WEBVTT 00:20.780 --> 00:25.580 Inside this at the so using a modified military radar for weather research. 00:26.180 --> 00:28.550 Improving lazy is for defense and combat. 00:29.150 --> 00:32.780 In refining tactical and technological mess dates for tracking 00:32.780 --> 00:33.830 nuclear. Threats. 00:42.650 --> 00:43.470 Curry chain point. 00:44.230 --> 00:47.170 Published a town the california highway can be sitting. 00:47.670 --> 00:50.230 Here tourists that peeks at the sea need you. 00:50.980 --> 00:54.350 Whales beached the water tips Meena came with the setting in denying. 00:54.350 --> 00:58.390 He was a will cite a larger radar on the back of a transport truck. 00:58.950 --> 01:02.630 That's part of the study conducted by in PSN center for into 01:02.630 --> 01:07.100 disciplinary remotely piloted aircraft studies forster pass for short. 01:07.790 --> 01:11.460 Today we're using the mobile radar trap which is a face to re 01:11.460 --> 01:16.120 system palm supporting an experiment by the university of miami 01:16.440 --> 01:20.650 from looking at Atmospheric conditions of Stratus clouds typically 01:20.650 --> 01:24.790 found often fixer helps in we're looking at the physics of the cloud. 01:25.340 --> 01:30.820 And we were utilize same chaff and salt to be able to those flick 01:30.820 --> 01:33.730 of a cloud in the salt in the kill eight bigger drop once in 01:33.730 --> 01:38.040 initiate trusts all the radar itself is in the army phased array 01:38.040 --> 01:43.610 system that we acquired from the army back about 2000 and the 01:43.650 --> 01:47.650 main purpose was that everybody in the research community this 01:47.650 --> 01:52.990 scientific community wanted a mobile phased array radar and so 01:52.990 --> 01:56.940 over over the past 10 years we've modified the radar to. 01:57.440 --> 02:02.410 I'm allowed to do me a logical work and that was done in conjunction 02:02.410 --> 02:04.340 with tear verse city of Oklahoma. 02:04.940 --> 02:08.750 Lively Stein and me when out storm chasing with them and others 02:09.200 --> 02:13.400 I'm to be able to incur mentally developed the software other 02:13.400 --> 02:17.380 tools that the rate are needed to people provide sign to the capability. 02:18.230 --> 02:22.160 You take the military system. We kept the mill turn radar portion 02:22.160 --> 02:25.020 and then we got rid of their processor and their control. 02:25.560 --> 02:30.260 We have a processor here to on basically collector process the 02:30.260 --> 02:34.320 data and then we have our who we all the controls for the radars 02:34.320 --> 02:35.210 than from the laptop. 02:35.810 --> 02:40.250 Sell we turn into a very simple system grant to this is not doing 02:40.250 --> 02:43.670 minutes military function sell. It's it's doing something else 02:43.670 --> 02:45.780 completely different that it was designed for. 02:46.310 --> 02:51.190 These working on this by one radar a is plough forms of so coming 02:51.190 --> 02:52.800 year work on a land a short are different. 02:53.410 --> 02:56.840 Prius say yeah was a nice like three to technician on the esc 02:56.840 --> 03:00.520 to a six non anti-shiv missile defence freyre system. Maybe is 03:00.520 --> 03:03.780 lobby out water at arsenal side being made a park or something 03:03.780 --> 03:07.250 that appears to be older outdated the son learn all about the 03:07.250 --> 03:10.130 your algi. That's leah defer aspect of using radar for sure. 03:10.920 --> 03:13.780 I'm sure everybody has seen the weather channel for the local 03:13.780 --> 03:18.210 news and the doppler radars and that data they collect to display 03:18.210 --> 03:23.080 anti a lot of those systems take approximately maybe 15 to 20 03:23.080 --> 03:27.000 minutes to collect the data will weaken collector an entire volley 03:27.000 --> 03:31.680 em in up about a minute to a minute in half it's very fantastic 03:31.680 --> 03:35.580 can stay in the entire stormed and about some five sack. 03:35.620 --> 03:38.840 It's what we're looking for is basically very typical data we 03:38.840 --> 03:43.620 turn that we'd see on any PPI we can see the aircrafts we can 03:43.650 --> 03:47.950 see wham the aircraft has expanded the chaff and when the chaff 03:47.950 --> 03:51.790 start to blowing which the bloom arrayed and then for operator 03:51.790 --> 03:55.320 the chaff will depend upon once again the Atmospheric conditions. 