WEBVTT 00:05.720 --> 00:06.190 Good. Morning. 00:09.470 --> 00:13.410 Um I MeeGo dollar it the present the Chicago council and I'm 00:13.410 --> 00:18.230 delighted to welcome back to our platform here in Chicago my 00:18.230 --> 00:21.230 former boss the secretary of defense chuck table. 00:21.930 --> 00:24.830 A referral to the presenting this program here today. 00:25.420 --> 00:27.460 In partnership with the institute of politics. 00:27.990 --> 00:32.510 Um. That's university Chicago which is still a great new partner 00:32.770 --> 00:36.900 a a plus here it in the in Chicago the institute is as you all 00:36.900 --> 00:40.560 know was found that 90 years after the Chicago consul was found. 00:41.190 --> 00:41.830 A box. 00:44.130 --> 00:44.900 It's only young. 00:45.620 --> 00:49.360 But it's a great addition uh to Chicago here and I wanna like 00:49.360 --> 00:52.920 that sank as steve Edward's a big second directed the institute 00:52.920 --> 00:56.290 for the partnership and we're delighted to also have a a good 00:56.290 --> 00:58.960 number of Sudan's from the university joining us here. This morning. 00:59.770 --> 01:02.950 Dish so like to thank bowing for their genner support of all 01:02.950 --> 01:06.760 we do it the council a as well as for this program and I wanna 01:07.060 --> 01:10.690 also welcome promise from russian and commission kelly who've. 01:10.690 --> 01:11.790 Joining us here today. 01:12.300 --> 01:14.130 A as you can see. 01:14.890 --> 01:17.190 Today's session is on the record. 01:17.750 --> 01:21.130 A over wide streaming at a and the audio up this program will 01:21.130 --> 01:26.090 be available on our website a later today also were senior fellow 01:26.090 --> 01:29.440 deep long worst will be doing the right up which we also will 01:29.440 --> 01:31.270 be a on the website shortly. 01:31.790 --> 01:32.730 A afterwards. 01:33.350 --> 01:36.180 Else encourage you to follow the conversation here on twitter. 01:36.180 --> 01:39.930 But uh please do a a silence your phone. So that we don't have 01:39.930 --> 01:41.840 that interruption here today. 01:42.590 --> 01:46.580 Um this morning with a four to secretary tables remarks on the 01:46.580 --> 01:50.090 most persistent and pressing security challenges. We face in 01:50.090 --> 01:50.720 this country. 01:51.320 --> 01:54.280 The agenda for the department of the fan says his bra known as 01:54.280 --> 01:56.750 complex as a that's really ever been. 01:57.410 --> 02:02.140 The United States is moving from 13 years of war into an ear 02:02.140 --> 02:05.290 off new strategic realities in fiscal constructs. 02:06.150 --> 02:08.520 From resource scarce city to weapons proliferation. 02:09.080 --> 02:12.160 The department of defense will continue to meet fresh challenges 02:12.450 --> 02:13.340 and new threats. 02:14.300 --> 02:17.090 One of these challenges main factory here at home. 02:17.640 --> 02:21.270 As public opinion that beans away from global engagements may 02:21.270 --> 02:25.240 hamper support for a whites pet military presence around to call. 02:25.940 --> 02:30.010 In 20 12 dish towel council survey showed that americans are 02:30.010 --> 02:32.390 increasingly in favor of cutting defense spending. 02:32.900 --> 02:36.060 While a recent Wall Street Journal on NBC news poll showed nearly 02:36.090 --> 02:40.130 half of americans want to pull back from global engagement and 02:40.380 --> 02:43.650 some of those poll results around the uh. I'm the by your chic 02:43.650 --> 02:44.470 on the other side. 02:45.040 --> 02:49.130 But we look forward to the remarks a from sector table this morning 02:49.130 --> 02:53.120 on the future of American defense and and a pricey Ortiz a he 02:53.120 --> 02:55.560 has four to 20 first century. 02:56.170 --> 02:57.730 Not to introduce our speaker. 02:58.490 --> 03:02.660 Chuck able was sworn in an SUV. Yeah Asus sector defense if ever 03:02.660 --> 03:03.630 a 20 thirteen. 03:04.240 --> 03:08.160 And he is the first enlisted combat veteran to leave the to part. 03:08.800 --> 03:12.500 Yes surge in numerous public offices and governmental capacities 03:12.500 --> 03:16.450 including as deputy administrator of the veterans administration 03:16.750 --> 03:20.880 and of courses of representatives a of Nebraska for two years 03:20.910 --> 03:25.630 as a senator when he was also the upon the formulations banking 03:25.680 --> 03:29.830 housing and urban a affairs a and intelligence committees. 03:30.360 --> 03:32.720 Following is distinguished it career in a senate. 03:33.290 --> 03:37.100 Uh he's served as Co chairman of the president's a president 03:37.100 --> 03:40.880 obama's intelligence advisory board and also was a member of 03:40.880 --> 03:44.120 the secretary of defense is policy board it was a distinguished 03:44.120 --> 03:46.930 professor at Georgetown universe is cool for answers and the 03:46.930 --> 03:51.570 chairman of the Atlantic council prior to a assuming his current 03:51.570 --> 03:54.970 position please join me in welcoming secretary. Table. 04:10.710 --> 04:11.110 Thank. You. 04:15.680 --> 04:16.120 Thank. You. 04:20.060 --> 04:20.880 Good morning good. 04:21.890 --> 04:22.380 I am. 04:23.040 --> 04:25.700 Appreciate it up to me to be back to two draw going. 04:27.400 --> 04:29.190 Visit to again with them. 04:29.800 --> 04:30.660 Many friends. 04:31.370 --> 04:33.300 You oh thank you for your arrived. 04:34.120 --> 04:38.710 Introduction. When I see a evil I think kerry it's that NATO 04:38.710 --> 04:40.660 ministerial about ready to be the M. 04:41.870 --> 04:44.770 Are and I are I want to thank you. 04:45.450 --> 04:47.630 You all for your service to this country. 04:48.580 --> 04:51.870 And to take you tear your distinguish services are NATO ambassador. 04:52.760 --> 04:56.330 Uh uh for four years to the very defining an important time. 04:57.260 --> 04:58.430 In our country's history. 04:59.090 --> 05:01.610 Up his to the world in the history of middle. 05:02.430 --> 05:06.360 Uh you are a leadership and understanding of these big issues. 05:06.980 --> 05:10.840 Who was so always evident and Of NATO benefited. 05:11.570 --> 05:14.150 And from your dad and senior leadership that. 05:15.300 --> 05:17.480 Certainly denied stage due to people. Thank you. 05:18.350 --> 05:19.030 I wanna thank. 05:19.630 --> 05:21.880 The Chicago counsel for inviting me back. 05:22.670 --> 05:24.720 Uh oh that's always a positive. Sign. 05:28.220 --> 05:32.390 And I am a of always serve it martyred in appreciated. 05:32.930 --> 05:36.350 Uh this councils understanding in involvement in the big issues. 