WEBVTT 00:05.120 --> 00:20.850 No. It's all right. So congratulations. So all of you you wind 00:20.850 --> 00:26.260 a sea in a 's stamina word for um that we have that same the 00:26.260 --> 00:31.460 best for last um it's really my honor and privilege to introduce 00:31.460 --> 00:37.440 or keynote speaker antennae going to tony it is be bad debt the 00:37.440 --> 00:41.710 secretary of state these they have held that position since january 00:41.710 --> 00:43.000 of 2000 fifteen. 00:43.620 --> 00:46.910 Part of that as many of you know he was assistant to the president 00:47.070 --> 00:50.720 and principal deputy national security adviser and what that 00:50.720 --> 00:56.000 means is that he actually orchestrated ray and a day to day that 00:56.000 --> 00:59.340 japanese committee process. The role of engine room of the inter 00:59.340 --> 01:04.470 agency process that developed options and decisions for an a president. 01:05.330 --> 01:08.210 A prior to that in the first time in a baum administration. 01:08.210 --> 01:12.290 He served as deputy assistant to the president and as vice president 01:12.290 --> 01:17.220 Biden special security at pfizer. Um before that he was six years 01:17.220 --> 01:21.430 on capitol hill said he knows that the executive branch and to 01:21.430 --> 01:25.070 the hell side of things says stems democratic staff director 01:25.100 --> 01:27.320 of the senate foreign relations committee. 01:28.010 --> 01:31.430 Um he also search in the clan administration and I see it and 01:31.430 --> 01:35.280 this the state department um. I first that's an attorney at CES. 01:35.280 --> 01:37.200 I asked the other thing tank. 01:38.000 --> 01:38.490 In san. 01:39.080 --> 01:43.840 I'm Annie is analysts Stratus career as saying a lawyer and journalist 01:43.840 --> 01:44.720 before that but. 01:45.260 --> 01:49.400 You know the thing that really stands out for me about tony buying 01:49.400 --> 01:55.600 can it is that he is one of the most a thoughtful insightful 01:55.870 --> 01:59.110 and decent people in all of washington. 01:59.710 --> 02:04.730 Um this is someone who is a great example of E. No ego never 02:04.730 --> 02:10.960 drama of model of public service. He has um he is the constant 02:10.960 --> 02:15.950 public service servants um the he really wins the stamina award 02:16.310 --> 02:19.820 in this administration having been there from the beginning and 02:19.820 --> 02:23.930 it's just a real delight an honor to hear from him today. 02:23.930 --> 02:27.960 So please join me in welcoming the deputy SEC taste a tiny like. Him. 02:36.900 --> 02:40.630 You so very much michelle um and I have to say that. 02:41.590 --> 02:45.230 Being incredibly time worse that you just up the dressed in my direction. 02:45.940 --> 02:49.910 Up are pretty much precisely what I would say about you a um 02:49.910 --> 02:54.150 you've been um for so many years now one of the most extraordinary 02:54.150 --> 02:56.210 police i've had the privilege to serve with. 02:56.730 --> 02:58.890 And it is a great pleasure to be here today. 02:59.930 --> 03:05.370 Um. I really do appreciate the kind. Welcome and Even kinder 03:05.370 --> 03:10.150 decision to slot my remarks effort Powell called 27teen in the arms. 03:10.830 --> 03:12.770 An agenda for the next. Administration. 03:14.860 --> 03:17.300 I always knew they would come might have to fall of they sold 03:17.300 --> 03:17.950 was leaving. 03:18.740 --> 03:20.390 I just thought I had another 18. Months. 03:22.650 --> 03:23.690 Actually up. 03:24.380 --> 03:27.120 The following trade macey sympathise with. 03:28.380 --> 03:29.240 Allen rossi. 03:30.230 --> 03:33.190 Uh and for those of you don't remember on rossi. That's actually 03:33.190 --> 03:34.060 exactly the point. 03:34.940 --> 03:37.850 They were the comedy duo called the Beatles on ed Sullivan show. 03:39.770 --> 03:42.280 Uh but it's a great pleasures specially to be with everyone is 03:42.280 --> 03:44.310 seen as an among very good friends and colleagues. 03:44.850 --> 03:48.130 Uh there's been a premium about between see mass in the obama 03:48.130 --> 03:50.930 administration over talent and once again seen S appears to be one. 03:51.920 --> 03:54.020 But that's what all right because it makes a little bit of room 03:54.480 --> 03:55.350 for the rest of us. 03:56.430 --> 03:57.890 But in all seriousness um. 03:58.610 --> 04:01.280 Seen asked in a very short period of time. 04:02.210 --> 04:03.230 Has become. 04:03.890 --> 04:05.760 Truly a model among its peers. 04:06.770 --> 04:10.140 And and valuable reservoir of good counsel attribute insight. 04:10.850 --> 04:13.750 No more so than one events in the world can found us. 04:14.370 --> 04:16.170 Or the flow of information threatens. 04:16.680 --> 04:17.610 To overwhelm us. 04:18.690 --> 04:22.700 We or Franks in the show and the outstanding team here for Fontainebleau 04:22.700 --> 04:24.260 build a center dedicated. 04:24.790 --> 04:27.360 To helping us make sense of our world today. 04:28.100 --> 04:29.790 The wh order and disorder. 04:30.530 --> 04:32.340 The risks and the. Opportunities. 04:33.900 --> 04:37.080 And there's no denying that there is a lot to try to make sense 04:37.080 --> 04:39.000 of well just a few days ago. 04:39.740 --> 04:40.870 Was world refugee day. 04:41.870 --> 04:42.580 The ticker tape. 04:43.130 --> 04:44.810 Of searing new talents. 04:45.650 --> 04:49.320 If all of the refugees in the world comprise the population of 04:49.320 --> 04:53.000 one country it would be the 20 fourth largest country in the world. 04:54.120 --> 04:56.020 One in every 122 people. 04:56.720 --> 04:58.110 As fled their homes for more. 04:58.670 --> 05:00.480 Violence or persecution. 05:01.970 --> 05:05.020 Risking their lives on rickety boats crawling to park were offenses 05:05.020 --> 05:06.510 to escape the sos period. 05:07.350 --> 05:08.850 Or raising a generation of children. 05:09.680 --> 05:11.070 Intense and under carpets. 05:11.910 --> 05:14.820 Nearly 60 million human reminders. 05:15.540 --> 05:16.530 Of the world's. History. 05:18.590 --> 05:20.040 It certainly feels like we're living. 05:20.570 --> 05:21.960 Through more dangerous time. 05:22.640 --> 05:23.910 That any time in recent memory. 05:24.830 --> 05:27.630 As we can time with threats from rising season emerging diseases. 05:28.150 --> 05:29.860 Sophisticated cyber attacks. 05:30.530 --> 05:31.900 Niles terrorists. 05:32.630 --> 05:33.630 And again this morning. 05:34.320 --> 05:37.080 Those stating attacks in Malta will place around the world. 05:37.810 --> 05:39.810 Only underscores that point. 05:41.210 --> 05:42.130 And it can seem. 05:42.890 --> 05:44.760 It's a moments in from some perspectives. 05:45.800 --> 05:47.350 As if we've entered a new era. 05:48.210 --> 05:49.490 Of cataclysmic change. 05:50.180 --> 05:50.860 And. Uncertainty. 05:52.770 --> 05:56.450 Those who see the world a slate often assert that america's responses 05:56.450 --> 05:57.090 winter retreat. 05:58.070 --> 05:59.920 To advocate are responsible in italy. 06:00.710 --> 06:03.820 To shelve our unique capabilities to influence change. 06:05.570 --> 06:07.060 I think that assertion. 06:07.730 --> 06:08.810 Bears close scrutiny. 06:09.720 --> 06:11.220 Because it is Wall. 06:12.590 --> 06:13.140 In D. 06:13.970 --> 06:17.190 I would argue that the United States has never been more engaged 06:17.190 --> 06:19.700 in more places than at this moment in time. 06:20.350 --> 06:24.470 And that our leadership is producing powerful and positive results. 06:25.010 --> 06:28.890 Helping speed when the whims of progress and temper some of the 06:28.890 --> 06:30.040 dios of turmoil. 06:31.580 --> 06:34.260 Just think about the last 18 months alone. 06:35.570 --> 06:36.670 American global leadership. 06:37.320 --> 06:39.190 Has mobilized countries to confine Weisel. 06:39.890 --> 06:40.490 And the goal of. 06:41.650 --> 06:44.430 We've revitalize knitters committed to the fence its own members. 06:44.940 --> 06:46.940 Relic european allies to support ukraine. 06:47.490 --> 06:50.080 And penalized russia for its actions in ukraine. 06:51.820 --> 06:53.840 We deepened our engagement with the asia pacific. 06:54.360 --> 06:56.540 A region that increasingly is embracing the connection. 06:57.140 --> 07:00.390 Between good governance stable growth and long term stability. 07:01.600 --> 07:05.340 Last month I visited vietnam indonesia and myanmar countries 07:05.340 --> 07:09.140 averse for is in the benefits of economic and democratic progress. 07:10.020 --> 07:10.960 Within was to china. 07:11.570 --> 07:13.800 In the effort to mitigate climate changes this week. 07:14.300 --> 07:18.700 We held the seventh us china's she she did not like dial up an opportunity. 07:19.230 --> 07:20.930 To four to wear is a corporation. 07:21.440 --> 07:24.120 Even as we deal for greatly with our differences. 07:25.020 --> 07:26.760 And we're coming closer everyday. 07:27.510 --> 07:29.810 To a major new trade agreement that passes and a partnership 07:29.840 --> 07:31.100 which if that she. 07:31.890 --> 07:36.030 Will cover 40% of world unique he with a more level playing field 07:36.030 --> 07:39.520 for American dozens higher status for labor the environment an 07:39.520 --> 07:40.350 intellectual property. 07:41.290 --> 07:44.260 We carried our relationship with india to new heights. 07:44.820 --> 07:47.910 Forging landmark partnerships and clean energy higher education 07:47.910 --> 07:51.570 defense cooperation in january one president obama to the republic 07:51.570 --> 07:52.790 day celebrations in new Delhi. 