03:56.600 --> 03:59.810 Twin otters are primary research aircraft and we've made quite 03:59.810 --> 04:04.010 a few modifications to a that mean inland on the nose some hard 04:04.010 --> 04:07.710 points on the wings and we have villa the to drop things from 04:07.710 --> 04:09.830 a like challenge for center Billy is. 04:10.370 --> 04:14.320 Um being carried quite a bit events rotation in the the slush 04:14.320 --> 04:15.160 of aircraft. 04:15.850 --> 04:20.340 On the wing there is say a club to sex and aerosol combination 04:20.340 --> 04:24.840 of probes is in these probes the measure droplet number and size 04:25.250 --> 04:29.170 and also heiress all I'm neck is a Sin idea of exactly what's 04:29.170 --> 04:33.660 making a the physics of the copped. So what's the size the number 04:34.040 --> 04:38.660 the composition wits affecting. Those droplets in the cloud all 04:38.660 --> 04:43.650 can be measured from those instruments into about three to four 04:43.650 --> 04:47.630 or science missions a year with the twin are sometimes more um 04:47.660 --> 04:50.180 mobile radar. Maybe one or two missions a year. 04:50.820 --> 04:54.390 I'm primarily I'm for the mobile radar. It's a severe storm later. 04:55.020 --> 04:58.680 Expanded you've primarily get the best I'm banking of Oxford 04:58.680 --> 04:59.790 sign-ups looking at. 05:00.300 --> 05:05.530 Um um we're all toll phenomena have a lot of scatter a thunderstorm 05:05.530 --> 05:08.800 has a lot of cloud droplets. It will scatter expand back. 05:10.050 --> 05:13.470 Laid down moaning the data on that we have plucked it over the 05:13.470 --> 05:17.830 past four ron's today was a full ryan last about two and a half hours. 05:18.180 --> 05:22.240 So we have a violent eight to 10 hours worth of data to download 05:22.580 --> 05:25.090 and whole flee in about the next hour and a half the battle will 05:25.090 --> 05:29.180 be downloaded will send a two another person who'll transcribe 05:29.180 --> 05:32.510 it for the universe. He miami and then they'll take the data 05:32.510 --> 05:33.180 and process. 05:34.010 --> 05:37.050 And it's one of the things I think showcases what we can do that 05:37.080 --> 05:41.770 and hp yes or pass which is being both a a a military organization 05:41.770 --> 05:46.790 pride and 80 Annie university making going to the um military inventory. 05:47.290 --> 05:50.640 Get some peaceful quit that that's not being utilized and then 05:50.930 --> 05:54.940 take adequate that modified to give it a new capability which 05:55.090 --> 05:57.910 is involving the sciences and so. 05:58.630 --> 06:03.120 Doubt radar is not really X asa bowl to anybody else in the near 06:03.120 --> 06:06.880 perceived world like suffer pass me to go into the in the tory 06:06.880 --> 06:10.040 de that modify it and then work with other universities to bring 06:10.040 --> 06:13.720 a whole new capability to bear which allows some new types of 06:13.720 --> 06:15.540 measurements adjusts for possible before. 