05:37.010 --> 05:41.360 Uh I don't know of in this is for probably more parochial comment 05:41.360 --> 05:45.760 since I am a from the Midwest uh. I don't know if it's it it 05:45.760 --> 05:47.930 which of more common sense approach to. 05:48.510 --> 05:50.260 Affairs jim issues are. 05:50.990 --> 05:54.630 And world events sir that emanates out of the mid west of resets. 05:55.230 --> 05:58.310 Mine narrow parochial a take on all of those but. 05:58.820 --> 06:01.960 Uh this council an issue have always been. 06:02.600 --> 06:05.550 One that them leaders in this country can count on. 06:06.420 --> 06:09.550 To project fought for discretion should. 06:10.330 --> 06:12.490 Oh about these big issues where we're time. 06:13.130 --> 06:15.940 And I think everyone is Rome understands clearly that that the 06:15.940 --> 06:18.440 world is not getting any less complicated. 06:19.340 --> 06:20.950 Uh it is so. 06:21.890 --> 06:24.040 The more complicated probably than. 06:24.620 --> 06:25.400 Ever before. 06:26.090 --> 06:29.960 Of but that they should not intimidate audition for the console 06:29.960 --> 06:33.500 and for which you will do your participation your active engagement 06:33.910 --> 06:37.140 to make a all worker thank-you. I think you're a sector sensor. 06:37.140 --> 06:38.300 Thank you as a sort of some. 06:38.950 --> 06:39.710 Of this country. 06:40.320 --> 06:44.120 Also to me is to the politics and And up. 06:44.760 --> 06:48.810 Distraction rock of and the universe to Chicago a thank-you. 06:48.810 --> 06:51.170 I know we have a number of students your I look forward to. 06:51.670 --> 06:52.930 Visiting which you after. 06:53.530 --> 06:57.890 A recession for your very honest and And crisp critique. 06:58.580 --> 06:59.170 On not. 07:00.170 --> 07:03.790 I on every obvious flaw that I bridget a good the 07:05.920 --> 07:08.870 This morning's all look forward that that to that didn't. 07:09.410 --> 07:13.240 Think that's it tremendously important connection a bringing 07:13.240 --> 07:16.800 these two institutions together especially bring our young people 07:16.800 --> 07:18.010 and of this more and more. 07:18.650 --> 07:20.130 Uh uh at that. 07:20.960 --> 07:22.350 Not just to stage you or. 07:23.060 --> 07:28.180 Gan in your lies in your career urge but the How it to extends 07:28.180 --> 07:32.100 beyond just to your own personal life and be on just the institutions. 07:32.100 --> 07:35.990 So do all of you thank you and I again appreciate about tony 07:35.990 --> 07:37.110 to do with each. Morning. 07:41.350 --> 07:42.360 Whenever I come here. 07:43.450 --> 07:44.780 In its been no often. 07:46.010 --> 07:48.740 We here's my mother in to over sisters. 07:49.280 --> 07:50.690 Work to in this area. 07:51.580 --> 07:54.690 During will work to for two years after they spent two years 07:54.690 --> 07:54.930 in a. 07:55.580 --> 07:57.140 Obama plant in normal. 07:57.810 --> 07:58.460 They could tight. 07:59.540 --> 08:03.590 So they but they had a future in Chicago. So they got on a train. 08:04.100 --> 08:07.860 He came here and uh uh the last two years will work to. 08:08.450 --> 08:11.710 Uh they worked here to call balls all my family. 08:12.280 --> 08:13.970 And my mother said uh. 08:14.630 --> 08:16.100 Has been part of this community. 08:16.690 --> 08:17.800 Such a horrible for. 08:18.560 --> 08:22.030 I probably a hundred years show I feel a almost a. 08:23.040 --> 08:24.370 When I'm should be here. 08:25.290 --> 08:26.400 And what I do come in europe. 08:27.420 --> 08:31.160 I recall the poet coral Sanders description. Usher cargo. 08:31.970 --> 08:33.550 Has the city of big shoulders. 08:35.180 --> 08:38.870 This city has always embodied the promise and dynamism of america. 08:40.120 --> 08:44.100 It is reflected not only the city of big shoulders the city of 08:44.100 --> 08:44.840 big shoulders. 08:45.590 --> 08:47.530 But the nation of big shoulders. 08:48.920 --> 08:50.810 The Chicago skyline reminds. 08:51.350 --> 08:52.070 This all. 08:53.080 --> 08:54.260 Of what america years. 08:54.900 --> 08:58.710 In remains assembled over america's economic pollen industrial base. 08:59.930 --> 09:01.900 Which are called was never lost each humanity. 09:02.740 --> 09:05.430 And the personality is always head. 09:05.990 --> 09:08.290 As it brought people together from all over the world. 09:09.440 --> 09:12.030 This part of our country also plays an important role in the 09:12.030 --> 09:13.010 nation's security. 09:14.180 --> 09:16.550 And that's not just bikers' Chicago's on home. 09:17.060 --> 09:18.240 Work commander-in-chief. 09:18.970 --> 09:22.620 I recognize that's not in to insignificant a part of this. 09:23.550 --> 09:26.300 And I assured the president I would do everything not to embarrass him. 09:27.390 --> 09:28.290 In his. Hometown. 09:30.350 --> 09:34.630 Later today all travel 35 miles up the shore of lake Michigan. 09:35.470 --> 09:36.790 The great Lakes naval station. 09:38.390 --> 09:40.410 This station is were for generations. 09:41.360 --> 09:43.570 Our navy's newest recruits of going to boot camp. 09:44.150 --> 09:45.430 To receive basic training. 09:46.430 --> 09:49.250 The thousands of enlisted sailors will go through great Lakes 09:49.250 --> 09:53.020 the sheer like their counterparts in the army marines and or force. 09:53.760 --> 09:55.990 Entering a military undergoing. 09:56.510 --> 09:57.850 An historic transition. 09:58.920 --> 10:02.500 The transition from protracted wars in the middle east and central asia. 10:03.060 --> 10:05.280 To new challenges threats and opportunities. 10:06.170 --> 10:08.810 And from seemingly limitless resources. 10:10.070 --> 10:11.290 The constrained budgets. 10:12.140 --> 10:14.860 What hangs in the balance is not just america's military. 10:15.590 --> 10:17.500 But also america's global standing. 10:18.890 --> 10:20.640 A global standing for years to come. 10:21.470 --> 10:24.930 Today have like to discuss this transition in the global dynamics 10:24.930 --> 10:28.970 are affecting for for errors arm illiterate and america's role 10:28.970 --> 10:29.430 in the will. 10:30.900 --> 10:33.980 I'm like their predecessors are of the past 13 years. 10:34.700 --> 10:37.600 Our military's newest recruits do not face. 10:38.330 --> 10:42.640 The almost certain prospects of deploying a war in iraq or Afghanistan. 10:43.220 --> 10:46.150 Instead they face are fractured global security landscape. 10:46.910 --> 10:51.790 One characterized by great uncertainty rapid change new in sophisticated threats. 