also of the boonisphere in the last 27 years, 01:16:58.470 --> 01:17:01.118 maybe we have been a little bit too optimistic 01:17:01.118 --> 01:17:04.368 with regards to the future developments 01:17:04.601 --> 01:17:07.601 and nobody at that time had foreseen 01:17:07.831 --> 01:17:11.998 what Russia in 2014 and in the following years did. 01:17:13.271 --> 01:17:17.438 And so I'm glad, from the white paper that has been 01:17:17.761 --> 01:17:19.594 published last summer, 01:17:19.686 --> 01:17:23.769 in addition to the participation in the stability 01:17:25.343 --> 01:17:28.407 in the peace security operations that we have now 01:17:28.407 --> 01:17:31.240 at the same balance the capability 01:17:31.455 --> 01:17:35.538 and the need to contribute to collective defense, 01:17:36.615 --> 01:17:38.198 a national defense, 01:17:38.358 --> 01:17:41.108 and that would definitely need to 01:17:42.302 --> 01:17:45.219 a higher budget in our armed forces 01:17:48.326 --> 01:17:49.576 and this is now 01:17:50.751 --> 01:17:53.001 unanimously agreed decision 01:17:53.519 --> 01:17:55.817 and just recently the Chancellor again 01:17:55.817 --> 01:17:58.567 has actively stated that she will 01:18:00.230 --> 01:18:03.313 really work for us for a further rise 01:18:05.006 --> 01:18:06.958 of the defense budget in Germany. 01:18:06.958 --> 01:18:09.606 We have understood that we have to contribute 01:18:09.606 --> 01:18:12.939 in that role and we are now in the phase 01:18:13.119 --> 01:18:14.231 of the turn around, but I can tell you 01:18:14.231 --> 01:18:16.314 that it is not that easy. 01:18:16.894 --> 01:18:18.679 Because those three trend changes 01:18:18.679 --> 01:18:20.239 that we now have with regard to 01:18:20.239 --> 01:18:22.989 finances, material, and personnel 01:18:24.439 --> 01:18:26.689 that have different speeds. 01:18:26.951 --> 01:18:29.703 And now again we are in a situation 01:18:29.703 --> 01:18:32.786 of convincing people or making people 01:18:33.438 --> 01:18:35.615 to change their mindsetting. 01:18:35.615 --> 01:18:38.401 All of the mindsetting in the past was 01:18:38.401 --> 01:18:39.234 shrinking. 01:18:40.718 --> 01:18:44.885 Why do we need this man or this woman at this place? 01:18:45.246 --> 01:18:47.841 Now we have to be much more proactive, 01:18:47.841 --> 01:18:50.758 also internally in the armed forces 01:18:51.601 --> 01:18:55.768 and to develop creative ideas and to make things happen. 01:18:57.070 --> 01:18:59.422 And with regard to CNO this morning 01:18:59.422 --> 01:19:02.755 who complained about too slow processes, 01:19:03.006 --> 01:19:05.339 I can totally agree to that. 01:19:05.559 --> 01:19:08.726 Now we have to speed up the processes. 01:19:08.958 --> 01:19:11.708 We have to look where bureaucracy 01:19:11.767 --> 01:19:15.350 administration is hampering and not helpful 01:19:16.727 --> 01:19:20.207 in order to achieve this very ambitious goal. 01:19:20.207 --> 01:19:21.342 - Can I ask a supplementary? 01:19:21.342 --> 01:19:22.175 - Sure. 01:19:22.374 --> 01:19:26.078 - It's about the integration of two different cultures. 01:19:26.078 --> 01:19:28.245 So it's not just equipment 01:19:30.202 --> 01:19:33.952 and bases, but it's also procedures, careers. 01:19:37.329 --> 01:19:41.329 It's a unique activity in the history of navies. 01:19:41.519 --> 01:19:44.584 I just wondered, have you got any other insights into that? 01:19:44.584 --> 01:19:46.174 In terms of culture? 01:19:46.174 --> 01:19:50.341 - So with regard to material, we didn't take over any stuff. 01:19:50.742 --> 01:19:52.206 Because it was too complicated, 01:19:52.206 --> 01:19:54.110 different logistical systems 01:19:54.110 --> 01:19:56.543 and that would have ended in a nightmare. 01:19:56.543 --> 01:19:57.922 With regard to personnel, 01:19:57.922 --> 01:20:00.005 we decided very carefully 01:20:00.303 --> 01:20:02.803 whom to offer a future career. 