06:17.360 --> 06:20.610 Now I'm back to completing finishing their pathway now I'm yeah 06:20.640 --> 06:23.930 I'm mad aid. We're made this time supporting mass that collecting 06:23.930 --> 06:27.920 pollution data in southern california of nights scientists some 06:27.920 --> 06:31.110 law enforcement team up to see newly a nuclear threat and the 06:31.110 --> 06:32.290 scene in says go. Day. 06:45.800 --> 06:46.610 Ooh ooh. 06:48.020 --> 06:51.880 Across the bay from services care allen made a island a former 06:51.880 --> 06:56.200 naval facility now from port to maybe cargo vessels on this day. 06:56.310 --> 07:00.430 It is a testing area for maritime interdiction operations and 07:00.430 --> 07:04.620 weapons of mass destruction intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance. 07:05.240 --> 07:09.470 On board the envy Cape Orlando participants and observers gather 07:09.500 --> 07:10.490 at the morning meeting. 07:11.180 --> 07:15.340 Pimp yes professor alex bird at skate leads the multi part field experiment. 07:16.310 --> 07:18.010 All to put together. 07:18.530 --> 07:24.890 New calm for a double U the isr populations as they unfold raised 07:24.890 --> 07:29.070 on the small crop breath in the area or what carter shoot duly 07:29.070 --> 07:33.490 arrayed for the threat full which eerie I'll for the albanians 07:33.810 --> 07:38.380 all of you lisa from a cheery al a trafficking into the aerial 07:38.380 --> 07:41.440 for Kutcher. That's basically use call. 07:41.960 --> 07:43.230 Off Arch fermentation. 07:44.600 --> 07:48.400 The experiment is parted by lawrence weber more national laboratory 07:48.600 --> 07:52.220 technology firms law enforcement and defense agencies. 07:53.190 --> 07:56.580 The plans to simulate nuclear threat at sea and um I hadn't. 07:57.260 --> 08:00.290 Anti is an assortment of technology in tactics to detect and 08:00.290 --> 08:02.170 track radioactive. Materials. 08:07.650 --> 08:10.840 We're inching laser spectroscopy sister their right to back a 08:10.840 --> 08:11.540 rental truck. 08:12.340 --> 08:16.480 Operators roam the poured skating nearby wear. Hats is for radioactive material. 08:17.430 --> 08:19.940 Him the fire exit sign inside the. Building. 08:22.670 --> 08:23.210 There's a. White. 08:25.830 --> 08:29.410 Yeah it's a naval they'll to to get the inside a feeling of janet. 08:30.290 --> 08:33.210 A shut the door for that play shut the of. 08:34.910 --> 08:36.340 Signed up for most of the time. 08:38.180 --> 08:39.020 I'm actually shooting. 08:39.830 --> 08:42.430 Since the door to the shooting Weibo there. But it's. Good. 08:46.660 --> 08:50.430 The systems boxy design basic laptop innovative game control 08:50.430 --> 08:52.760 pad the lie. It's true capabilities. 08:53.510 --> 08:57.150 One laser history ajayan despise Madonna surface over target. 08:57.940 --> 09:01.500 Another laser stimulates amplify. The missions from the plasma 09:01.840 --> 09:04.130 that is detective. I wanna more Specter's dips. 09:04.910 --> 09:08.700 The game induced. But second laser the text traces of explosives 09:08.850 --> 09:11.050 and other substances concert shows. 09:12.530 --> 09:15.070 Don't fairly fired three times in in your your read. 09:16.130 --> 09:16.830 It gets ahead. 09:17.420 --> 09:21.300 PC. Exact ranging amount of material that can be detected by 09:21.300 --> 09:22.790 the system is held. Secret. 09:27.150 --> 09:27.880 That city. 09:29.510 --> 09:32.570 The marine unit of the sample to scare of police department tracked 09:32.570 --> 09:35.560 a small boat suspected of carrying nuclear material. 09:36.210 --> 09:40.470 The small but in this instance oppressed garden story baseload one.. Yeah. 09:41.340 --> 09:48.730 Yeah. David trim being era of lawrence liver more national laboratory explains. 09:49.070 --> 09:54.140 So we're saying now as Bad on the target. That's the way and 09:54.250 --> 09:55.080 have detected. 09:55.720 --> 09:58.620 Radiation. It's a continues to go up. 09:59.600 --> 10:01.840 That's for red saying it's above are. 10:02.410 --> 10:03.050 But never again. 10:03.980 --> 10:04.780 For your love all. 10:05.460 --> 10:06.680 So now we're saying. 