10:52.440 --> 10:54.350 And continued political turbulence. 10:54.910 --> 10:55.900 The rise of asia. 10:56.840 --> 11:00.180 The explosion reviews populations in the middle east and africa. 11:01.060 --> 11:03.630 Newer technologies bring people closer together. 11:04.220 --> 11:07.420 And news threats emanating from these technologies like side. 11:08.390 --> 11:12.210 Deepening global economic inter dependence and that a fusion 11:12.210 --> 11:13.620 of global economic pot. 11:14.450 --> 11:17.580 The resurgence of national was um and sectarian conflict around 11:17.580 --> 11:21.110 the world new sources of energy in this hemisphere and all swore. 11:21.850 --> 11:25.950 Climate change and more frequent destructive natural disasters 11:26.390 --> 11:27.730 all these realities. 11:28.490 --> 11:31.960 Are challenging and we'll continue to challenge america's security 11:31.960 --> 11:32.760 a prosper. 11:33.620 --> 11:35.450 While many of these stressor border of us. 11:36.050 --> 11:39.880 America and its allies face a stern test in this unprecedented 11:39.880 --> 11:43.600 can flow once of today's global challenges emanating with him. 11:44.210 --> 11:48.850 And between nation States these include the solar sector in war 11:48.850 --> 11:50.850 and humanitarian catastrophe in syria. 11:51.800 --> 11:54.070 Iran's de stabilizing activities. 11:54.680 --> 11:57.540 North korea's continued dangers publications. 11:58.110 --> 11:59.110 In northeast asia. 12:00.150 --> 12:02.780 Simmering tensions between china and japan. 12:03.380 --> 12:06.620 In southeast asian nations in the self in east china's cities. 12:07.370 --> 12:10.220 Deadly terrorist threats to the nation's of north africa and 12:10.220 --> 12:10.660 the on. 12:11.580 --> 12:14.780 Afghanistan's continuing struggle for security instability. 12:15.770 --> 12:18.280 And russians white and aggression in ukraine. 12:19.570 --> 12:23.180 All this offers a reminder that the character of international 12:23.180 --> 12:25.140 relations has not changed. 12:26.040 --> 12:27.520 Conflicts between States. 12:28.160 --> 12:30.190 Historic religious and ethnic a troops. 12:30.980 --> 12:36.790 And rivalries between regional powers all remain defining features 12:37.100 --> 12:38.540 of today's global landscape. 12:39.280 --> 12:41.820 Their mind a city history and geography still matter. 12:43.090 --> 12:45.510 Working with allies and friends. 12:46.430 --> 12:49.490 American leadership must respond to these challenges and help 12:49.490 --> 12:52.130 shape the forces that will shave our future. 12:53.180 --> 12:56.210 More more people and nations around the world are gaining a stake 12:56.210 --> 12:59.020 in the bowl border that we help build after will work to. 13:00.180 --> 13:02.980 Not only has made all in large and strike. 13:03.770 --> 13:08.110 But new regional systems are emerging in asia middle east including 13:08.110 --> 13:10.360 the association southeast asian nations. 13:10.930 --> 13:14.170 And the gulf cooperation council that are helping nations forged 13:14.170 --> 13:19.280 new kinds of cooperation to address common interests and common challenges. 13:20.190 --> 13:23.710 As we witness a realignment of interests influences in challenges. 13:24.320 --> 13:28.060 The United States must continue to exercise strong steady. 13:28.700 --> 13:29.920 In inspired leadership. 13:30.470 --> 13:31.840 As we did after work to. 13:32.840 --> 13:37.090 What we accomplished during that period of time and how we accomplished. 13:38.200 --> 13:42.170 Remains instructive as we work with friends and allies to adapt 13:42.220 --> 13:45.160 and strengthen our global ordered the meat shifting re out age. 13:45.960 --> 13:48.490 The postwar two decade was like today. 13:49.260 --> 13:51.850 A time of great uncertainty. But a time of great hope. 13:53.510 --> 13:55.710 And america was also focusing inward. 13:57.060 --> 14:00.560 But america's waiters harry Truman being actress and george marshall 14:00.560 --> 14:01.830 and a white eisenhower among. 14:02.730 --> 14:06.220 News that the security and prosperity of our citizens are American 14:06.220 --> 14:07.970 citizens your all. 14:08.920 --> 14:11.690 Depended on our engagement and leadership abroad. 14:12.690 --> 14:16.070 They step for to build alliances in international institutions. 14:17.100 --> 14:20.630 Helping establish the rules and norms it still under pin security 14:20.630 --> 14:21.780 and prosperity today. 14:22.830 --> 14:26.540 Their success all also hinged on recognizing is george marshall. 14:26.540 --> 14:27.200 Once said. 14:27.900 --> 14:31.510 That a very strong military posture is vitally necessary. 14:32.240 --> 14:33.830 But it is to know. 14:35.470 --> 14:39.970 To narrow basis on which to build a dependable long enduring peace. 14:41.270 --> 14:45.570 We must lead with a role biased in comprehensive use of all of 14:45.570 --> 14:46.730 our instruments of car. 14:47.250 --> 14:48.380 Imploring cultural. 14:49.050 --> 14:52.990 Educational economic diplomatic development and military tools 14:52.990 --> 14:53.530 all like. 14:54.590 --> 14:57.630 The europe for rapid deployment of us forces to Poland in our 14:57.630 --> 14:59.820 baltic allies continues to re issuer. 15:00.810 --> 15:02.790 Reassure them all of our commitment. 15:03.710 --> 15:06.480 Tomatoes collective security against Russia's aggression. 15:07.000 --> 15:09.010 As we also strengthen our diplomatic. 15:09.590 --> 15:10.810 And economic options. 15:11.640 --> 15:15.530 In the middle east are forced foster including more than 35000 15:15.530 --> 15:18.200 dod personnel in an around the Persian gulf. 15:18.800 --> 15:21.150 Help contribute to the diplomatic opening with iran. 15:22.100 --> 15:25.500 And help compel the assad regime to dismantle its chemical weapons 15:25.500 --> 15:27.400 program to a diplomatic process. 15:28.520 --> 15:30.150 In the asia pacific re balance. 15:30.680 --> 15:33.580 We're employing all of our instruments of power to strengthen 15:33.580 --> 15:36.260 allies under right the free flow of commerce. 15:37.000 --> 15:39.370 And help nations resolve disputes peacefully. 15:40.050 --> 15:42.570 So all nations there are can live in peace and freedom. 15:43.500 --> 15:44.560 As or nations cross. 15:46.120 --> 15:49.040 Although americans today are increasingly skeptical of foreign 15:49.040 --> 15:51.100 engagement in global responsibilities. 15:51.740 --> 15:52.670 It is a mistake. 15:53.630 --> 15:56.500 It's a mistake to view these responsibilities as a burden. 