07:53.360 --> 07:57.330 As prime minister motifs honored guest. He was the first American 07:57.330 --> 07:58.380 president to do so. 07:59.540 --> 08:02.420 And we're charting a new course in our relations with cuba. 08:03.130 --> 08:05.340 Helping the people of colombia secure lasting peace. 08:06.030 --> 08:09.010 And forging new would equal partnerships across the americans. 08:09.700 --> 08:11.790 And we're working with leaders of central america to come about 08:11.790 --> 08:13.370 the corruption crime and trafficking. 08:13.990 --> 08:15.640 That affect our own security. 08:16.300 --> 08:18.730 We've negotiated of course an interim agreement with a rat. 08:19.330 --> 08:22.960 The pros and in some places roll back its nuclear program with 08:22.960 --> 08:24.370 unprecedented expect un's. 08:24.890 --> 08:29.430 But the possibility of a comprehensive solution now before us. 08:30.120 --> 08:33.080 We fell competing Afghan political blocs of what civil war and 08:33.080 --> 08:37.010 a sheep the first ever peaceful democratic transition in that 08:37.010 --> 08:37.740 country's history. 08:38.800 --> 08:41.440 We hosted the first ever us africa leaders' summit. 08:42.020 --> 08:44.000 To build a relationship some of our governments. 08:44.640 --> 08:45.910 And with the private sector. 08:47.200 --> 08:48.350 In each of these cases. 08:49.190 --> 08:50.770 Um I like to do a little forest from. 08:51.420 --> 08:53.270 And is based on the movie is a wonderful life. 08:54.890 --> 08:58.070 We all know what happened to that for false when george bailey 08:58.070 --> 08:58.850 was out of the picture. 08:59.610 --> 09:02.280 And I think it's self-evident where the world would be. 09:02.830 --> 09:05.120 Without American leadership of nice challenges. 09:05.740 --> 09:06.660 And so many more. 09:08.360 --> 09:12.370 For me the question is a not and indeed it's never been whether 09:12.830 --> 09:13.740 america's leading. 09:14.300 --> 09:15.670 A question is how we're leaving. 09:16.280 --> 09:17.230 By what means. 09:17.740 --> 09:18.660 And to what dance. 09:19.490 --> 09:22.320 That is the proper subject for debate and discussion. 09:23.420 --> 09:25.460 And I was to just 13 basic principles. 09:25.970 --> 09:28.190 On which we must ground our leadership. 09:29.270 --> 09:32.470 First. We must lead with purplish. 09:33.130 --> 09:37.290 To ensure the security of our country its citizens our allies 09:37.290 --> 09:40.840 and partners to promote strong. You was economy to a Vassar values. 09:41.650 --> 09:44.900 And to shaken international work. The pollsters peace security 09:44.900 --> 09:45.700 and prosper. 09:46.800 --> 09:49.800 Second. We mostly from a position of strength. 09:50.370 --> 09:51.620 With on rival military might. 09:52.370 --> 09:53.460 The dynamic economy. 09:54.070 --> 09:57.130 And the un-backed strife of our human resources. 09:58.310 --> 09:58.670 For are. 09:59.260 --> 10:02.280 We must leave by the powers Apple's woes example of our power. 10:02.780 --> 10:05.570 Lifting our citizens role in our economy. 10:06.080 --> 10:08.390 And living our values here at home. 10:09.520 --> 10:12.190 With today's supreme court decision on same sex marriage. 10:12.780 --> 10:15.560 We can be prout that we've done just that. 10:16.670 --> 10:20.930 Force. We should leave with capable partners. Because we can 10:20.930 --> 10:23.350 best advance our interests and an interconnected world. 10:23.890 --> 10:27.320 One others are working with us while recognizing that america 10:27.760 --> 10:29.960 and our leadership is often necessary. 10:30.480 --> 10:31.810 To mobilize collective action. 10:33.410 --> 10:37.470 Fit. We must lead with all the instruments of American power 10:37.470 --> 10:39.370 out with determine diplomacy. 10:40.070 --> 10:41.240 And ever ready military. 10:41.780 --> 10:45.780 Our economic might and that powerful attraction of American innovation 10:46.080 --> 10:48.550 science education and culture. 10:49.610 --> 10:50.110 And finally. 10:51.170 --> 10:53.080 We must lead with a sense of perspective. 10:53.760 --> 10:55.320 That Mary's confidence humility. 10:55.890 --> 10:57.550 Strain. And was. 10:59.510 --> 11:02.630 The strategic environment in which we're operating is more fluid. 11:03.130 --> 11:05.680 And fraught with complexity. Than ever before. 11:06.890 --> 11:10.160 Power among States a shifted with new entrants and asked prince 11:10.160 --> 11:11.270 to the rice to the majors. 11:12.170 --> 11:15.540 Power shifting bow low and be on the nation state requiring governments 11:15.540 --> 11:18.550 to be more accountable the so state and non-state actors. 11:19.130 --> 11:22.030 From the mayor's of mega cities to the private sector. 11:22.640 --> 11:25.120 The super empowered groups and individuals. 11:26.260 --> 11:29.310 And of course the growing interdependence of the global economy. 11:29.910 --> 11:33.150 And the rapid pace of change or waking people groups and governments 11:33.150 --> 11:37.080 an unprecedented ways in center lies in new forms of cooperation. 11:38.040 --> 11:40.470 But also creating share. Vulnerabilities. 11:42.320 --> 11:45.000 All of these changes are happening within a system of international 11:45.000 --> 11:48.300 economic political social a norms and institutions. 11:48.910 --> 11:52.830 That of helpers are peace and foster chris Perry for seven decades. 11:53.600 --> 11:54.420 International law. 11:55.390 --> 11:58.630 Maritime rooms and bernal protectionist trade regulations any 11:58.660 --> 12:02.390 russian laws child labor laws human rights safeguards than opera 12:02.390 --> 12:05.300 for issue regime public health systems international financial 12:05.300 --> 12:07.350 institutions un peacekeeping civil society. 12:07.910 --> 12:10.080 These norms and institutions give life. 12:10.720 --> 12:11.720 To a global war. 12:12.230 --> 12:13.830 Which provides still today. 12:14.870 --> 12:19.000 The best and sometimes only means to prevent conflict energized progress. 12:19.550 --> 12:22.520 And allow countries to resolve diplomatically and peacefully. 12:23.060 --> 12:23.820 Their differences. 12:24.920 --> 12:26.880 But over the last decades. 12:27.550 --> 12:29.900 Are international system a struggled to keep pace. 12:30.490 --> 12:32.110 Has made you know economies emerge. 12:32.870 --> 12:37.220 Technology advanced citizens of question the status quo spoilers 12:37.250 --> 12:38.540 have flexed their muscles. 12:39.880 --> 12:41.900 Our challenge is to adaptable border. 12:42.470 --> 12:45.080 Issued this show sentry ball torture in that the fundamentals 12:45.080 --> 12:45.860 of its construction. 12:46.580 --> 12:50.630 The rules and norms that principles. We depend on for security prosperity. 12:51.130 --> 12:53.160 Me the highest standards. 12:54.460 --> 12:55.790 In the face of these challenges. 12:56.400 --> 13:00.850 The United States remains clear eyed about our role and our responsibility. 13:02.000 --> 13:04.960 We know that we cannot solve all lowers palms. 13:05.690 --> 13:07.990 And we can I fully solve any of them alone. 13:08.930 --> 13:11.520 But we're seizing americans unique in Pasadena mobilized has 13:11.520 --> 13:12.310 common threats. 13:12.940 --> 13:14.670 And leave the international community to me. 13:16.220 --> 13:17.430 That's the case in eastern ukraine. 13:18.110 --> 13:20.560 Where the United States and our allies remain firmly United in 13:20.560 --> 13:24.230 our support for ukraine and our commitment to hold Moscow to 13:24.230 --> 13:26.330 full implementation of the misc agreements. 13:27.340 --> 13:29.290 And is the case in the south china sea. 13:29.990 --> 13:33.350 Where china's mitigation large scale wanna re commission products 13:33.690 --> 13:35.290 that threatened peace and stability. 13:36.610 --> 13:38.900 The United States takes no position on the merits of competing 13:38.900 --> 13:40.480 sovereignty claims in south china sea. 13:41.330 --> 13:44.980 But we have a strong interest in how those claims are pursued 13:45.450 --> 13:49.100 and a preserving freedom of navigation sustaining peace and stability. 13:49.630 --> 13:52.160 And upholding international law and norms. 13:53.020 --> 13:56.970 The way for is for china and all claimants to freeze their reformation 13:56.970 --> 14:00.670 activities and resolve their differences in accordance with the 14:00.670 --> 14:01.550 boom of what. 14:03.470 --> 14:06.600 In bold eastern ukraine and the south china sea. 14:07.710 --> 14:10.950 We're witnessing efforts to unilaterally and coarsely change 14:10.950 --> 14:14.240 the status quo trans russians that the United States and our 14:14.240 --> 14:16.850 allies and partners stand United against. 14:18.320 --> 14:22.160 In a greater middle east where when a see something entirely different. 14:23.390 --> 14:26.990 A period of tectonic change that is brought the regional water. 14:27.500 --> 14:28.510 The brink of collapse. 14:29.930 --> 14:33.460 We see in the challenges to domestic order within States and 14:33.460 --> 14:34.320 the greater middle east. 14:35.250 --> 14:36.790 The rise of new constituencies. 14:37.450 --> 14:40.500 The a prominent voice is that a man's for greater freedom and opportunity. 14:41.000 --> 14:43.820 In of course this can be a welcome development. 14:45.000 --> 14:47.990 But it can also produce a violent counter reaction from the old order. 14:48.590 --> 14:50.080 As for example in syria. 14:50.720 --> 14:53.320 With this long death spiral of violence. 