10:07.490 --> 10:10.090 This made in a energies back for that. 10:11.170 --> 10:11.720 Knows you. 10:12.400 --> 10:16.990 Information about four that's something that by doing a wire. 10:17.810 --> 10:19.460 We have the data we can. 10:20.070 --> 10:22.550 Set in the Show. 10:23.290 --> 10:24.070 Breach back. 10:24.610 --> 10:26.150 And the way this is re. 10:26.660 --> 10:30.890 Is that was saying is that say is that specter of it's actually 10:30.890 --> 10:35.460 going one minute count and why be closed we're getting all the information. 10:35.960 --> 10:40.810 Um as soon as the one that is the on the spectrum is automatically 10:40.860 --> 10:42.460 posted on observer of the 10:43.940 --> 10:47.480 Observer's reviewing the data at the operation center would pour 10:47.480 --> 10:51.190 in a in among subject matter experts and advise the boring team 10:51.270 --> 10:52.770 on how to handle a search. 10:53.780 --> 10:58.080 So off entry for the results sunday. He met he's board made to 10:58.080 --> 11:01.420 serious of the maneuvers troops are different detection. Results. 11:04.290 --> 11:06.910 That's guinea training like the same size. 11:08.010 --> 11:08.490 Yeah yeah. 11:09.710 --> 11:10.740 No greater than that. 11:11.750 --> 11:12.650 The on and off.. Good. 11:13.370 --> 11:23.200 Good. He is. 11:23.900 --> 11:25.790 Researchers can after the tax savings. 11:26.330 --> 11:30.030 Not just because of what this go and have a name gotten that 11:30.030 --> 11:32.800 because of that a ability of communicating without the need for 11:32.800 --> 11:34.160 the director's surges. 11:35.000 --> 11:39.180 Until recently doing so electronically has the same as the tunnel. 11:40.100 --> 11:44.060 However after numerous tests corded skin is team have shown and 11:44.060 --> 11:44.680 is possible. 11:45.770 --> 11:49.270 The diver using a wireless device can send messages and pictures 11:49.300 --> 11:52.120 via bluetooth to the hardware it computer sing here in the bread 11:52.120 --> 11:56.190 box the Billy contains a computer hard wired to the second beer 11:56.220 --> 11:57.060 placed under. Water. 12:00.390 --> 12:03.200 Operations tech you dish or side or wrote. 12:03.860 --> 12:06.750 Printed messages and pictures to the hard wired device. 12:08.350 --> 12:11.110 The hardware devise ways to the underwater computer. 12:11.690 --> 12:15.430 You cannot compare sends the data via bluetooth to the diverse 12:15.530 --> 12:16.580 wireless device. 12:18.170 --> 12:19.870 The method one working or versus well. 12:20.850 --> 12:23.980 It's such a method were perfect and with little to no lacked 12:23.980 --> 12:27.360 a and it would significantly Avian decreasing search times and 12:27.360 --> 12:29.000 increasing safety for. Divers. 12:30.930 --> 12:35.010 On this occasion. They also plan to test ellie seawater which 12:35.010 --> 12:39.020 can eliminate in tranted data simultaneously the basis. 12:39.020 --> 12:42.870 This electoral luminescence. Oh we have going on here is an elvy 12:42.870 --> 12:47.260 see it's a light and beating capacitor. So you can't very very 12:47.260 --> 12:52.020 long links that are deploy able quickly easily to put a defended 12:52.020 --> 12:55.840 pathway downer to get people the Fairy lots of people out a long 12:55.840 --> 12:57.270 and has my situation. 12:57.830 --> 13:00.820 And they can run along the line in their responders can therefore 13:00.820 --> 13:03.170 work on the people that are down to truly need their help. 13:03.990 --> 13:08.330 Another advantage to this is that any form of data homme control 13:08.330 --> 13:12.400 power convinced can be sent down the middle of this like because 13:12.400 --> 13:15.070 the light lives in a cylindrical aspect around. 13:17.300 --> 13:22.220 A message of march the and what are your new worse cases of technology 13:22.650 --> 13:23.930 to quickly detect a threat. 