15:57.170 --> 15:57.740 Or chair. 15:58.570 --> 16:01.760 Let us remember that the biggest beneficiaries of American leadership 16:01.760 --> 16:04.050 and engagement in the world are the American people. 16:05.090 --> 16:05.840 Turning and work. 16:06.800 --> 16:07.910 History teaches us. 16:08.480 --> 16:10.790 Does not insulate us from the world's problems. 16:11.990 --> 16:13.690 In a way for forces us. 16:14.420 --> 16:15.620 To be more engage later. 16:16.800 --> 16:17.920 At a higher cost. 16:18.470 --> 16:21.820 But a higher cost in blood and treasure an often on the terms 16:21.820 --> 16:22.380 of others. 16:23.190 --> 16:24.840 This is perhaps more true than ever. 16:25.490 --> 16:26.970 In today's globalized world. 16:27.820 --> 16:31.540 Walking away from the world and our relationships is not an option 16:31.650 --> 16:32.480 United States. 16:33.110 --> 16:36.460 Despite all the challenges in imperfections and props. 16:37.210 --> 16:38.950 Facing American the world that it. 16:39.570 --> 16:40.510 And they are numbers. 16:41.390 --> 16:43.090 We are living still. 16:44.160 --> 16:47.310 In an era of unprecedented prosperity and opportunity. 16:48.440 --> 16:51.040 It is easy to be law old undertaking this for granted. 16:52.020 --> 16:53.040 But we cannot forget. 16:54.000 --> 16:56.980 That this fear a resulted from decades of American engagement 16:56.980 --> 16:58.200 abroad with our allies. 16:58.740 --> 17:01.760 As well as investments in of people in infrastructure your home. 17:02.810 --> 17:05.790 In the post were here the United States. Most serious contribute 17:05.790 --> 17:08.780 to peace and prosperity not only by fighting wars. 17:09.570 --> 17:12.090 But by preventing wars. 17:13.280 --> 17:16.660 America's investment in this military remains a dominant factor. 17:17.190 --> 17:20.310 In continuing to help build a peaceful free and stable world. 17:21.650 --> 17:25.370 But we cannot us some of the clear lessons of history are always recognize. 17:25.870 --> 17:30.150 Where he History informs are set allowing our military straight 17:30.150 --> 17:30.690 the weekend. 17:31.270 --> 17:34.950 When coming out of all war is always always a costly. Mistake. 17:38.010 --> 17:39.110 Especially costly. 17:39.740 --> 17:42.330 Like today when there's no abuse peace dividend. 17:43.280 --> 17:46.590 As forcefully is george marshall argued for balance in america's 17:46.590 --> 17:47.430 foreign policy. 17:48.260 --> 17:52.500 He also one that after war americans to lost in a while for in 17:52.500 --> 17:56.570 his words the rapid disintegration of were once fast powerful 17:56.570 --> 17:57.730 maintaining a peaks. 17:59.020 --> 18:01.200 We should pay attention to his works. 18:02.150 --> 18:05.310 We should also recognize it military strength is not only defined 18:05.310 --> 18:06.730 by their size of our force. 18:07.590 --> 18:08.810 But by its agility. 18:09.640 --> 18:13.480 And how quickly it can be mobilized and how superior its weapons 18:13.630 --> 18:14.660 and. Technology. 18:16.550 --> 18:18.910 Our old age as we compare. 18:19.470 --> 18:20.750 Meant to wherever search. 18:22.760 --> 18:26.110 The force must be kept in balance is readjusting new fiscal. 18:26.910 --> 18:29.510 And strategic realities in challenges. 18:30.400 --> 18:33.570 Dod's leaders have long expected that coming out of the worse 18:33.570 --> 18:35.190 the defence budget would be reduced. 18:36.200 --> 18:39.440 And He has been reduced. 18:40.270 --> 18:40.770 Just like. 18:41.570 --> 18:42.430 Reduce walks. 18:43.340 --> 18:47.100 But this scale and the pace of the budget cuts works for inching. 18:47.810 --> 18:49.990 And that we have expereinced in recent years. 18:50.820 --> 18:54.210 Have been made far more so there are more brought because political 18:54.210 --> 18:57.630 gridlock in washington triggered steep automatic tracks to the 18:57.630 --> 19:00.280 presence budget requests by way of sequel a strange. 19:01.520 --> 19:05.140 And you're responsible de for all of governing. Responsibility. 19:06.530 --> 19:08.890 And even as congress is sliced overall budget. 19:10.070 --> 19:14.510 They're so far proven unwilling to accept necessary reforms to 19:14.510 --> 19:18.140 curb growth in compensation cross and eliminate dod's accessed 19:18.140 --> 19:20.400 infrastructure and and needed for so. 19:22.640 --> 19:25.330 This is not a political our budget environment. 19:26.080 --> 19:27.620 That the president are I wanted. 19:28.770 --> 19:31.780 Nor any of our leadership the dod. 19:32.670 --> 19:34.540 But it is the environment we have. 19:35.050 --> 19:38.670 Is the environment that we must deal with a man each tool. 19:40.430 --> 19:43.400 Are the past year dod's waiters and I had build a budget plan 19:43.400 --> 19:45.260 that makes a series of tough choices. 19:45.880 --> 19:47.700 Tough choices to match resources. 19:48.350 --> 19:51.490 To real strategic priorities and missions. 19:52.430 --> 19:54.780 This budget is now being debated for cox. 19:55.650 --> 19:58.810 That means we have entered a crucial period for military issue church. 19:59.530 --> 20:02.570 One that will play out not just in the coming months of debate. 20:03.830 --> 20:05.530 But over the next few years india. 20:06.580 --> 20:08.330 Because it is seizures we make today. 20:08.970 --> 20:12.580 Will determine the size foreman fighting strain of our future military. 20:13.580 --> 20:16.770 As we enter this turner transition. We know that we face enormous 20:16.770 --> 20:18.800 strategic in manager real challengers. 20:19.510 --> 20:21.210 If we fail to meet these challenges. 20:22.040 --> 20:23.170 They yachting gap. 20:24.010 --> 20:28.430 As this week's economist magazine editorial put it between uncle sam. 20:29.110 --> 20:32.280 In his potential foes seems bound to shrink. 20:33.740 --> 20:37.090 Sustaining our air june the face of new strategic in fiscal challenges 20:37.090 --> 20:38.960 will require commerce is partnership. 20:39.560 --> 20:41.450 Partnership and making tough choices. 20:42.260 --> 20:47.480 Always looking at a broader national interests. Instead of narrow constituencies. 20:48.280 --> 20:51.340 It will require condors were ride the Pentagon with the resources 20:51.340 --> 20:55.220 of a flexibility we need to me our national security responsibilites. 20:56.140 --> 20:57.610 If we get this flexibility. 20:58.370 --> 21:01.220 The United States military will emerge from this period having 21:01.220 --> 21:03.310 sustain an even sharper. 21:04.130 --> 21:05.390 It's decisive image. 