14:54.150 --> 14:57.860 Or When the old orders deposed as an libya. 14:58.420 --> 15:01.290 It can produce a vacuum filled by Stratus. 15:02.410 --> 15:04.750 And there's another dark aside to the challenge to order within 15:04.750 --> 15:05.940 States in the middle east. 15:06.650 --> 15:10.080 The weakening of state authority the wrote in order emergence 15:10.080 --> 15:14.080 of on govern space a corporation weapons and technology the surfacing 15:14.110 --> 15:14.900 or resurfacing. 15:15.560 --> 15:17.750 A sectarian isn't and religious extremism. 15:19.640 --> 15:23.440 We see it to him a challenge for among States the growth of regional 15:23.440 --> 15:26.690 rivalries the intensification the face off between Saudi Arabia 15:26.690 --> 15:29.540 to Ram the spread of dangerous proxy wars. 15:30.870 --> 15:32.570 We see it in the interests in the struggle. 15:33.150 --> 15:37.190 Between violence tennis and the vast majority of moderate mussels. 15:38.090 --> 15:41.200 And the contests for leadership between establish an powers and 15:41.200 --> 15:44.260 political Islam often represented by the Muslim brotherhood. 15:45.410 --> 15:47.800 And we see much of this come together in iraq. 15:48.770 --> 15:51.820 Where the late has been lifted from decades of dictatorship war 15:51.850 --> 15:52.870 are far nomination. 15:53.630 --> 15:56.390 Allowing many these actors to collide head up. 15:56.990 --> 15:58.370 With a very fragile effort. 15:59.030 --> 16:01.900 To build a more inclusive representative government. 16:03.350 --> 16:06.500 One of the most poisonous products of all this churn has been 16:06.500 --> 16:10.010 the alienation from their respective governments of a large segments 16:10.010 --> 16:14.330 of the sunni community. Some 20 million of whom live between 16:14.360 --> 16:16.240 Baghdad and. Damascus. 16:18.010 --> 16:20.270 In the face of such widespread the stabilization. 16:21.500 --> 16:24.590 It is tempting to walking grand American solution. 16:25.100 --> 16:26.290 That opposes order. 16:26.940 --> 16:28.580 And transforms the region overnight. 16:30.350 --> 16:31.700 We can and we should debate. 16:32.780 --> 16:35.530 The nuances of the various proposals that we here. 16:36.720 --> 16:39.750 But we cannot deny the lessons. We've learned over a decade is 16:39.750 --> 16:43.980 sacrifice about the effectiveness and sustainability of large 16:43.980 --> 16:47.370 scale open-ended military intervention in the middle east. 16:48.890 --> 16:51.330 We need to recognize that historic transitions another way the 16:51.330 --> 16:51.810 middle east. 16:52.350 --> 16:53.730 That are not about us. 16:54.410 --> 16:56.790 And cannot be fully controlled by ass. 16:57.940 --> 17:01.280 The United States did not put one million people intruder square. 17:02.000 --> 17:03.730 We did not create the Arch brain. 17:04.480 --> 17:07.830 Or even the democratic aspirations. That in a bottle. 17:09.060 --> 17:11.340 But while of ensign policeman IP about us. 17:12.660 --> 17:17.000 Effects. They affect our partners they affect our interests and 17:17.000 --> 17:18.760 carefully guided American leadership. 17:19.360 --> 17:20.990 More than that of any other nation. 17:21.720 --> 17:23.400 Can mitigate the worst of the risks. 17:24.020 --> 17:24.860 And make the most. 17:25.470 --> 17:26.230 Of rewards. 17:27.430 --> 17:29.390 Even in this chaotic and dangerous environment. 17:30.020 --> 17:32.670 We will secure our core interests and build the capacity capable 17:32.670 --> 17:34.760 partners to tackle their own problems. 17:35.270 --> 17:36.240 With our strong. 17:36.830 --> 17:37.870 But smart support. 17:39.610 --> 17:42.950 Peace and stability annalisa can not be imposed from above from 17:42.950 --> 17:45.060 the outside or by force. 17:45.810 --> 17:47.530 They need to be build from within. 17:48.420 --> 17:49.860 By governments that are inclusive. 17:50.580 --> 17:54.260 Accountable in their citizens and interconnected with the world. 17:55.130 --> 17:57.720 Military might alone can get government there. 17:58.290 --> 17:59.920 If we parts local accommodation. 18:00.700 --> 18:03.210 Including increasingly the de centralisation of power. 18:04.100 --> 18:06.130 Two-incher the freedom dignity and security. 18:07.010 --> 18:07.920 For all citizens. 18:09.100 --> 18:12.930 In iraq we partnered with prime minister body to fight the scourge 18:12.930 --> 18:13.980 of why solar dash. 18:14.840 --> 18:17.520 I supporting his efforts to rebuild in the form Iraqi security 18:17.520 --> 18:19.460 forces together with our coalition partners. 18:20.150 --> 18:21.930 We're training and equipping these forces. 18:22.470 --> 18:25.340 Devising the leaders providing critical or support. 18:26.210 --> 18:29.890 And expanding recruitment is specially from among sunni communities 18:30.270 --> 18:33.370 who will fight for their communities for that pounds. 18:33.930 --> 18:34.910 And for their lives. 18:35.940 --> 18:36.810 But to succeed. 18:37.550 --> 18:39.550 We have to address the political dimension. 18:40.420 --> 18:41.120 Iraq yes. 18:41.700 --> 18:45.880 The they sunni shia kurt or other have to be condensed. 18:46.430 --> 18:49.550 But the state they are been after being asked to fight for will 18:49.550 --> 18:52.520 stand up for their rights in equities that they can advance their 18:52.520 --> 18:53.790 interests more effectively. 18:54.350 --> 18:58.110 As citizens of iraq and a support can suffice will were rat. 18:59.660 --> 19:03.090 By mr. Body compose a vision of what we call functioning federalism. 19:03.890 --> 19:07.740 Which basically means empowering local communities to make their 19:07.740 --> 19:08.690 own decisions. 19:09.780 --> 19:11.660 After decades of repressive dictatorship. 19:12.690 --> 19:16.710 All ethnicity it's and religions need to feel that they represented. 19:17.250 --> 19:18.740 By the nation they call home. 19:20.450 --> 19:23.680 Across the middle east we try to apply this approach to empower 19:23.680 --> 19:24.700 capable partners. 19:25.310 --> 19:27.850 And secure our core interests. We've intensified our security 19:27.850 --> 19:30.900 cooperation with our allies and partners with preserve maritime 19:30.900 --> 19:32.600 security inch or the control energy. 19:33.410 --> 19:36.910 In assemble a coalition of 62 countries and organizations to 19:36.910 --> 19:37.520 deal with Doc. 19:38.570 --> 19:40.760 And we taken steps to shore that around is not. 19:41.580 --> 19:45.420 Under any circumstances allowed to attain a nuclear weapon. 19:47.340 --> 19:51.190 This last point is that the top of our minds as we near the june 19:51.190 --> 19:51.990 thirtieth deadline. 19:53.250 --> 19:54.680 We don't have a comprehensive delia. 19:55.340 --> 19:56.390 And we may not get what. 19:57.200 --> 19:58.790 If we can get to where we need to be. 19:59.400 --> 20:00.650 On some of the core issues. 20:02.200 --> 20:04.710 But we continue to believe that the very best way to interact 20:04.710 --> 20:05.700 and having a nuclear weapon. 20:06.300 --> 20:08.160 Is to a verified negotiated agreement. 20:08.900 --> 20:12.850 The resolve the international community's concerns about a a 20:12.850 --> 20:14.800 Ram and as a practical matter. 20:15.800 --> 20:18.590 Makes it impossible for iran to develop the fissile material 20:18.590 --> 20:19.170 for weapon. 20:19.720 --> 20:21.220 Without us being able to see it. 20:22.310 --> 20:22.920 And to stop. 20:24.540 --> 20:28.160 The deal will working toward will close each over rats for pathways 20:28.330 --> 20:30.180 to antennae enough fissile material for weapons. 20:30.880 --> 20:34.040 The radiant pathways of the Thompson for about the plutonium 20:34.040 --> 20:36.430 pathway for racks heavy water actor that iraq. 20:37.430 --> 20:39.400 And a potential covert pathway. 20:40.370 --> 20:42.250 The can all always that plays. 20:43.040 --> 20:46.380 Any comprehensive arrangement must include exceptional constraints 20:46.410 --> 20:49.770 on Iran's nuclear program an extraordinary monitoring and to 20:49.770 --> 20:52.940 suppress fancy measures that maximize the international community's 20:52.940 --> 20:57.080 ability to detect any attempts by random break out whether overtly. 20:57.650 --> 20:58.080 A covert. 20:59.540 --> 21:01.110 Let me quickly address to conclude. 21:01.750 --> 21:04.010 Somewhat concerns that are floating around about the deal the 21:04.010 --> 21:04.720 we're working toward. 21:05.340 --> 21:08.630 Many of which are based mush one myth and they are a fact. 21:09.530 --> 21:13.880 First. The deal for working to achieve will not expire. 21:15.090 --> 21:17.340 There will not be a so-called sunset. 21:18.300 --> 21:20.700 Different reported to the deal would have different to ration 21:20.730 --> 21:25.040 its but some Including Iran's commitment to all of its obligations 21:25.040 --> 21:27.870 under the nonproliferation treaty including the elevation not 21:27.870 --> 21:31.080 to build a nuclear weapon as well as the top access to modern 21:31.080 --> 21:34.390 provisions of the additional protocol those would continue in 21:34.390 --> 21:35.020 turpitude it. 21:36.410 --> 21:37.170 By contrast. 21:38.040 --> 21:39.170 In the absence of an agreement. 21:39.770 --> 21:42.450 Iran's obligations under the interim agreement that we preach 21:42.480 --> 21:45.660 the so-called fight plan of action to stop Iran's nuclear program 21:45.660 --> 21:46.220 in its tracks. 21:47.200 --> 21:48.840 Those with sunset immediately. 21:49.490 --> 21:53.270 Men. Rackets the toward an industrial scale program. 