01:20:03.542 --> 01:20:05.542 So we kept some people at that time 01:20:05.542 --> 01:20:08.292 for a while under time contracts. 01:20:12.375 --> 01:20:14.943 And I think nearly every officer was lowered 01:20:14.943 --> 01:20:17.062 at least one rank because we found out 01:20:17.062 --> 01:20:20.126 that they had a different rank responsibility 01:20:20.126 --> 01:20:22.376 structure compared to ours. 01:20:24.086 --> 01:20:26.419 And the rest took just time. 01:20:27.526 --> 01:20:29.822 Took time, patience, lots of talking, 01:20:29.822 --> 01:20:32.405 understanding and mind setting. 01:20:34.726 --> 01:20:36.118 - [Commander Rauer] Sorry, one last question. 01:20:36.118 --> 01:20:38.958 I know you're getting ready, he's wanting to shut it down. 01:20:38.958 --> 01:20:39.791 - Sure. 01:20:40.118 --> 01:20:42.175 - How do you guys feel about NATO? 01:20:42.175 --> 01:20:43.623 My name is Commander Rauer by the way. 01:20:43.623 --> 01:20:44.456 But, NATO. 01:20:45.462 --> 01:20:48.487 We've talked about inter-operability, I think NATO is good. 01:20:48.487 --> 01:20:51.987 But innovation, experimentation with NATO? 01:20:53.367 --> 01:20:55.430 And if you were king for the day, 01:20:55.430 --> 01:20:56.590 if you were SACEUR, 01:20:56.590 --> 01:20:58.423 how would you improve, 01:20:58.431 --> 01:21:00.750 you don't even have to be SACEUR, 01:21:00.750 --> 01:21:04.917 but you all participate, at least 28 plus, as NATO. 01:21:05.190 --> 01:21:07.523 Where do you see NATO going? 01:21:11.831 --> 01:21:14.326 - Well, let me start by saying I think we all 01:21:14.326 --> 01:21:18.493 appreciate NATO as the world's strongest defense alliance. 01:21:20.646 --> 01:21:23.063 And we are depending on that. 01:21:24.334 --> 01:21:27.701 What we see in the last three or four years 01:21:27.701 --> 01:21:30.451 is that NATO is start to plan for 01:21:32.251 --> 01:21:35.918 I would say high war end war fighting again. 01:21:37.390 --> 01:21:40.807 So we as nations are contributing to NATO 01:21:41.870 --> 01:21:43.687 pending on what NATO need. 01:21:43.687 --> 01:21:45.020 And NATO are us. 01:21:45.702 --> 01:21:47.550 Of course there are differences between 01:21:47.550 --> 01:21:48.800 the 28 nations. 01:21:49.606 --> 01:21:52.655 Some nations, like the U.S. have a lot 01:21:52.655 --> 01:21:54.905 of equipment and personnel. 01:21:55.191 --> 01:21:58.039 Other nations like mine, have very few 01:21:58.039 --> 01:21:59.902 personnel and equipment. 01:21:59.902 --> 01:22:03.942 But all in all we are all contributing into the same. 01:22:03.942 --> 01:22:07.859 So, one of the things that we are doing in NATO 01:22:08.470 --> 01:22:11.062 is that every time that we go out and exercise 01:22:11.062 --> 01:22:13.979 our plans, we recognize shortfalls, 01:22:15.686 --> 01:22:18.686 lessons learned, lessons identified, 01:22:19.270 --> 01:22:23.437 and we are using that to identify new capabilities. 01:22:23.558 --> 01:22:25.342 So that is a NATO process that we have 01:22:25.342 --> 01:22:26.842 on a yearly basis. 01:22:27.574 --> 01:22:29.655 Where nations meet in Brussels, 01:22:29.655 --> 01:22:31.943 and look into NATO shortfalls. 01:22:31.943 --> 01:22:34.103 What new capabilities do we need? 01:22:34.103 --> 01:22:36.038 What do we have to enhance? 01:22:36.038 --> 01:22:40.205 And then it's up to nations to cover that shortfall. 01:22:42.607 --> 01:22:45.524 So, I think NATO is a system for us 01:22:50.334 --> 01:22:53.084 as well as a defense organization 01:22:53.126 --> 01:22:55.876 where we build up our forces both 01:22:57.574 --> 01:23:00.617 for national reasons but also for NATO reasons. 01:23:00.617 --> 01:23:04.200 And it's up to the governments to put money 01:23:04.239 --> 01:23:06.406 behind those requirements. 01:23:06.967 --> 01:23:09.717 - NATO is much more than defense. 01:23:11.079 --> 01:23:12.579 NATO is a culture. 01:23:12.790 --> 01:23:14.351 NATO is common mindsets. 