21:06.210 --> 21:10.800 Doing solo support america's global leadership enhancer credibility abroad. 21:11.760 --> 21:14.030 And ultimately insurer security in all. 21:15.600 --> 21:18.870 We can and we monsters tom Friedman recently noted. 21:19.600 --> 21:22.160 Due date and difficult things together. 21:23.610 --> 21:26.930 But this stir man's that we protect tree pillars of our military 21:27.140 --> 21:29.240 embedded within our strategy in a budget. 21:30.630 --> 21:32.390 Our first priority is our people. 21:33.290 --> 21:37.170 The first priority of any institution must always be its people. 21:38.850 --> 21:41.450 Because it is the commitment of our people. 21:42.100 --> 21:43.100 Their professionalism. 21:43.680 --> 21:44.530 And their. Skill. 21:46.720 --> 21:50.690 The uni commitment to these men and women in uniform that care 21:50.690 --> 21:53.180 for military its decisive advantage. 21:53.840 --> 21:56.890 These after beach and our service members are justly celebrated. 21:57.760 --> 21:59.220 But they are not inevitable. 22:00.230 --> 22:01.730 Not only do we need the right people. 22:02.750 --> 22:06.210 They must be afforded a chance to grow develop new skills and 22:06.210 --> 22:08.810 make meaningful contributions to our nation's defense. 22:09.400 --> 22:13.300 In an atmosphere that fosters professionalism dignity and respect. 22:14.710 --> 22:17.970 And they and their families must be fairly compensated and Carrefour him. 22:18.610 --> 22:19.670 By the country they show. 22:20.810 --> 22:23.710 But what motivates people to join and stain the military's not 22:23.710 --> 22:24.680 just compensation. 22:26.040 --> 22:27.430 It says sensor purples. 22:28.160 --> 22:29.280 That comes with the mission. 22:30.660 --> 22:33.330 And the training in the skills of their services provide. 22:34.550 --> 22:37.370 That message is been driven home to me repeatedly almost every 22:37.370 --> 22:40.160 time I made with our troops all over the world. 22:41.330 --> 22:44.580 Taking care of our people during his career transition requires 22:44.580 --> 22:47.630 a we maintain military readiness. 22:49.210 --> 22:52.540 The train in a made which it keeps are forced prepare. 22:53.790 --> 22:56.340 Readiness is an expensive proposition. 22:57.360 --> 22:59.780 And the difficulty with advocating for readiness. 23:00.390 --> 23:02.770 Is that it lacks a building constituency. 23:03.950 --> 23:06.870 Except among those who served in the military. 23:07.820 --> 23:11.440 Outside of mork readiness is in is been historically overlooked. 23:12.310 --> 23:13.410 But in today's world. 23:14.100 --> 23:15.540 Neglect the ready dish. 23:17.090 --> 23:20.320 Is editor responsible damn that we do not wanna take. 23:21.220 --> 23:24.220 Dod's senior leaders and I will continue making the argument 23:24.220 --> 23:26.790 to conversation readiness must be an urgent priority. 23:27.690 --> 23:29.570 This ultimately requires trade office. 23:30.080 --> 23:31.590 Some of them are politically easy. 23:32.630 --> 23:34.080 Others are far more difficult. 23:34.790 --> 23:36.850 Like adjusting military compensation. 23:37.570 --> 23:40.110 Retiring aging weapons platforms. 23:41.000 --> 23:44.220 And reducing the overall size of the force both active in national 23:44.220 --> 23:44.980 garden leisure. 23:46.100 --> 23:49.260 We must take these actions in order to maintain a ready force 23:49.470 --> 23:50.130 for the future. 23:51.420 --> 23:54.090 It is the responsible the responsible thing to do. 23:54.770 --> 23:56.830 If we do not take these actions not. 23:57.570 --> 24:00.910 And we will embark on a certain path of demoralizing and hollowing 24:00.910 --> 24:01.620 out of force. 24:02.270 --> 24:05.510 It will jeopardize or nations' ability to successfully responded 24:05.510 --> 24:08.780 military crises guinea worm the world at any time. 24:10.590 --> 24:13.490 The some are rare Caesar said we do not provide are men and women 24:13.840 --> 24:16.710 with clearly superior arms equipment and technology. 24:17.760 --> 24:21.330 That's why my second priority is investing in the military capabilities 24:21.330 --> 24:24.320 needed to meet new an adoring threats. 24:25.550 --> 24:26.320 I'm not interested. 24:26.900 --> 24:27.700 Can a fair fight. 24:29.100 --> 24:32.690 And I don't wanna be capable of only fighting the last war. 24:33.920 --> 24:34.970 That was the last. 24:36.890 --> 24:40.260 Instead we must re balance and modernize the military's full 24:40.260 --> 24:41.540 suite of capabilities. 24:42.320 --> 24:45.590 We must do so and uh I tore the most likely in lethal threats 24:45.940 --> 24:46.620 to our future. 24:47.450 --> 24:50.570 Recognizing that many of the military ski conventional weapons 24:50.570 --> 24:51.840 platforms are aging. 24:52.550 --> 24:54.340 And they need to be upgraded are replaced. 24:55.680 --> 24:58.410 Terrorists and insurgents are not fading into oblivion. 24:59.920 --> 25:01.530 The continued in spreading threat. 25:02.440 --> 25:03.360 That they pose. 25:04.260 --> 25:06.830 Was a key part of our decision their growing strength in our 25:06.830 --> 25:09.140 special operations forces and capabilities. 25:10.160 --> 25:12.920 But we must also reaffirms size. 25:13.950 --> 25:17.910 The capabilities is skills needed to counter high intensity threats 25:17.910 --> 25:19.800 from more sophisticated yet research. 25:20.490 --> 25:22.370 As we've seen in ukraine and elsewhere. 25:23.210 --> 25:24.490 We must prepare. 25:25.410 --> 25:28.680 For shadow we conflicts in which a nation should deploy irregular 25:28.680 --> 25:31.230 forces conduct cyber terrorist. 25:31.870 --> 25:34.300 And seek ways to counter or technological edge. 25:35.600 --> 25:38.160 And we're always require a ready capable. 25:38.720 --> 25:42.320 And modern standing army. Navy marine corps air force. 25:43.040 --> 25:46.170 This means investing in the military's major next generation 25:46.170 --> 25:49.980 weapons systems including the new joint strike fighter the new 25:49.980 --> 25:52.970 long range bomber new submarines and aircraft carriers. 25:53.690 --> 25:56.740 But also makes protecting mutuals inspirations cyber. 25:57.710 --> 25:58.860 Which are budget duds. 25:59.540 --> 26:04.670 And investing in a man systems precision strike and intelligence platforms. 26:05.220 --> 26:10.320 It means continuing jim to invest in science research and technology. 26:10.930 --> 26:14.680 And strengthening organizations like bark all the defense advanced 26:14.680 --> 26:16.540 research projects agency. 