21:53.890 --> 21:57.830 With tens of thousands of centrifuges with no inspections and 21:57.830 --> 21:59.700 no visibility into its program. 22:01.160 --> 22:05.700 Second. This deal would provide such extensive lulls of transparency. 22:06.330 --> 22:09.590 That different fails to comply with the international Indies obligations. 22:10.280 --> 22:11.240 We will know about it. 22:11.770 --> 22:14.680 And we will know a first the right away giving us plenty of time 22:14.680 --> 22:16.970 to respond diplomatically or if necessary. 22:17.690 --> 22:18.540 By other means. 22:19.390 --> 22:23.030 Most of the sanctions would be suspended not ended for a long 22:23.030 --> 22:27.150 creative time with provisions to snap-back automatically prefer emanates. 22:27.740 --> 22:28.560 On its commitments. 22:29.990 --> 22:30.530 There are. 22:31.470 --> 22:34.450 We will only agree to with the yield that guarantees the I in 22:34.450 --> 22:38.840 a timely access to what ever a rainy insights are required to 22:38.840 --> 22:43.100 for five in Iran's program is exclusively peaceful. Period. 22:44.430 --> 22:49.230 Force. There is simply no better option to prevent iran from 22:49.230 --> 22:52.470 obtaining material for nuclear weapon and a comprehensive agreement 22:52.950 --> 22:56.180 that nice the foreigners that we set and announced a most all. 22:57.800 --> 23:00.780 Just like the joint plan of action any agreement will be subject 23:01.120 --> 23:05.170 to legitimate scrutiny from our citizens from our commerce from 23:05.170 --> 23:06.230 our closest partners. 23:07.630 --> 23:11.740 We will not agree to any deal that cannot withstand. That's critic. 23:13.190 --> 23:13.900 The same time. 23:15.110 --> 23:17.610 Any opponents of the agreement if it's reach. 23:18.630 --> 23:20.850 We'll have an obligation to tell the American people. 23:21.220 --> 23:23.050 Exactly what they would do differently. 23:23.750 --> 23:25.390 And how they would get it done. 23:27.430 --> 23:30.870 It's a fantasy to believe that a ramble simply capitulate to 23:30.870 --> 23:31.690 our demands. 23:32.220 --> 23:34.990 If we've ratchet up the pressure even more through sanctions. 23:35.990 --> 23:36.700 After all. 23:37.320 --> 23:40.650 A ran suffered much greater deprivation each during the war with iraq. 23:41.580 --> 23:44.940 And despite intensified international pressure over the last year's. 23:45.520 --> 23:48.550 Iran one from just a hundred and 50 centrifuges in 2000 and two. 23:49.140 --> 23:51.850 To 19 foul before we reach the interim agreement. 23:53.260 --> 23:56.120 Moore's of likely that our international partners without them 23:56.150 --> 23:58.090 our sanctions cannot work. 23:59.090 --> 24:02.170 It's not likely they would go along with such a plan they signed 24:02.170 --> 24:04.540 on the sanctions in order to get a ran to the negotiating table. 24:05.150 --> 24:08.320 To conclude an agreement that meets our shared security interests. 24:08.920 --> 24:12.730 Not the force iran to abandon the peaceful nuclear program. 24:13.670 --> 24:15.710 Up until now we kept other countries on board. 24:16.370 --> 24:19.370 Despite the economic loss that it presents to many of them. 24:20.110 --> 24:22.940 In large part because they're convince for serious about reaching 24:23.080 --> 24:25.710 a diplomatic solution if they lose that belief. 24:26.680 --> 24:28.940 The United States not a rat. 24:29.550 --> 24:31.570 Could be isolated and the sanctions regime. 24:32.300 --> 24:33.030 Could collapse. 24:34.730 --> 24:37.910 To those would prefer to take military action now against around 24:37.910 --> 24:39.560 without going the last diplomatic mile. 24:40.530 --> 24:42.870 They need to consider. The fact the such response to destroy 24:42.870 --> 24:44.260 the international siphons coalition. 24:44.880 --> 24:48.230 And only setback Iran's program by a few years at which point 24:48.280 --> 24:51.240 the ran likely would very a new program deep underground. 24:51.810 --> 24:53.600 And speed cordon actual weapons. 24:55.520 --> 24:57.740 With a comprehensive agreement that we're working to conclude. 24:58.330 --> 25:01.340 We have a chance to it she much much more. 25:03.080 --> 25:05.590 But reaching a comprehensive deal will not alter our commitment 25:05.820 --> 25:07.090 to support those inner ran. 25:07.620 --> 25:09.880 Demanding greater respect for universal human rights and the 25:09.880 --> 25:10.370 rule of law. 25:11.280 --> 25:14.130 And we continue to insist their ran release cited other Benny. 25:14.630 --> 25:18.610 Amir act body tracing resigned and helpless five robert Levinson. 25:19.980 --> 25:23.030 And reaching a comprehensive deal will not alter our commitment. 25:23.690 --> 25:26.800 The fighting Iran's efforts to spread instability and support terrorism. 25:27.410 --> 25:31.070 That will not change with or without the deal. 25:32.400 --> 25:33.760 But around without a nuclear weapon. 25:34.400 --> 25:37.190 Will be less embolden to take the stabilizing activities in the region. 25:37.760 --> 25:40.600 It will reduce the pressure for regional nuclear arms race and 25:40.600 --> 25:42.700 strengthen the international nonproliferation regime. 25:43.250 --> 25:45.050 In short it's a critical step. 25:45.630 --> 25:46.840 To greater global security. 25:47.490 --> 25:50.850 For the United States and for our partners in the. Region. 25:54.410 --> 25:58.650 Having now been in service for six in our ears is michelle pointed out. 26:00.080 --> 26:02.410 I instruct again and again via. 26:03.020 --> 26:04.530 How one snapchat. 26:05.900 --> 26:06.610 One tweak. 26:07.610 --> 26:08.450 One headline. 26:09.130 --> 26:09.820 One article. 26:11.040 --> 26:13.120 Captures our attention in diverse are focused. 26:13.820 --> 26:14.690 Come the moving picture. 26:16.840 --> 26:20.660 Heightened by an almost insatiable appetite for around the clock use. 26:21.310 --> 26:23.940 The snapshots have an outsized influence over our perception 26:23.940 --> 26:24.450 of the world. 26:25.970 --> 26:26.700 Telling us. 26:27.460 --> 26:29.810 Whether we like it or not at almost any given moment. 26:30.590 --> 26:31.710 Every hour every minute. 26:32.360 --> 26:33.800 Of the dangers that we face. 26:34.410 --> 26:35.590 Of the risks of action. 26:36.270 --> 26:37.710 And the consequences of inaction. 26:39.550 --> 26:43.210 But when you step back and try to gain a little bit of perspective. 26:43.980 --> 26:45.710 And consider also the moving picture. 26:46.380 --> 26:49.570 There is something that is extraordinarily consistent and that 26:49.570 --> 26:50.690 emerges from looking at. 26:51.700 --> 26:52.880 In times of crisis. 26:53.510 --> 26:56.920 We're calamity it is the United States that the world turns to first. 26:57.970 --> 26:58.660 And all what's. 26:59.920 --> 27:02.200 We're about the leader first choice because war is right. 27:03.330 --> 27:04.760 Or because re interesting lights. 27:05.480 --> 27:07.810 War because we can dictate outcomes. 27:09.240 --> 27:12.180 It's because we strive to the best of our ability to a lot our 27:12.180 --> 27:15.020 actions with our principles and the because American leadership 27:15.020 --> 27:17.190 has a unique ability to mobilize others. 27:17.840 --> 27:19.310 And to make a difference. 27:20.510 --> 27:21.400 Seventy years ago. 27:21.910 --> 27:24.670 That leadership produce victory in world war and then build a 27:24.670 --> 27:27.670 global order dedicated to the peace stability and prosperity. 27:28.340 --> 27:29.000 Of every nation. 27:29.550 --> 27:32.500 Today the leadership remains vital to protect and adapts bed 27:32.500 --> 27:33.470 international system. 27:34.110 --> 27:35.570 To reflect the times that we live it. 27:36.540 --> 27:37.920 To navigate the turmoil. 27:38.650 --> 27:40.680 And to reap the rewards that are there. 27:42.270 --> 27:42.960 It cannot. 27:43.760 --> 27:45.890 It must not be our responsibility along. 27:46.650 --> 27:48.520 What it is one we will seize. 27:49.050 --> 27:51.390 Leaving is always from a position of strength. 27:52.370 --> 27:53.470 With cable partners. 27:54.110 --> 27:55.790 With all the instruments American power. 27:56.490 --> 27:57.720 With the power of our example. 27:58.670 --> 28:00.420 And with a harder and sense of perspective. 28:01.210 --> 28:02.440 With our eyes cast forward. 28:03.170 --> 28:03.840 In our spirit. 28:04.400 --> 28:04.830 Ever hope. 28:05.870 --> 28:06.790 Thank you very. Much. 28:19.910 --> 28:21.280 As a wonderful. 28:22.180 --> 28:27.000 Surged toward the world and they're a very clear to tuition has 28:27.240 --> 28:30.020 been the administration's policy and many many points. 28:30.710 --> 28:36.020 Um I wanted to key off a little polling that we do that I'm the 28:36.020 --> 28:39.630 for your rise to and the question was something on lines of. 28:40.460 --> 28:44.970 What should the next administration um. What reaching the world 28:44.970 --> 28:49.330 should get more attention and there was this huge bar nothing 28:49.330 --> 28:51.960 is 48 almost 50% said a shot. 28:52.580 --> 28:56.960 Um and and we're we're kick talking the more the barcap to the growing. 28:57.500 --> 29:02.610 Um. And in a prison of a bummer announced early Dalits janet. 29:02.610 --> 29:07.280 She have it it recounts um. If the administration is actually 29:07.280 --> 29:11.570 successful in getting sheepy peanut will be a huge uh when. 29:12.190 --> 29:17.170 I'm with you we do see a sermon shown china would really I'm 29:17.520 --> 29:20.920 taking a member of unilateral actions to try to change the status 29:20.920 --> 29:24.950 quo particularly in the mirror timing can you talk a little bit 29:24.950 --> 29:30.670 about the next 18 months and how you our thinking about which. 