01:23:14.351 --> 01:23:17.126 NATO is common politics, is common ethics, 01:23:17.126 --> 01:23:18.588 is common understanding. 01:23:18.588 --> 01:23:20.911 And that is the real value of NATO. 01:23:20.911 --> 01:23:23.062 It is sometimes it's underestimated 01:23:23.062 --> 01:23:25.670 the political role that NATO has played 01:23:25.670 --> 01:23:27.503 in the recent decades. 01:23:28.918 --> 01:23:31.604 Even in the coldest times of the cold war 01:23:31.604 --> 01:23:34.771 there were communication channels open 01:23:35.823 --> 01:23:39.490 based on a very trustful and rational basis. 01:23:43.478 --> 01:23:46.395 That is the real advantage of NATO. 01:23:49.862 --> 01:23:51.862 As a political alliance. 01:23:53.526 --> 01:23:56.193 With regards to experimentation, 01:23:56.334 --> 01:23:59.455 I remember the days when NATO developed 01:23:59.455 --> 01:24:01.205 experimental tactics. 01:24:01.558 --> 01:24:04.308 Papers that really contributed to 01:24:05.518 --> 01:24:09.685 further developing tactics and procedures in NATO. 01:24:10.374 --> 01:24:14.541 Ships sailing together in Standing NATO Maritime Groups, 01:24:15.223 --> 01:24:17.710 or the old days, Standing Naval Force Atlantic, 01:24:17.710 --> 01:24:19.607 Standing Naval Force Mediterranean or be on 01:24:19.607 --> 01:24:22.274 the mine counter measure groups. 01:24:22.326 --> 01:24:25.687 That create partnerships, it create friendships. 01:24:25.687 --> 01:24:28.399 There are so many naval officers from NATO 01:24:28.399 --> 01:24:31.031 who meet and still have common memories 01:24:31.031 --> 01:24:34.206 of common times that they have sailed together. 01:24:34.206 --> 01:24:37.118 And that is the basis for trust and confidence, 01:24:37.118 --> 01:24:40.451 and when Martin mentioned in his address 01:24:41.439 --> 01:24:43.974 how important it is to develop trust 01:24:43.974 --> 01:24:46.342 and confidence on a common basis 01:24:46.342 --> 01:24:48.592 because that is, let's say, 01:24:49.055 --> 01:24:53.222 the ground on which collaboration has to be built on. 01:24:54.070 --> 01:24:55.519 - If I could just answer that Andreas. 01:24:55.519 --> 01:24:56.559 You are actually hosting 01:24:56.559 --> 01:24:58.785 one of the Center of Excellencies in NATO. 01:24:58.785 --> 01:24:59.618 - Yes, Yes. 01:24:59.618 --> 01:25:01.471 - Confined and Shallow Waters. 01:25:01.471 --> 01:25:03.568 So I think that's an excellent way 01:25:03.568 --> 01:25:04.855 of how nations meet together 01:25:04.855 --> 01:25:08.438 and are joining on different warfare areas. 01:25:09.374 --> 01:25:13.143 You have center of excellencies in many NATO countries 01:25:13.143 --> 01:25:17.060 where they use their expertise to enhance NATO. 01:25:18.175 --> 01:25:19.925 - Can I answer also ? 01:25:20.294 --> 01:25:22.230 Because you accused me of being a member of NATO. 01:25:22.230 --> 01:25:24.897 But that's not true in our case. 01:25:26.639 --> 01:25:30.556 But that's not to say that we don't value NATO. 01:25:33.458 --> 01:25:35.334 As a guarantor of security, 01:25:35.334 --> 01:25:37.167 as a potential partner 01:25:39.255 --> 01:25:43.422 in the delivery of security options around the world. 01:25:46.286 --> 01:25:47.786 And I talked about 01:25:49.910 --> 01:25:51.447 in terms of inter-operability, 01:25:51.447 --> 01:25:52.631 making the right decisions 01:25:52.631 --> 01:25:55.711 about which partnerships to be involved in. 01:25:55.711 --> 01:25:59.211 And it might seem odd, but for New Zealand 01:25:59.478 --> 01:26:03.645 we've decided that a partner, a security partner is NATO. 01:26:04.278 --> 01:26:07.028 And to that end, we have invested 01:26:08.007 --> 01:26:11.674 in the creation of a long-term relationship, 01:26:13.801 --> 01:26:16.884 the placing of people in the vicinity 01:26:19.551 --> 01:26:22.678 of NATO headquarters so we can continually interact, 01:26:22.678 --> 01:26:25.928 to allow us to be ready to go with NATO 01:26:26.400 --> 01:26:28.900 or to participate with NATO if 01:26:29.039 --> 01:26:30.872 the requirement arise. 