26:17.090 --> 26:20.760 Which also Saul of funding increase in a budget proposal. 26:22.070 --> 26:25.710 Modernizing all of our military's capabilities will not only 26:25.710 --> 26:28.050 help insurer continued military edge. 26:28.940 --> 26:32.440 It will also help sustain america's defense industrial base. 26:33.390 --> 26:34.860 The that industrial breaks. 26:35.450 --> 26:37.210 Of good amounted here in the Midwest. 26:37.900 --> 26:39.250 Is in itself. 26:40.120 --> 26:42.780 A critically important national shtick fiji S. 26:44.560 --> 26:47.860 We also must adjust our capabilities to meet new global realities 26:47.860 --> 26:52.530 including environmental changes just today the nation's top scientists. 26:53.130 --> 26:56.330 Released a national climate assessment that warns us and very 26:56.360 --> 26:57.460 start truck GE. 26:58.260 --> 27:02.170 But the effects of climate change or ready becoming quite a pair. 27:03.140 --> 27:04.760 One area where we see this as the art. 27:05.800 --> 27:10.060 The melting of gigantic icecaps presents possibilities for the 27:10.060 --> 27:11.710 opening of new sea lanes. 27:12.590 --> 27:15.930 And the expiration for natural resources energy and commerce. 27:16.760 --> 27:20.800 Also. With the dangers potential for conflict. 27:21.320 --> 27:21.980 In the Arctic. 27:23.480 --> 27:26.330 The defense department is bolstering its engagement in the Arctic. 27:27.090 --> 27:29.700 And looking at what capabilities we need to operate there in 27:29.700 --> 27:30.200 the future. 27:30.840 --> 27:34.650 As describing dod's first ever Arctic strategy that I introduce 27:34.650 --> 27:37.880 to to Halifax international security forum west will ramp. 27:39.020 --> 27:42.320 But in the face of strict budget limits must make many trait 27:42.320 --> 27:43.860 awesome capabilities as well. 27:44.590 --> 27:48.610 That's why our budget plan divest dod are several that oval. 27:49.710 --> 27:52.370 Capable. But aging platforms. 27:52.910 --> 27:55.520 Like the 50 your own future use five line. 27:56.090 --> 27:59.050 And the a can a closer support platform. 27:59.570 --> 28:02.900 That cannot operate in the face are sophisticated enemy air defenses. 28:03.710 --> 28:05.610 These just decisions were difficult. 28:06.980 --> 28:07.940 But they were based. 28:08.540 --> 28:09.820 On real world me each. 28:10.400 --> 28:11.880 And strategic imperatives. 28:12.510 --> 28:15.430 We cannot afford to keep all of our platforms. 28:16.070 --> 28:19.030 We must prioritize for our future requirements. 28:19.690 --> 28:21.970 It then beastie he won't be pocket. 28:23.210 --> 28:26.430 But given our continued budget restraints and uncertainties we 28:26.430 --> 28:27.280 have no choice. 28:28.450 --> 28:30.990 And if we do not make these choices now we will be left with 28:30.990 --> 28:32.240 a forces large. 28:32.960 --> 28:36.820 But not sufficiently ready are capable to meet national security requests. 28:37.570 --> 28:40.890 Given budget restraints in the end of two large scale wars. 28:41.450 --> 28:44.670 We have accepted some reductions in the size of the force that 28:44.670 --> 28:47.580 these reductions need not and will not diminish or commitment 28:47.580 --> 28:50.690 to america's alliances and partnerships which remain. 28:51.270 --> 28:53.920 The foundation for our approach to global security. 28:54.740 --> 28:56.720 And for our military school will present. 28:57.820 --> 29:01.240 Today the us military's engaging nearly 100 countries. 29:01.990 --> 29:05.710 With nearly 400 thousand personnel stationed or deployed around 29:05.710 --> 29:06.080 the world. 29:07.360 --> 29:10.410 Strike in amy's partnership shoes are third priority. 29:11.750 --> 29:12.850 Because working will. 29:13.830 --> 29:17.370 And working true allies and partners dressed as we did during 29:17.370 --> 29:18.720 world war two concerns. 29:19.230 --> 29:20.530 Is as essential to date. 29:21.300 --> 29:22.200 As it is ever but. 29:23.170 --> 29:25.970 What a budget proposal an defense strategy makes clear is it 29:26.000 --> 29:28.370 even as we shrank our military science. 29:29.030 --> 29:30.960 We must not simply return together PS. 29:31.760 --> 29:34.720 We must continue striking the capabilities of our allies. 29:35.310 --> 29:36.710 Forming new allied ships. 29:37.300 --> 29:41.330 And bolstering old ones and investing in collective security arrangements. 29:42.040 --> 29:45.370 We want our soldiers are sailor german em arranger active around 29:45.370 --> 29:49.350 the world deploying with greater frequency in a joke with the 29:49.350 --> 29:50.990 skills and expertise needed. 29:51.630 --> 29:54.540 To build security capacity in each region. 29:55.970 --> 29:58.710 An example of this kind of mutually beneficial partnership. 29:59.220 --> 30:00.310 That we now see. 30:01.200 --> 30:01.970 And we pursue. 30:02.910 --> 30:04.320 Can be found here in illinois. 30:05.420 --> 30:07.010 Where your national guard is billed. 30:07.640 --> 30:10.060 In more than 20 your relationship. 30:10.580 --> 30:12.140 With the polish armed forces. 30:13.410 --> 30:16.090 Leveraging the expertise and skills sport guardsman. 30:17.000 --> 30:21.350 We have helped Poland become a more capable allied and contribute 30:21.350 --> 30:23.090 to the mission in Afghanistan. 30:23.740 --> 30:27.680 Building stronger partnerships does not require large scale up 30:27.680 --> 30:28.170 one touch. 30:28.860 --> 30:32.000 As we continue to shift forces and operational focus to the asia 30:32.000 --> 30:32.910 pacific region. 30:33.640 --> 30:36.090 We're pursuing new access agreements. 30:37.370 --> 30:40.410 Remission like the one president obama gnash last week in the 30:40.410 --> 30:44.760 store pains which enable us to sustain presence without a rigid 30:45.020 --> 30:46.770 and costly basic structure. 30:47.690 --> 30:50.340 We're also began new deployments arranged australia. 30:50.980 --> 30:53.460 And maybe a little combat ships to singapore. 30:54.080 --> 30:56.760 Where there are available to operate with partners in responded 30:56.760 --> 30:57.580 contingents huge. 30:58.160 --> 31:01.420 And we're also deploying more advanced capabilities to japan 31:01.420 --> 31:04.530 and south korea our allies in northeast asia. 31:05.310 --> 31:08.980 The same time or finding new ways to team up a civilian counterparts 31:09.410 --> 31:13.430 to strengthen the capacity of partner nations in africa and latin america. 