29:31.190 --> 29:35.490 I'm responding to china's more assertive behavior in the their 29:35.520 --> 29:36.670 time at the end of the chicken. 29:37.670 --> 29:40.320 Truman east money saying one thing at the outset which is I would 29:40.480 --> 29:43.990 mark the dream of where the paul was driving me the conversation 29:44.020 --> 29:44.600 and I think. 29:45.530 --> 29:48.400 One of the things that's up that I'm proudest of what we've done 29:48.430 --> 29:51.660 is in fact I'm the rebalances tory a. 29:52.520 --> 29:55.750 He what I was moving from a white house to a state department 29:55.860 --> 29:57.900 and I set of present obama's super coming over. 29:58.890 --> 30:01.980 And I asked him what what would you like to focus up was um and 30:01.980 --> 30:04.980 the first thing he said was eight. And then when I got to state. 30:05.480 --> 30:07.100 I asked the same question surgery carry. 30:07.670 --> 30:11.060 And I play I got the same answer. He is very hello. It's always 30:11.210 --> 30:16.130 been the On any use a recognition of the fact that I'm for both 30:16.130 --> 30:19.720 of the president was secretary this really use on the top over 30:19.720 --> 30:23.750 party list because I'm we can see. So very clearly. 30:25.190 --> 30:28.310 Future a taking shape in the asia-pacific america's future. 30:28.420 --> 30:31.940 Taking shake the asia-pacific with all of the possibility actually 30:31.940 --> 30:33.760 talk about and TV pee. 30:34.640 --> 30:35.950 Um one we get there. 30:36.920 --> 30:40.450 It has obvious economic benefits which I want rehearsed but I'm 30:40.550 --> 30:43.750 from my vantage point. It's state. It's the strategic benefits 30:43.750 --> 30:44.930 they're equally important. 30:45.600 --> 30:48.030 It's the strongest possible masham too. 30:48.680 --> 30:52.200 Other countries in the region. That were there for the long haul 30:52.550 --> 30:56.560 that are are invasion of once it's would be dictated by. 30:57.320 --> 31:01.610 Temple interests and I simply by as important as they are scary relationships. 31:02.180 --> 31:06.350 And it has the tremendous potential with 40% of the VP covered 31:06.820 --> 31:10.660 to be a magnet to move other countries in the direction of the 31:10.690 --> 31:12.440 the highest up possible standards. 31:13.020 --> 31:14.290 And that's usually important to. 31:15.410 --> 31:17.000 But of course it's not about. 31:17.520 --> 31:22.270 Um the rebalances or TV fee for that matter is not about Isolating 31:22.270 --> 31:25.280 china for keeping it down or contain into the country. 31:25.840 --> 31:28.020 A our hope is that a some point. 31:28.830 --> 31:30.780 China may will be part of to compete. 31:31.400 --> 31:32.690 But there's all you know. 31:33.500 --> 31:37.540 Relationship is I'm incredibly complex that has very important 31:37.720 --> 31:40.770 and growing Allen's cooperation and we've seen that just over 31:40.770 --> 31:41.510 the last year. 31:42.290 --> 31:43.800 Um I mention a couple of these. 31:45.110 --> 31:47.720 The fact that the United States and china could come together 31:47.720 --> 31:48.610 on climate change. 31:49.210 --> 31:52.660 Um is a very powerful message to the rest of the world and has 31:52.660 --> 31:55.090 the potential to bring other countries along was we had the parts. 31:55.750 --> 31:57.310 The work that we did together on Angola. 31:57.890 --> 32:00.550 Also sends a very strong message about what's possible when a 32:00.550 --> 32:03.260 United States and china cooperate and interestingly is you know 32:03.260 --> 32:04.290 from all of your work on this. 32:04.900 --> 32:06.520 Even the military in what curve relationship. 32:07.040 --> 32:10.830 Has improved over the last few years a better for them. 32:10.860 --> 32:15.360 Well. I think they've done is a challenge but it did he really 32:15.360 --> 32:17.570 is I'm making strides but. 32:18.660 --> 32:19.500 Assess the good news. 32:20.430 --> 32:23.830 And actually there are many others of corporation Afghanistan 32:23.830 --> 32:27.030 we've been trained to poet's together um we're looking at work 32:27.030 --> 32:30.200 we've been working together diplomatically in south Sudan um 32:30.400 --> 32:31.780 in many other places around the world. 32:32.430 --> 32:33.580 Uh but is she said. 32:34.250 --> 32:38.060 A China is also taking actions that I'm. 32:38.680 --> 32:42.630 Are. A risk to um the stability. 32:43.160 --> 32:46.300 That that is so necessary for the region to continue to move forward. 32:47.020 --> 32:49.940 Pot and the risk increasing uh increasing tension in south china 32:49.940 --> 32:50.730 sea is. 32:51.460 --> 32:54.420 Probably the most um salient example that. 32:55.850 --> 32:57.920 We've been very clear of including this week. 32:58.550 --> 33:01.600 With a chinese friends and their your disputed any counted dial up. 33:03.620 --> 33:04.270 We said. 33:04.800 --> 33:07.960 That. We don't have as I mentioned earlier. 33:09.450 --> 33:12.820 A position on any of the merits of these different claims but 33:13.270 --> 33:14.470 how the planes are pursued. 33:15.070 --> 33:18.640 Makes a big difference and any actions that threaten to. 33:19.200 --> 33:21.510 Undermine freedom of navigation or prefer flight. 33:22.680 --> 33:24.950 Or the risk to pieces to believe a region. 33:25.640 --> 33:28.050 For the contra beam basic norms last. 33:28.680 --> 33:29.300 That's a problem. 33:30.310 --> 33:32.490 Um. And we had made. 33:33.260 --> 33:35.630 Back and forth conversation with the chinese. 33:36.200 --> 33:40.300 Uh about those two things in one is there's a clear afford for 33:40.300 --> 33:41.070 the south china sea. 33:42.050 --> 33:44.390 And that is for all the quite that's because is not just time. 33:45.260 --> 33:48.340 I it's certainly true that other countries including vietnam 33:48.750 --> 33:52.640 a including Malaysian a including the philippines are negation 33:52.640 --> 33:54.050 their own recollection products. 33:54.740 --> 33:58.220 Of course the the size and scale what china's doing force what 33:58.220 --> 33:59.130 these other countries are due. 33:59.840 --> 34:02.690 But what we've suggested to Wall. 34:03.470 --> 34:06.880 Is a free use fond recollection activities. 34:08.090 --> 34:10.530 The reformation it's all the construction. 34:11.280 --> 34:14.180 Uh the goes on a on these so paul Allen's. 34:14.800 --> 34:18.600 And any villagers a should weather for the fences were other purposes. 34:19.590 --> 34:20.370 If you do that. 34:21.090 --> 34:24.190 You create the time and space actually resolve the differences 34:24.190 --> 34:24.820 that exist. 34:25.490 --> 34:28.700 Peaceful means whether it's arbitration whether it's education 34:28.700 --> 34:30.150 whether it's our. Bilateral. 34:32.060 --> 34:37.350 The Chinese say that their claims are clearer and undisputed 34:37.350 --> 34:40.800 they're not in claims there. He's facts and we said great to 34:40.800 --> 34:43.600 demonstrate the We'll back to a hundred percent. 34:44.330 --> 34:46.340 But you can't expect other countries. 34:46.890 --> 34:49.970 To engage in some kind of an was diplomatic process that goes nowhere. 34:50.630 --> 34:54.080 Where you create what artifacts facts on the city. 34:54.920 --> 34:58.520 So. We'll see if they and the other claimants responded that. 34:59.240 --> 35:05.460 Meanwhile. We will continue to do everything that we are able 35:05.460 --> 35:08.900 and allow them to honor international law including flier proper 35:08.900 --> 35:11.130 planes to international skies. 35:11.960 --> 35:13.750 And driver boats in international waters. 35:14.360 --> 35:15.180 That collection. 35:15.710 --> 35:16.600 I'm going to. 35:17.260 --> 35:21.540 So moving to to be more the middle east me we all said earlier 35:21.540 --> 35:24.500 discussion of dealing with I so. 35:25.160 --> 35:27.860 Um and stirred memories for broccoli. 35:28.770 --> 35:33.570 I'm a couple of question's came out the first is um we clearly 35:33.570 --> 35:39.650 have initial focus on to beating back isis in your rock and and 35:39.650 --> 35:42.780 I think the administration's laid out the strategy. There's a 35:42.780 --> 35:45.960 debate about that should be it the more urgent to leave research 35:45.960 --> 35:48.300 that more and so forth but there is a strategy. 35:48.830 --> 35:51.000 I think I'm a serious side of the border. 35:51.620 --> 35:54.630 It's harder from the outside looking in to really understand 35:54.630 --> 35:59.100 what is the fear in the case was. You know I'm you what is the 35:59.100 --> 36:01.810 strategy on the Syrian side of the Puerto. 36:02.690 --> 36:05.330 Lucy's usually just say we're about iraq person. I'm sure. 36:06.260 --> 36:09.210 Um and this is maybe a good example of what I was talking about 36:09.210 --> 36:13.260 a little earlier about how it's so easy to be capture um my headlined 36:13.260 --> 36:15.250 by snapchat and not a movie producer. 36:16.070 --> 36:19.970 We had the Real setback human body few weeks ago. 36:20.540 --> 36:21.450 And of our products. 36:22.090 --> 36:23.360 And that became. 36:23.960 --> 36:26.790 A almost a a metaphor for failure. 36:27.990 --> 36:31.650 It was a setback in the stimulus and the fact we are all mention 36:31.650 --> 36:32.060 of a minute. 36:33.090 --> 36:35.030 But if you look at the moving picture. 