13:25.580 --> 13:27.830 A land of me would be used them back. 13:29.630 --> 13:32.780 An underwater are being will be use check outside of the hall. 13:34.880 --> 13:38.350 Another effective tool is the camera rape germania him and the jar. 13:38.970 --> 13:43.600 This is an image to candle of a cobalt 60 and cesium one 37 and 13:43.600 --> 13:47.300 a your cranium source and in about three to five minutes we're 13:47.300 --> 13:50.180 but localize the cesium local boss 60 because they are fairly 13:50.180 --> 13:54.290 high energy camera is it's a fairly act radioactive sources this 13:54.290 --> 13:58.490 city rainy and we have a love lies in about 10 minutes this south 13:58.490 --> 14:02.180 for asa lets us collector at denise factual information as well 14:02.180 --> 14:03.800 and from this we can actually see. 14:04.370 --> 14:08.120 The unique a radiation from each of the isotopes for conceived 14:08.120 --> 14:10.070 and cesium one from southern along with this. 14:10.580 --> 14:12.460 To to the some radium ones us. Wow. 14:21.830 --> 14:24.770 Us coastguard service. The boring team and make their way through 14:24.770 --> 14:28.310 the vessel along the way members tested communication system 14:28.630 --> 14:32.330 using a Tiber go masham angry lace placed at key points for of 14:32.330 --> 14:32.660 the ship. 14:33.530 --> 14:37.690 In the engine from david trim being a hides the radioactive material.. So. 14:39.740 --> 14:43.870 So. Two years. 14:45.320 --> 14:45.690 We're. Here. 14:48.230 --> 14:51.460 Who brought in here. Was. 14:52.430 --> 14:57.540 Cielo. The boarding team arrives and then dinner and attempts 14:57.540 --> 14:58.620 to contact the. Bridge. 15:04.830 --> 15:08.290 Boarding team is test the room with a rating a private identification. Device. 15:10.970 --> 15:12.300 They get an instant response.. Area. 15:13.670 --> 15:26.180 Area. But they've trouble meringue down where the threat is located. 15:27.030 --> 15:30.050 Notably the burnley colored containers Janette stand out among 15:30.050 --> 15:32.440 the various warrant science and kanaval quentin to. 15:32.980 --> 15:35.640 The nuclear material is effectively hidden in plain. Sight. 15:47.190 --> 15:48.430 Many years of. Her. 15:54.100 --> 15:57.670 In any case surging by side is not the primary objective. 15:58.570 --> 16:02.490 The boring team must fall their training use the device and ascertain 16:02.490 --> 16:06.320 location the radioactive material because the cesium and cobalt 16:06.380 --> 16:07.530 or so near to each other. 16:08.210 --> 16:11.770 Are radion implied identification that I skits back on readings. 16:12.510 --> 16:15.800 From being a rare shares to tame a paddy use their but them to 16:15.800 --> 16:16.600 detect the threat. 16:17.500 --> 16:20.710 They share somehow a smoke detector can produce a false positive. 16:21.710 --> 16:24.550 He shows the location of the season them call ball. 16:26.960 --> 16:30.620 What for desk is tame as a tactic a stolen next to face it. 16:31.540 --> 16:34.970 Are gaining the interest of local and parchment and the department 16:34.970 --> 16:36.080 of homeland security. 16:36.670 --> 16:40.100 It appears such maritime interdiction operations were mainly 16:40.100 --> 16:41.330 crucial learning. Tool. 17:02.750 --> 17:06.800 Men 80 for the first time will deploy a solid state laser aboard USS. 17:06.830 --> 17:10.900 Ponce officials said a laser program the central to deliver advanced 17:10.900 --> 17:14.710 capabilities the for deployed forces because it compliments kinetic 17:14.710 --> 17:17.290 weapons to create a better player protection. 17:18.050 --> 17:22.340 From sign space in to science facts from dance clubs in CD players 17:22.340 --> 17:26.760 to guided missiles and Reagan and lasers to change our way of life. 17:27.320 --> 17:31.710 A great advances also come with great hurdles away the recession 17:31.760 --> 17:35.160 than can had been working to solve the technologies won the tasting 17:35.290 --> 17:37.040 one for faster explains more. 17:38.390 --> 17:39.640 Amy's keys come. 17:40.280 --> 17:42.640 Research assistant professor in the physics department. 