31:14.210 --> 31:16.760 I saw this first tear last month in what I'm all. 31:17.330 --> 31:20.650 We're troops were helping build schools and provide medical education 31:20.650 --> 31:21.380 and assistance. 31:22.160 --> 31:22.780 In tomorrow. 31:23.390 --> 31:25.080 All made with a present urge are brodie. 31:25.700 --> 31:29.430 Talk about how to bolster the regional training activities us 31:29.430 --> 31:31.830 military conducts with its partners in that country. 31:32.880 --> 31:36.410 A final critical aspect of strengthening partnerships. 31:36.950 --> 31:39.900 Is our engagement with multilateral. Organizations. 31:41.690 --> 31:43.020 Despite all include tomato. 31:44.030 --> 31:47.380 But also regional institutions like the association of southeast 31:47.380 --> 31:49.790 asian nations and the gulf cooperation council. 31:50.510 --> 31:54.060 Plasma by hosted the first ever us ossie on defense ministers 31:54.060 --> 31:55.730 meeting and us so well in a light. 31:56.890 --> 31:59.090 We focused on our common security interests. 31:59.690 --> 32:02.890 A common challenges are common opportunities. 32:03.520 --> 32:07.220 And how we can continue to build cooperation in areas like humanitarian 32:07.220 --> 32:08.840 assistance and disaster relief. 32:09.720 --> 32:11.700 This month I will travel to Saudi Arabia. 32:12.250 --> 32:16.150 For us called cooperation council defense minister ill with all 32:16.150 --> 32:19.860 the defense ministers from the G juicy countries focused on regional 32:19.860 --> 32:20.860 security issues. 32:21.460 --> 32:26.110 And early next what I will participate in my fourth NATO defense minister. 32:26.840 --> 32:27.850 Attribute of course. 32:28.850 --> 32:29.280 To evil. 32:30.470 --> 32:33.990 It always forge us participation engagement. 32:34.550 --> 32:38.570 Is welcome if not old Berkeley sought as evil when many of you 32:38.570 --> 32:39.310 in this with no. 32:40.530 --> 32:42.990 And that are starting to do with the respect afforded our men 32:42.990 --> 32:43.970 and women annual for. 32:44.850 --> 32:47.880 And the on match capabilities a bring to bear around the world. 32:48.670 --> 32:51.030 Our people our capabilities are partnerships. 32:51.530 --> 32:55.620 These. Are what make the American military unique. 32:56.160 --> 32:57.230 And the NBA of the world. 32:58.050 --> 33:00.050 They will be my guiding focus. 33:00.580 --> 33:05.140 Although the leadership of dod guided focused as we re shake. 33:05.710 --> 33:09.550 Re balance and reform our defense enterprise for the challenges ahead. 33:10.190 --> 33:12.060 And insurer america's global leadership. 33:12.970 --> 33:16.260 This will require innovation and it jollity in every year. 33:17.260 --> 33:19.870 And it will acquire engagement around the world. 33:20.850 --> 33:21.940 From our own history. 33:23.150 --> 33:26.720 We know why america's global leadership is indispensable to our 33:26.750 --> 33:27.730 own future. 33:28.520 --> 33:31.200 This history as reflected in the story of this council. 33:31.760 --> 33:34.990 The Chicago council local warfare is an organization founded. 33:35.540 --> 33:36.800 In 19 20 two. 33:37.430 --> 33:41.650 The fight against a rising tide of isolation is um that gripped america. 33:42.160 --> 33:43.650 After the end of war will one. 33:44.450 --> 33:46.690 Fifteen years after this council was founded. 33:47.250 --> 33:48.270 Franklin Roosevelt. 33:49.410 --> 33:53.420 Then president of the United States came to Chicago to talk about 33:53.420 --> 33:56.830 the rising threats posed by japan and germany. 33:57.750 --> 34:01.730 He delivered his most passionate case to date about the needed 34:01.730 --> 34:05.010 turn away from the isolationist past the in so. 34:05.680 --> 34:06.490 In word look. 34:07.540 --> 34:08.260 And he said. 34:09.320 --> 34:11.500 We're determined to keep out for. 34:12.640 --> 34:16.890 But yet we cannot have complete protection in a world of juice order. 34:17.500 --> 34:19.760 And which confidence and security of broken. Down. 34:22.520 --> 34:26.420 We all know that these appeals were not enough to summon action 34:26.420 --> 34:27.010 at that time. 34:27.800 --> 34:31.240 Present Roosevelt speech was greeted with protests and anger. 34:32.240 --> 34:35.020 From a public determined is stay out of international for. 34:36.290 --> 34:37.700 But we also know what fall. 34:38.720 --> 34:40.790 The costly is conflict in world history. 34:41.690 --> 34:44.900 It is for the na growing january twentieth 19 40 five. 34:45.900 --> 34:48.420 President Roosevelt reflected on the lessons of that can. 34:49.430 --> 34:50.040 And he said. 34:51.060 --> 34:53.390 We're villain that we cannot move alone piece. 34:54.340 --> 34:57.130 That our own well being is dependent on the well-being of other 34:57.130 --> 34:58.580 nations far way. 34:59.430 --> 35:01.360 We are born to be citizens of the world. 35:02.580 --> 35:04.170 Members of the human. Community. 35:06.330 --> 35:08.480 These were jet go even more wildly today. 35:09.500 --> 35:12.180 Can someone a misdemeanor responsibilities around the world. 35:13.040 --> 35:16.080 America must not succumb to the temptation to turn inward. 35:17.360 --> 35:20.150 We do not engage in the world because we are great nation. 35:21.110 --> 35:22.580 Rather we are great nation. 35:23.420 --> 35:25.120 Because we engage in the world. 35:26.060 --> 35:28.620 And the because we engage with compliments and purpose. 35:29.630 --> 35:31.740 This is a complicated in challenging time. 35:32.620 --> 35:35.600 But it is not a time to lose confidence in ourselves. 35:36.770 --> 35:37.490 Who we are. 35:38.460 --> 35:39.540 What we believe. 35:40.380 --> 35:41.470 And what we represent. 35:42.670 --> 35:45.470 Go challenges is Tracer world. Our nation. 35:46.250 --> 35:48.260 And all of its institutions are great. 35:49.130 --> 35:51.620 Soul was our capacity to deal with these problems. 35:52.810 --> 35:55.980 If we're weiss steady and resolute. 35:56.670 --> 35:59.710 Never in the history of mankind is a nation preserves so much 35:59.710 --> 36:02.820 capacity to help make a better world for all mankind. 36:03.920 --> 36:05.320 We must not fear change. 36:05.930 --> 36:06.680 But embrace it. 36:07.410 --> 36:09.160 We must not only look in word. 36:10.080 --> 36:11.150 But also upward. 36:11.720 --> 36:12.090 In out. 36:13.490 --> 36:14.730 You must remain a nation. 36:15.410 --> 36:16.380 Of big shoulders. 36:17.050 --> 36:17.370 Thank you.. Right. 36:28.880 --> 36:34.850 Right. I. Think. 