36:35.810 --> 36:38.610 Over the last year since we won this coalition. 36:39.680 --> 36:45.090 The has lost 35% of the territory that it held or controlled. 36:45.650 --> 36:47.280 At the time the coalition was formed. 36:48.240 --> 36:50.240 We have taken out thousands. 36:50.850 --> 36:51.890 Of dash fighters. 36:52.420 --> 36:54.470 And huge amounts to this but area. 36:55.940 --> 36:57.480 And in many parts of iraq. 36:58.400 --> 36:58.900 The out. 36:59.460 --> 37:02.690 In all other places. I'm kind of coarsening or. 37:03.440 --> 37:04.130 Icarus three. 37:04.830 --> 37:06.040 Uh the efforts are going. 37:06.680 --> 37:07.310 Quite well. 37:08.210 --> 37:11.880 Anbar has always been a particular pop and the problem there 37:11.970 --> 37:12.950 is you know so well. 37:13.460 --> 37:18.300 Is that you have an Iraqi national army and security force comprised formerly. 37:19.020 --> 37:19.820 She a fighters. 37:20.450 --> 37:21.580 In a suni area. 37:22.240 --> 37:25.190 An army that felt alien and didn't know why was fighting there 37:25.450 --> 37:29.570 and a populous that didn't particularly a walk to look except 37:29.570 --> 37:30.880 at the end of the same time. 37:31.790 --> 37:35.590 Popular mobilisation forces comprise began predominantly of shia 37:35.590 --> 37:36.860 coming in to sunni areas. 37:37.460 --> 37:40.840 Uh and sometimes liberating cows. But then making some have it 37:41.300 --> 37:41.770 after work. 37:43.060 --> 37:46.850 So the challenge and M four he's been to mobilize cities into 37:46.850 --> 37:47.180 the fight. 37:47.800 --> 37:51.150 And the plan that prime minister body announced in Paris a couple 37:51.150 --> 37:52.450 of weeks go to do just that. 37:53.180 --> 37:57.000 Is exactly the direction. We should go up and we've made it very 37:57.000 --> 37:57.980 clear that we support that. 37:59.160 --> 38:02.000 We also see if you look at anbar you look at a map that. 38:02.870 --> 38:03.780 Much of it is rad. 38:04.670 --> 38:05.610 Red being gosh. 38:06.800 --> 38:07.910 But there's one area is great. 38:08.650 --> 38:11.940 And that's the area immediately around Allah sock where we've 38:11.940 --> 38:16.390 had a presence to help train and integrate both sunni fighters 38:16.420 --> 38:19.930 and I'm an Iraqi forces and we now have another presents for 38:19.930 --> 38:21.850 the president announced a week ago to copped. 38:22.700 --> 38:27.260 We're in east of embark with Alice out of the west and I think 38:27.260 --> 38:30.170 there's really the potential there between a bodies plan and 38:30.170 --> 38:30.960 the work that we're doing. 38:31.530 --> 38:34.280 Up to make a difference and to start to turn anbar in the same 38:34.280 --> 38:36.760 direction that much of the rest of the practice the so. 38:37.670 --> 38:39.720 Um all that though said. 38:40.850 --> 38:43.900 The of the political accommodations that I referenced earlier. 38:44.690 --> 38:45.450 Don't move forward. 38:46.150 --> 38:49.660 The pole put a real ceiling um was actually possible interact 38:49.660 --> 38:51.740 amassed vital and working and everyday serious. 38:53.400 --> 38:54.380 I guess is a two things. 38:55.710 --> 38:57.210 One is that I'm. 38:57.920 --> 39:01.180 As long as assad is there. He will be a magnet. 39:01.800 --> 39:04.050 For about half for extra mess. 39:04.670 --> 39:06.110 The best recruiting tool that they have. 39:06.900 --> 39:07.940 And that's one of. 39:08.460 --> 39:13.370 Many reasons why I'm assad these to be transition about and so 39:13.430 --> 39:14.680 one of the things that were doing. 39:15.270 --> 39:16.840 Is trying to enterprise the diplomacy. 39:17.660 --> 39:18.720 Around that proposition. 39:19.550 --> 39:20.570 And things a change. 39:21.450 --> 39:22.300 Which gives me. 39:22.980 --> 39:25.690 I hope is too strong a word but I think there's greater possibility 39:25.690 --> 39:28.540 for that the policy to start to issued results um. 39:29.270 --> 39:32.320 If you're looking out or from the perspective of patrons of a 39:32.350 --> 39:34.250 of a solid who make a big difference. 39:34.840 --> 39:36.570 Including and maybe started russia. 39:37.440 --> 39:39.790 Um. The dynamics on the ground. 39:40.680 --> 39:45.100 Off with I sold were diet pot taking more and more a territory 39:45.170 --> 39:46.300 in certain parts of syria. 39:47.220 --> 39:48.460 Back poses a growing threat. 39:49.070 --> 39:50.310 A to Russia's interests. 39:51.230 --> 39:55.670 There's also the possibility of what has been turn catastrophic success. 39:55.740 --> 39:58.720 That is a saw goes tomorrow and we're not prepared for it. 39:59.610 --> 40:00.920 And so there's a real incentive. 40:01.870 --> 40:04.270 Including on the part of russia and I would argue even around. 40:05.010 --> 40:06.210 To have a manage transition. 40:06.770 --> 40:10.190 That at least negates the real danger. 40:10.740 --> 40:13.840 Of the post assad vacuum that is still bystanders forces that 40:13.840 --> 40:15.960 are not me interest obviously the United States for partners 40:15.960 --> 40:17.660 in the region. But also not of russian or. 40:18.170 --> 40:20.670 So look to mobile was the beauty of the policy. 40:21.830 --> 40:23.060 Second on the ground. 40:23.950 --> 40:28.270 Other things are happening. It's not just gosh uh rice in the north. 40:29.330 --> 40:32.440 The Syrian kurdish forces in recent weeks. 40:32.960 --> 40:34.620 Have shown dramatic gains. 40:35.290 --> 40:37.090 Supported by our air power. 40:37.730 --> 40:38.770 And there is now. 40:39.600 --> 40:42.310 A long stretch of the border between syria. 40:43.010 --> 40:43.790 And turkey. 40:44.440 --> 40:46.170 That I'm was actually control. 40:47.000 --> 40:49.910 By those forces in alliance with. 40:50.620 --> 40:51.420 Other Syrians. 40:52.160 --> 40:54.830 And that's critical because if you can get that peace. 40:55.910 --> 40:56.830 All across the border. 40:58.110 --> 41:03.310 You can office supply lots between dash and supplies and personnel 41:03.310 --> 41:03.910 coming in. 41:04.550 --> 41:05.460 Primarily from turkey. 41:06.100 --> 41:07.000 And going to rocket. 41:08.230 --> 41:08.800 Their capital. 41:09.810 --> 41:13.450 You said lowly make it more difficult for things to get a door rack. 41:14.270 --> 41:15.080 From outside. 41:15.770 --> 41:18.300 And that begins to have a real impact in this out. 41:19.520 --> 41:24.200 He. Into and free Syrian forces are actually doing quite. 41:24.200 --> 41:28.540 Well uh in areas south of Damascus but the complication there 41:28.540 --> 41:31.520 is that they're often do we sold the lines with use rubber are 41:31.520 --> 41:35.210 all tom and other groups a that would that we can about so that's 41:35.210 --> 41:35.720 a challenge. 41:36.830 --> 41:38.780 We vinnie gazes. You know in this program. 41:39.380 --> 41:43.300 To build up modern syria a opposition and we have to train and 41:43.300 --> 41:44.700 equip program that is just starting. 41:45.660 --> 41:47.420 To I'm really get off the ground. 41:48.290 --> 41:48.990 It's fall. 41:49.640 --> 41:52.660 It's low it takes time. It's not a silver bullet what. 41:54.090 --> 41:56.620 If it begins to show some success. 41:57.230 --> 41:59.030 You can beloved sell because. 41:59.780 --> 42:02.300 As recruits are are looking at their possibilities. 42:03.140 --> 42:05.240 And they see something that's working where they're getting effective 42:05.240 --> 42:08.060 training are getting the right arms to getting the right direction. 42:08.920 --> 42:11.610 They may see that as a more effective vehicle and some of the 42:11.610 --> 42:14.400 other groups that have them a in recent years. 42:15.050 --> 42:18.050 The the same time the authentic reporter with the working with 42:18.050 --> 42:19.710 the opposition embrace ways. 42:20.420 --> 42:21.070 For years now. 42:21.860 --> 42:25.930 And we built up some greater knowledge or stronger relationships 42:26.100 --> 42:27.340 an ability to identify. 42:28.070 --> 42:30.830 Who we can work with effectively and who we can't and I think 42:30.860 --> 42:31.460 there too. 42:32.030 --> 42:34.660 We can start to show um some results. 42:35.540 --> 42:36.350 But the end of the day. 42:37.830 --> 42:39.480 The critical thing is. 42:40.130 --> 42:41.370 To use post. 42:42.020 --> 42:43.480 The changing dynamics on the ground. 42:44.390 --> 42:45.750 And an energized diplomacy. 42:46.340 --> 42:48.070 To move toward a real transition. 42:48.810 --> 42:53.080 That. Make a some time but that Moses shot out keys the institutions 42:53.080 --> 42:53.870 of the state together. 42:54.880 --> 42:59.380 Demonstrates to russia and even a sunset's to iran that many 42:59.380 --> 43:01.900 of their core interests can be preserved preserved in the post 43:01.900 --> 43:02.610 to san syria. 43:03.420 --> 43:04.470 And then allows. 43:05.110 --> 43:09.560 Everyone to focus on the common threat witches extremism so. 43:11.030 --> 43:11.790 This is an easy. 43:12.360 --> 43:16.980 Um picture not simple and It will take some time to do but I 43:16.980 --> 43:19.970 actually think there's a greater dynamic now there's been a time 43:19.970 --> 43:21.860 last two years to move within a more positive. 