01:26:34.127 --> 01:26:35.718 And I know we're not alone in that. 01:26:35.718 --> 01:26:37.407 There are other countries 01:26:37.407 --> 01:26:39.996 that have done a similar thing as well. 01:26:39.996 --> 01:26:43.163 So, it further I guess reinforces this 01:26:44.319 --> 01:26:47.069 need to choose your partnerships, 01:26:49.158 --> 01:26:50.959 to leverage off of the inter-operability 01:26:50.959 --> 01:26:52.110 that NATO offers to ensure 01:26:52.110 --> 01:26:55.879 that when you get into a region you can work together, 01:26:55.879 --> 01:26:59.526 and also invest in the long-term relationships 01:26:59.526 --> 01:27:02.776 that allow your people to work together 01:27:03.878 --> 01:27:05.502 and get to know each other 01:27:05.502 --> 01:27:08.419 as Andreas has pointed out as well. 01:27:08.984 --> 01:27:11.232 - As you know, Finland is not part of NATO 01:27:11.232 --> 01:27:13.039 but we are one of the enhanced opportunities 01:27:13.039 --> 01:27:16.456 partner nations and trying to do our best 01:27:17.655 --> 01:27:19.831 when in training and training exercises 01:27:19.831 --> 01:27:22.561 bring niche capabilities included 01:27:22.561 --> 01:27:25.228 in those exercises what we have. 01:27:25.734 --> 01:27:29.007 We do all the planning, all of the exercise processes, 01:27:29.007 --> 01:27:31.846 and all the capability development programs 01:27:31.846 --> 01:27:33.346 according to NATO. 01:27:33.742 --> 01:27:35.902 Standards and standards and procedures 01:27:35.902 --> 01:27:38.551 and that says the inter-operability from our side 01:27:38.551 --> 01:27:42.718 is as high as it could be in being outside the alliance. 01:27:45.231 --> 01:27:48.398 Hopefully, our part in the Baltic Sea, 01:27:49.823 --> 01:27:52.223 we are together with Sweden, provide also 01:27:52.223 --> 01:27:55.806 some key assets and some niche capabilities 01:27:57.230 --> 01:27:59.063 to the whole alliance. 01:28:00.870 --> 01:28:03.607 - Okay, I think we have run out of time. 01:28:03.607 --> 01:28:06.134 And in order not to conclude twice, 01:28:06.134 --> 01:28:07.623 I hand over to you directly. 01:28:07.623 --> 01:28:08.846 - Okay, good evening. 01:28:08.846 --> 01:28:10.239 My name is Dan Tyson. 01:28:10.239 --> 01:28:12.952 I am the National Vice President of Navy League 01:28:12.952 --> 01:28:14.070 for International Affairs. 01:28:14.070 --> 01:28:16.391 Admirals, on behalf of the Navy League, 01:28:16.391 --> 01:28:17.990 I thank you for an outstanding 01:28:17.990 --> 01:28:19.823 and informative panel. 01:28:20.801 --> 01:28:22.686 As a small token of our appreciation, 01:28:22.686 --> 01:28:26.853 right next to your seat you will find a small folio. 01:28:28.590 --> 01:28:31.423 As a former Belgian naval officer, 01:28:31.584 --> 01:28:33.110 I am delighted that Navy League 01:28:33.110 --> 01:28:35.990 has such a strong international component 01:28:35.990 --> 01:28:38.439 and certainly we appreciate your contribution 01:28:38.439 --> 01:28:39.939 to this component. 01:28:40.031 --> 01:28:42.143 We are also very proud of our 18 01:28:42.143 --> 01:28:44.893 international councils worldwide, 01:28:45.030 --> 01:28:48.118 and they are very outstanding ambassadors 01:28:48.118 --> 01:28:49.868 for our organization. 01:28:50.031 --> 01:28:51.910 Now my most enjoyable task 01:28:51.910 --> 01:28:55.351 is to invite you all to the Cherry Blossom Room 01:28:55.351 --> 01:28:58.684 for the international maritime reception 01:28:59.694 --> 01:29:01.918 that will begin immediately 01:29:01.918 --> 01:29:04.423 and is sponsored by Osprey Team 01:29:04.423 --> 01:29:06.911 and we are very grateful for their contribution. 01:29:06.911 --> 01:29:08.478 So that you all for attending, 01:29:08.478 --> 01:29:10.302 and enjoy the reception. 01:29:10.302 --> 01:29:12.019 (applause) 01:29:12.019 --> 01:29:14.686 (sailing music)