17:43.280 --> 17:47.310 And part of armies church is looking at how weather impacts performance 17:47.310 --> 17:51.530 of a high energy laser a laser isn't device that produces a beam 17:51.530 --> 17:56.020 of coherent mites ants different than and your your typical flashlight 17:56.020 --> 18:00.160 in the sense that that beam of light does is highly focused and 18:00.190 --> 18:03.720 it's an a pure way like the pure color. So high nation laser 18:03.810 --> 18:07.630 is seen basic principles of of a low power laser that might have 18:07.630 --> 18:11.130 a DVD player. So you have taxin drinking medium that you have 18:11.130 --> 18:16.140 to energizing someone a Annie produce a I didn't Bemis um of 18:16.140 --> 18:21.410 lights back to hannah's many kilowatts of power in that the light beam. 18:21.790 --> 18:25.580 So let's set powerful enough to burn materials to damage materials 18:25.610 --> 18:29.140 melts materials to get to that's why we're reconstruct damaging 18:29.220 --> 18:33.110 a target we asked to send that light beam from the ship are from 18:33.110 --> 18:33.800 this source. 18:34.340 --> 18:37.170 To the target and self of course the target can be some distance 18:37.170 --> 18:37.920 away from the shut. 18:38.870 --> 18:42.090 Propagate that light through here to the atmosphere. 18:42.710 --> 18:46.100 And depending on what the weather conditions are a could be a 18:46.100 --> 18:50.420 very turbulent day which tends to cause the laser beam to break out. 18:50.970 --> 18:54.280 Or it could be a hazy day which causes a light to scatter way 18:54.280 --> 18:57.620 from the core of a laser beam. There's defy condition second 18:57.620 --> 19:01.650 degrade the the laser for reaches the target and it's important 19:01.650 --> 19:06.250 to understand Halle asian degrades and alan might be that if 19:06.250 --> 19:10.010 you send a laser beam through a piece of of wavy glass. 19:10.570 --> 19:14.670 That can call a as they'd the beam itself to had breakup and 19:14.670 --> 19:18.640 the and uh the deflecting a different angles. It's I glasses 19:18.640 --> 19:21.550 a little that cloudy benita neck and scattered the beam as it's 19:21.580 --> 19:24.910 going to that piece of glass and hemisphere acts much the same 19:24.910 --> 19:26.840 way except as over much wanted distance. 19:27.470 --> 19:31.220 Yeah atmosphere can cause you to be in the wonder Nixon Casa 19:31.220 --> 19:34.290 being the break up anti process. Scatter the light and solar 19:34.290 --> 19:38.140 research has done is care drives laser in different weather conditions 19:38.140 --> 19:41.300 in different levels of turbulence different levels of pains different 19:41.300 --> 19:44.880 levels of rain and across a wide spectrum of wave links. 19:45.410 --> 19:49.690 To determine what the effect a range of the seas weapon systems are. 19:50.270 --> 19:52.330 And so we nell in tactile apes. 19:52.970 --> 19:56.050 How much power we me how much energy we need to deposit in order 19:56.050 --> 20:01.130 to melt a certain by among the ceri all and than analyze that 20:01.130 --> 20:04.060 laser system any weather conditions to see whether crosses that 20:04.230 --> 20:05.130 pressure all about. 20:05.870 --> 20:09.380 So one of the things every let that was how turbulence effects 20:09.380 --> 20:10.370 laser performance. 20:10.940 --> 20:16.060 In cell in this plot here Han via. Why access we had the radius 20:16.100 --> 20:18.980 of a laser on apartheid had arranger five kilometers. 20:19.700 --> 20:22.580 And as red line represents the sort of melt special about we 20:22.580 --> 20:26.390 need to exceed in order to affect necessary damage on a target. 