43:23.480 --> 43:26.120 The mass from a question that we're gonna open it up to all of 43:26.210 --> 43:28.690 is so please be the thinking of here. 43:29.270 --> 43:33.460 A questions uh something as and oddly acer. 43:34.210 --> 43:39.450 Not a essential topic today. It was into the really in your speech 43:39.450 --> 43:43.680 either and yet it's a very important is the and in Afghanistan um. 43:44.200 --> 43:49.460 Um and I think there are many shoe ripley is that in the wake 43:49.460 --> 43:54.420 of um. He Afghan election's and the formation of this. 43:54.920 --> 43:59.920 I'm new government that took some time to form um that the president 43:59.920 --> 44:06.360 was willing to be a bit flexible on me plans for the trick I 44:06.360 --> 44:10.940 down and timelines and so forth to do of um the new government 44:10.940 --> 44:11.690 and more cheese. 44:12.300 --> 44:17.300 A little more of a chance to guarantee to supports the 80 Afghan 44:17.300 --> 44:20.520 national security forces that are for much engaged in the fight. 44:21.370 --> 44:22.140 And so forth. 44:22.730 --> 44:30.640 Um that as the new year. I'm 26 teen the the racial sort of deadline 44:30.640 --> 44:34.420 or are timeline for gone down is still hanging out here. 44:35.150 --> 44:39.810 Um and I wondered it in the wake of kind of what's happened in iraq. 44:40.320 --> 44:41.640 Um as we look. 44:42.210 --> 44:46.180 And you know if we take a forward looking perspective in. 44:46.760 --> 44:52.140 Um. The end of the Afghan pakistan reach intellect that what 44:52.170 --> 44:55.290 that the threat says they are are in what were born in me to 44:55.290 --> 44:57.390 protect dairy interests and future. 44:57.980 --> 45:02.330 Is there in openness and your catch tend to think more about 45:02.790 --> 45:06.570 what should are far should be in Afghanistan in the region. 45:07.010 --> 45:13.920 I'm looking forward 26teen beyond or you know it is me is that 45:13.990 --> 45:17.840 is there. It's are timeline to get tizz Gerald. Absolutely set 45:17.840 --> 45:22.300 in stone um without without being informed by what's neat and 45:22.300 --> 45:23.280 sit 20 sixteen. 45:23.790 --> 45:26.830 What is it. I said what I know you can't make any announcements 45:26.860 --> 45:29.460 that the Underestimated the thinking. 45:30.300 --> 45:31.600 This is a two things first. 45:32.290 --> 45:34.500 In terms of the transition. So that an anti government. 45:35.090 --> 45:38.750 As I mentioned that would not have happened without us and it 45:38.750 --> 45:41.890 would not have happened without the extraordinary personal engagement 45:41.920 --> 45:43.460 of an sector state. 45:44.610 --> 45:48.040 And the team that to the supports that effort that was a great example. 45:48.590 --> 45:49.650 Uh from our leadership. 45:50.780 --> 45:51.880 With regard to. 45:52.520 --> 45:55.270 Where we are him in 27teen and the time. 45:57.500 --> 46:02.110 First. We're going to remain committed a to the country. 46:02.630 --> 46:05.170 No matter what can on the security side. 46:06.140 --> 46:07.180 We're going to have to have. 46:07.990 --> 46:09.670 In places we plan to do now. 46:10.460 --> 46:14.450 Of the ability to continue to prosecute counterterrorism missions. 46:15.180 --> 46:17.680 Prawns security and that of our partners the Afghans. 46:18.220 --> 46:21.960 And also the capacity to continue to support a train Afghan security 46:21.960 --> 46:22.660 forces but. 46:23.690 --> 46:27.360 Uh the presence been very clear that even as we state around 46:27.360 --> 46:29.350 10000 forces to this year. 46:29.900 --> 46:33.620 By the end of 26teen we wanna get down to wait a couple center. 46:34.400 --> 46:38.080 And the sea focus presence and whatever goes along with that 46:38.130 --> 46:39.670 insurers of the security record. 46:40.570 --> 46:43.540 And the rationale from our perspective is this. 46:44.380 --> 46:48.030 Um. We cannot and we should not. 46:49.070 --> 46:51.460 The the get the the guarantor of Afghan security. 46:52.040 --> 46:56.690 Uh. Improve the show meat and the Afghans deserve to know. 46:57.400 --> 46:58.530 What's expected of them. 46:59.090 --> 46:59.980 And what's expected. 47:00.950 --> 47:03.200 In the has an ability to. 47:03.750 --> 47:05.700 Hopefully galvanising entered us. 47:06.270 --> 47:06.860 Their own commit. 47:07.700 --> 47:10.340 Uh to look out for their own security and take the steps necessary 47:10.340 --> 47:13.450 with our strong support and that of our partners up to get there. 47:14.370 --> 47:18.430 So that's the that's the ration out um. That's the thinking I 47:18.430 --> 47:19.680 think you see already that. 47:20.390 --> 47:23.730 Within those parameters as you said the president has a adjusted. 47:24.290 --> 47:27.420 Are given gritted you're given flexibility including to the military 47:27.420 --> 47:31.490 to look at glide past and to up to change from a as necessary. 47:32.000 --> 47:34.630 But At the end of the day. 47:35.960 --> 47:39.290 In place after place including Afghanistan ultimately. 47:40.370 --> 47:42.280 People have to be willing to stand and fight. 47:42.800 --> 47:44.500 For their own countries with our support. 47:45.150 --> 47:46.130 With our systems. 47:46.970 --> 47:49.670 With our best advice but they need. 47:50.300 --> 47:55.050 To take the lead to take the responsibility and being clear about. 47:55.890 --> 47:59.380 When they're expected to do that is the best wake up to get them 47:59.380 --> 48:02.740 to stand up and do this the You just to follow up on this. 48:02.770 --> 48:05.920 I think the the thing that I have trouble squaring is. 48:06.490 --> 48:10.140 The objective said continue to support the nsa from and continued 48:10.140 --> 48:14.010 development with a absolutely. No lee clearly having responsibility 48:14.010 --> 48:15.170 for the country's security. 48:15.680 --> 48:20.940 And continuing to conduct. The fact their joint counter terrorism 48:20.970 --> 48:24.360 operations that protect our interests is was and it's not clear 48:24.360 --> 48:28.490 to me that you can do those things with a kabul centric force 48:28.520 --> 48:32.020 for kabul only force and I think that's the depression and people 48:32.020 --> 48:35.080 that have that that that is a for question and let's see how 48:35.110 --> 48:39.020 about how things evolve as you said about you know you know enhances. 48:39.210 --> 48:43.110 Okay so we're gonna do it to be audience. I'm sear with the paid 48:43.220 --> 48:45.660 holding up the piece of paper that was in a very effective. 48:46.520 --> 48:47.240 The tactic. 48:48.680 --> 48:52.500 Do I might pay them all he said data marshall him for a no show 48:52.500 --> 48:55.590 you wanna see you thank you for that the parade which speech. 48:56.240 --> 49:00.080 Uh before you came all solvent insolvent of create gone. A couple 49:00.080 --> 49:01.180 of things um. 49:02.010 --> 49:04.730 And that's your cheshire on the same point about fee. 49:05.720 --> 49:09.260 Sort of guinea to focus on commonalities with some of these are 49:09.260 --> 49:12.750 version for rising hours of stroke about trying to users of a 49:12.750 --> 49:14.430 multi as city de. 49:14.990 --> 49:20.390 Um you mentioned and assorted other speakers um the climate change. 49:20.500 --> 49:22.500 It bowl a Afghanistan. 49:23.050 --> 49:26.060 These are areas where it's clear that there is no. 49:26.780 --> 49:30.610 There's no conflict is no need for them to accommodate our interests. 49:30.640 --> 49:35.020 We have clearly common interests. They have at least at this 49:35.020 --> 49:38.370 large if not a larger presence in africa from so Apple there 49:38.370 --> 49:41.380 people are dying because of terrible coal problems in china. 49:41.380 --> 49:45.170 It's clear Afghanistan's borders and not OS old VC's. 49:45.680 --> 49:49.970 Question I guess for ah sues for me to truly believe that there 49:50.020 --> 49:54.340 is a future in looking at an approach with trying out looking 49:54.380 --> 49:58.480 at where the commonalities are interested to get their thoughts 49:58.530 --> 50:00.800 about where we can start making headway. 50:01.310 --> 50:05.410 Where there is indeed for them to accommodates some of our principal 50:05.410 --> 50:10.700 concerns such a as it. Obviously cyber and that most of the depicts. 50:10.700 --> 50:14.610 Okay for you but their number brother things involving trade 50:14.610 --> 50:20.550 practices to say nothing of apparent lead to complete retraction 50:20.960 --> 50:25.720 of any concept of of the western style government that are making 50:25.720 --> 50:28.610 we don't care much about that anymore but at the interested to 50:28.610 --> 50:31.310 see the group focused in on those series works and not. 50:31.960 --> 50:34.760 Completely in their interest to do it with the nicci's take some 50:34.760 --> 50:36.640 steps to accommodate our views her. 50:37.670 --> 50:38.970 You know I think that there are. 50:41.000 --> 50:44.500 Clear. Trans and lessons that suggest that. 50:45.700 --> 50:46.780 In various ways. 50:47.480 --> 50:51.540 Uh it may be welcome to the conclusion of the the chinese that 50:51.540 --> 50:54.060 they need to open directions that are more. 50:55.040 --> 50:57.780 Collar with it that the direction. We've taken and let me give 50:57.780 --> 51:00.010 you two examples um. 51:00.870 --> 51:05.240 First. One of the things this was so striking about interactions 51:05.240 --> 51:08.610 in the south china seas andy's chassis for for that matter. 51:09.440 --> 51:11.700 Pot has been the effect it's out on their neighbors. 51:12.500 --> 51:14.460 And We now have. 51:15.190 --> 51:17.060 We're countries in southeast asia. 51:17.720 --> 51:19.170 Looking to the United States. 51:20.150 --> 51:23.000 And striking stronger relationship with us. 51:23.800 --> 51:24.670 Then we're we're hat. 51:25.470 --> 51:27.450 Up less because of what we've done. 51:28.090 --> 51:32.150 Than because of what china's got will have me general secretary. 51:32.730 --> 51:35.610 Of the communist party vietnam coming to the United States to 51:35.610 --> 51:39.840 visit president obama a and just up about 10 days time the first 51:39.840 --> 51:43.010 visit by general secretary in history of the twentieth anniversary 51:43.010 --> 51:46.730 the restoration relations relationship with vietnam is move to. 51:47.340 --> 51:49.330 A very different place in part of that has been. 51:49.850 --> 51:51.890 I'm actually enters dies but china's actions. 51:53.240 --> 51:55.000 I solution conversations some. 51:55.610 --> 51:58.410 Blasted I was in beijing and then again at the beacon Street 51:58.410 --> 52:00.110 in a got talent with china about that. 52:00.950 --> 52:03.600 And I see just a to them the Wall. 52:04.460 --> 52:06.210 Our countries were of course very different. 52:07.270 --> 52:10.020 Different systems differ histories different stages of development. 52:10.770 --> 52:13.650 That. In some ways without over simplifying it. 52:14.610 --> 52:18.340 China today is a little bit. We're United States was at the end 52:18.340 --> 52:21.790 of world war two than we were the emerging global power. 52:22.390 --> 52:25.190 And our leaders have to decide how to use that out. 52:25.940 --> 52:27.630 And of course the decisions that they made. 52:28.280 --> 52:32.870 Were to write the rules creating institutions develop a norms. 52:33.400 --> 52:36.770 That. On one level actually constrained our power because we 52:36.770 --> 52:40.300 gave other countries a voice and of oh an inability to shape 52:40.300 --> 52:41.280 the direction of the world. 52:41.990 --> 52:43.460 Engine of course the real effect. 52:44.200 --> 52:46.880 Was to diss incentivise other countries. 52:47.410 --> 52:50.300 From gathering together against us because they feared our power. 52:50.990 --> 52:52.700 And as a result we actually. 52:53.430 --> 52:57.360 Magnified and extended our influence and I suggested to our chinese 52:57.360 --> 52:59.520 friends that that there might be something interesting. 53:00.160 --> 53:00.770 In that was. 53:01.400 --> 53:01.960 We'll see. 53:02.540 --> 53:07.790 Second. But I do think that they're going to have to increasingly absorb. 53:08.270 --> 53:10.450 The fact. That their actions. 53:11.240 --> 53:14.580 Have consequences and some of them are not the intended consequences 53:14.940 --> 53:18.490 in terms of how other nations respond second. 53:20.380 --> 53:22.710 When you think about the wealth of the nation. 53:23.570 --> 53:24.540 And what defines it. 53:26.450 --> 53:29.530 If we talked about that 50 years ago or a hundred years ago you 53:29.530 --> 53:33.250 probably talk about how large the country's size of its land 53:33.330 --> 53:35.230 sizes population. The strain. 53:35.770 --> 53:38.910 In size and this military the abundance of natural resources. 53:39.430 --> 53:41.720 And of course all those things still matter and as it happens 53:42.110 --> 53:45.920 United States and china are both very wealthy by those voters but. 53:46.950 --> 53:47.530 We know. 53:48.110 --> 53:49.260 Then in this century. 53:49.920 --> 53:52.960 The true well for the nation is defined by its human resources 53:52.990 --> 53:53.820 and is special in. 53:54.360 --> 53:56.800 They're ability to innovate. To create. 53:57.360 --> 54:01.340 The thing to a strange ideas are due to criticize. 54:02.560 --> 54:05.150 The nation's that maximize the potential. 54:06.120 --> 54:08.610 Are the nation's that will truly succeed in the 20 per century 54:09.080 --> 54:09.840 and back to. 54:10.390 --> 54:13.480 Has implications for china. We haven't seen them yet. 54:14.030 --> 54:14.890 I'm convinced. 54:15.540 --> 54:19.260 That uh we well so I think they're larger dynamics. 54:19.800 --> 54:20.400 At play. 54:20.930 --> 54:23.760 That suggests to me that over the next 10 or 15 years. 54:24.370 --> 54:28.620 Um. There will be affects some away china decides to conduct 54:28.620 --> 54:29.440 itself my world. 54:30.040 --> 54:31.640 That move it actually closer. 54:32.420 --> 54:34.050 Up to what's at the same time. 54:35.090 --> 54:35.780 Here are now. 54:37.010 --> 54:38.790 Is they take actions that are inconsistent. 54:39.340 --> 54:40.100 With our interests. 54:41.030 --> 54:44.420 We will uphold of those interests. I talk a little bit about 54:44.450 --> 54:46.930 the of the south china seas but we also believe that. 54:47.710 --> 54:49.960 The more we can maximize areas of cooperation. 54:50.600 --> 54:51.200 And obviously. 54:51.770 --> 54:55.200 Trade investment is is critical because of the benefits that 54:55.200 --> 54:56.080 baseball to us. 54:56.770 --> 54:58.230 And that creates at least. 54:58.930 --> 55:02.020 Um. A frame around wage. 55:02.870 --> 55:06.490 Uh the relationship hope we will not deviate because of the common 55:06.490 --> 55:10.020 interest in preserving those benefits um but the more that we 55:10.020 --> 55:13.880 do that I think up the more it will be um. 55:14.510 --> 55:15.780 Clearly any interest in china. 55:16.670 --> 55:20.590 To make accommodations where our interests part Cofler. 55:22.740 --> 55:26.060 A Right. Here. 55:30.980 --> 55:34.140 Right the change any pretend apart always changing media quirk 55:34.140 --> 55:38.490 one-off TV network in china and eat your destination in your 55:38.760 --> 55:42.600 eyes speech. He said that china and us maybe three two maybe 55:42.600 --> 55:46.040 three relations he's getting better and we know gender if intel 55:46.040 --> 55:50.070 will just be some us and I just wanted to please give us some 55:50.100 --> 55:53.550 the tell slacked what is a train about the nitty three two maybe 55:53.550 --> 55:57.070 three dress in china relations and what I the passable ups term 55:57.070 --> 56:01.430 coast has pharmacy are concerned drinks that you're a I actually 56:01.430 --> 56:04.570 had the opportunity to meet with gentle fond when when he was here. 56:05.140 --> 56:07.700 Uh and we had a very good exchange. Of course more importantly 56:07.700 --> 56:11.150 he sought the sector defense and be a question where the joint chiefs. 56:12.060 --> 56:13.440 Um and I say that. 56:14.000 --> 56:14.840 We're really. 56:15.460 --> 56:19.830 Seeing three strong pillars emerge and the military voucher relationship. 56:20.710 --> 56:27.710 First I'm Increasing and sustained a dialogue and exchange uh 56:27.710 --> 56:33.090 we have more. A meetings back and forth including the one you decided. 56:33.690 --> 56:36.440 Then we'd ever hat including its most senior levels and that 56:36.440 --> 56:39.670 kind of regular contact and exchanges also lower levels. 56:40.250 --> 56:43.910 I'm starts to build a little bit more trust and confidence and 56:43.910 --> 56:46.000 that's important and we're doing more to the waver hat. 56:46.630 --> 56:49.340 Second. Actual practical cooperation. 56:50.090 --> 56:54.780 Uh when it comes to a exercises um when it comes to working together 56:55.230 --> 56:57.010 a in areas like counter parsley. 56:57.540 --> 56:59.130 Or humanitarian response. 56:59.810 --> 57:01.240 Um that too. 57:02.180 --> 57:02.980 Build trust. 57:03.590 --> 57:06.110 Incompetence. And then finally. 57:06.870 --> 57:07.950 Making sure that. 57:08.990 --> 57:10.420 We have mechanisms in place. 57:11.150 --> 57:12.850 To deal with potential differences. 57:13.360 --> 57:16.360 And disputes and there to just over last. 57:17.090 --> 57:17.920 Not or someone's. 57:18.440 --> 57:20.390 Uh we've I work together to develop. 57:21.020 --> 57:25.050 More confidence building measures that actually I'm address that 57:25.190 --> 57:28.940 the challenge including for example procedures one our aircraft 57:29.080 --> 57:32.950 may come into close contact to the conflicts them and avoid pop 57:32.980 --> 57:35.580 any um and uh uh undesired. 57:36.290 --> 57:37.640 A conflict so. 57:38.420 --> 57:42.660 The the to those leg of the in the stool are being builds and 57:42.660 --> 57:44.110 are getting getting stronger. 57:44.660 --> 57:47.770 And I think that at least offers the the prospect for. 57:48.410 --> 57:52.220 Um. Both greater stability log perimeter relationship. 57:53.000 --> 57:55.420 Finding greater areas of cooperation and then. 57:56.190 --> 58:00.470 What our forces as increasingly with china's growing up it's 58:00.470 --> 58:04.460 maybe a military as Is totally understandable in a country. 58:04.460 --> 58:05.610 That's growing economically. 58:06.730 --> 58:10.800 Um. As those forces coming to warm or contact and make sure that 58:11.040 --> 58:14.140 uh there is no there are no unintended consequences that. 58:15.950 --> 58:19.000 Today this is been terrific because I knew it would be a um and 58:19.000 --> 58:22.400 we did have we'd love to keep you for longer but we know we you 58:22.400 --> 58:25.780 have the next eight hours of your day to have that to start the Alice. 58:25.780 --> 58:28.660 So thank you so much for joining us please trying.. Mm-Hm. 58:35.270 --> 58:41.170 Mm-hm. You made it. 58:43.020 --> 58:46.780 This is bad a were just coming to the conclusion that I'm far 58:46.780 --> 58:51.560 conference that it's been a week I think they really wonderful 58:51.560 --> 58:55.660 day and I I I if nothing else. I think we have succeeded and 58:55.950 --> 58:59.260 celebrating that to date on a number of the issues that will 58:59.260 --> 59:04.250 be most important to us national security. I'm in the in the 59:04.250 --> 59:06.010 next the years. I had..