20:27.200 --> 20:30.820 On words all access. We have the way the wings of the laser system 20:30.820 --> 20:32.990 and we can see a different way links are affected differently 20:32.990 --> 20:33.920 by the turbulence. 20:34.540 --> 20:37.540 In a different levels of color of the light or represent different 20:37.540 --> 20:40.430 premiums levels a light blue represents for a strong train lines 20:40.710 --> 20:43.720 in the dark blue represents very weak trim lines. 20:44.420 --> 20:48.340 So we can see that ended party rang a five kilometers an strong turbulence. 20:48.340 --> 20:50.270 We don't exceed that mel fresh old. 20:50.900 --> 20:54.540 Which means that when strong turbulence conditions prevailed 20:54.540 --> 20:57.200 the winnie go allow the targets to be a little bit closer to 20:57.200 --> 20:59.100 the laser system before we engage that power. 20:59.730 --> 21:03.140 One of the things that we needed to do more to has to make the 21:03.140 --> 21:06.500 performance of a laser system and if weather conditions was developer 21:06.500 --> 21:10.130 own code habit allow us to skin across millions of different 21:10.310 --> 21:12.010 weather parameters laser crackers. 21:12.770 --> 21:16.590 To order the do that we needed defiant but sort of weather conditions 21:16.590 --> 21:20.230 he wanted to analyze and a mini that determine what the the at 21:20.370 --> 21:23.180 the optical properties of the atmosphere are intimate plug it 21:23.180 --> 21:26.550 into our code and skin a classic in millions of different fram 21:26.550 --> 21:28.950 riders to estimate the various. So uh. 21:29.510 --> 21:32.550 Figures and therefore afford salacious system. So one of the 21:32.550 --> 21:36.690 advantages that lasers bring the table is there per cost engagement 21:36.690 --> 21:40.080 is very low self their their electric weapons as long as you 21:40.080 --> 21:43.270 can provide the necessary electrical power to the laser system 21:43.270 --> 21:45.230 been essentially have an infinite magazine. 21:46.020 --> 21:49.390 So this is of course a huge advantage to uh engaging various 21:49.390 --> 21:52.780 targets numerous targets relative to conventional weapons which 21:52.920 --> 21:56.100 I'm a of course are quite expensive per engaged in. 21:56.730 --> 22:00.240 Another gary shed that lasers praying over a conventional weapons 22:00.270 --> 22:04.360 is that they're highly focused of precise whereas image a weapons 22:04.360 --> 22:08.470 such as bullets into the spread out and sarah and their trial 22:08.470 --> 22:09.310 important target. 22:09.860 --> 22:14.430 And uh and that really allows assisted POS. It that we still 22:14.430 --> 22:18.660 in here she into a very small very very precise sharia to mother 22:18.660 --> 22:21.150 made a attractive feature lasers. 22:21.650 --> 22:25.860 Is that it delivers that youthful energy essentially instantaneously 22:25.890 --> 22:27.050 side at the speed of light. 22:27.830 --> 22:30.920 So what that means they are and it is as difficult for targets 22:30.920 --> 22:35.100 to maneuver out um of that pass a that the full energy becomes 22:35.130 --> 22:38.860 a good that energy is delivered instantaneously. So what I five 22:38.860 --> 22:42.050 typically interesting about laser physics in general is is a 22:42.050 --> 22:47.720 wide variety of technologies that can be used to create a laser. 22:48.000 --> 22:52.280 So you can have a guess outstay laser which uses a solid piece 22:52.280 --> 22:54.450 of glass are crystal tutoring alike. 22:55.150 --> 22:59.150 Or you can you is a 's in a conductor in the case of a a suni 22:59.150 --> 23:00.000 connector laser. 23:00.530 --> 23:03.360 Breaking news free electrons in a case for free like from injured. 23:04.090 --> 23:08.940 Almost technologies produce a high quality coherent beam of laser beam. 23:09.510 --> 23:12.850 But the jerry to in many different ways this are rich body of 23:12.850 --> 24:25.930 physics associated with each of those kinds of techno. He..