36:44.000 --> 36:46.370 Mister sectors thank you very much for a. 36:47.540 --> 36:50.880 Not only those kind words but that I think quite remarkable brought 36:51.320 --> 36:54.510 over few of where we stand to date and I think to call for at 36:54.820 --> 36:57.530 the call for continued engagement was strong and lout I think 36:57.530 --> 37:01.300 we all heard it's um at this point to the sect areas agree to 37:01.300 --> 37:06.140 take a few questions uh please up which are hand up and the war 37:06.140 --> 37:10.130 recognize shoe but to wait until the microphone's come she or 37:10.130 --> 37:10.480 of weight. 37:11.050 --> 37:14.640 Uh and the one always to start over here to Johnson an the fourth 37:14.640 --> 37:16.730 wrote with the. Publisher. 37:21.890 --> 37:24.880 Bill called on the you all to almost sleep. 37:25.660 --> 37:27.330 It follows who will corey. 37:28.010 --> 37:30.020 Can resay and without counterparts. 37:33.980 --> 37:37.890 No. Are are clever question in be.. Um. 37:38.570 --> 37:42.840 Um. But I think I got your point. 37:44.480 --> 37:50.680 Um. Manchu would-be we're boys live in imperfect world. We we're 37:50.680 --> 37:54.400 always live in a world where we're buddy doesn't play by the samples. 37:55.820 --> 37:59.010 Uh but the That that is a given. 37:59.640 --> 38:04.730 With. The world but is we all know him as I know of. That to 38:04.760 --> 38:08.990 use challenging for many reasons and has who world who falls 38:08.990 --> 38:11.600 in a in there as I noted in my speech. 38:12.330 --> 38:16.960 Uh uh diffusion of power not just economic pile of more players 38:16.960 --> 38:20.280 moral interests. I wish we were interconnected a. 38:21.200 --> 38:24.190 We have to frame all of this up in the focusing on our foreign 38:24.190 --> 38:29.020 policy our principles our interests realizing that everybody 38:29.020 --> 38:31.140 doesn't see the world as we do. 38:31.730 --> 38:35.150 But one of the points are made in this speech that uh. I wanna. 38:36.050 --> 38:40.090 Comeback injures for more into the whole fully enter your question 38:40.550 --> 38:43.500 to some extent is my my reference to. 38:44.150 --> 38:46.700 What's happened in the world since will work to. 38:47.760 --> 38:52.100 Um. I think buy-in most measurements and any metric ici would 38:52.100 --> 38:57.990 apply the last 65 years of imperfect problems issues haven't 38:57.990 --> 38:59.440 sold all the problems in the world. 39:00.350 --> 39:01.870 They're pretty good 65 years. 39:02.580 --> 39:03.320 Not for everybody. 39:04.400 --> 39:05.800 Uh no we're award three. 39:06.630 --> 39:08.740 Uh how many you leaders of will work to. 39:09.850 --> 39:12.110 I'm left this world. 39:13.540 --> 39:16.810 With fact concern in mine with a nuclear exchange between the 39:16.810 --> 39:18.230 soviet union and I stays. 39:18.800 --> 39:20.580 Thinking that that was very possible. 39:21.290 --> 39:22.070 And very where it all. 39:22.590 --> 39:23.850 Of that hasn't occurred. 39:24.380 --> 39:29.300 I I think by any measurement to we it made the world all of us 39:29.430 --> 39:32.640 with American leadership working with our our friends and allies 39:32.640 --> 39:33.350 across a world. 39:33.920 --> 39:38.640 Are pretty remarkable progress and more democracies few balding 39:38.670 --> 39:41.660 developing more opportunities more freedoms imperfect. 39:42.200 --> 39:45.010 Uh you know we we tend occasionally to. 39:45.610 --> 39:51.490 Us see the world. I'm here in terms of america 24 change our 39:51.490 --> 39:54.730 democracy 20 forty. While one we started. 39:55.540 --> 40:00.400 And 17 76 we did have a right we're we're 27 amends the constitution. 40:01.530 --> 40:04.200 Half the people on this one could not vote in the United States 40:04.200 --> 40:05.890 of america lesson henri years ago. 40:06.770 --> 40:10.100 We at a cost to show mehmet to fix it and I think all the other 40:10.350 --> 40:13.410 societal issues in some of the other thing where what we're all 40:13.750 --> 40:16.470 we need to keep in mind is we work with these conflicts. 40:17.030 --> 40:22.670 Um that that that yes they have cultures a of frameworks of history. 40:23.540 --> 40:27.450 But that was was we can continue the influence and I'll come 40:27.450 --> 40:30.560 for the future for our future. Our principles all of the is what 40:30.560 --> 40:33.940 we believe it and it is difficult uh because people. 40:35.260 --> 40:39.280 Don't always playboy this term rules there are countries a who. 40:40.010 --> 40:42.430 Undermine our efforts. But that's not new. 40:42.980 --> 40:45.500 The action that that's not new when the world it's always been 40:45.500 --> 40:49.980 so it's more to find a day on mostly because of of technology. 40:50.560 --> 40:54.530 Uh and the awareness of what's going on. So I know I'm I'm rambling 40:54.530 --> 40:57.800 dale your question that I thought you gave me some license a 40:57.830 --> 40:59.240 with she set up by. 41:00.020 --> 41:03.120 It's which you get for for size question uh in the in the back 41:03.120 --> 41:04.400 go for of right behind. 41:05.400 --> 41:06.970 Lady to the right right continues. 41:07.870 --> 41:10.680 Thank you mister secretary. I was wondering if the department 41:10.680 --> 41:15.750 of defense has and view our policy about to the east in central 41:15.780 --> 41:19.670 africa not wield them. That's taking place right now particularly 41:19.670 --> 41:22.770 because that region has a lot of similarities with the Arctic 41:22.770 --> 41:27.190 circle that there are a lot of and there's energy ming or All's 41:27.330 --> 41:30.120 fresh water in infected available fresh water. 41:30.670 --> 41:34.400 But also the great Lakes has been experiencing a tremendous amount 41:34.400 --> 41:36.760 of conflict for the past 20 years. 41:37.270 --> 41:41.780 Um as well is to Harrison that's creeping from the west and the 41:41.780 --> 41:43.450 nice to come on the continent. 41:43.970 --> 41:44.900 Is they are. 41:45.510 --> 41:46.760 Of you look back to. 41:47.460 --> 41:50.430 The energy resource development. That's taking place there. 41:51.420 --> 41:54.870 Well there a as him you are probably noted that i've mentioned 41:54.900 --> 41:58.870 I didn't specifically mention east africa or west africa up but 41:58.870 --> 41:59.760 i've I mention. 42:00.600 --> 42:04.570 Do the ships in the discovery of the energy resources. I said 42:04.570 --> 42:08.650 both in western hemisphere around the world. Certainly the area 42:08.650 --> 42:11.490 that you're just reference would be one of its um. 42:13.050 --> 42:17.510 Energy exploration the ability. I have not only to find. 42:18.140 --> 42:22.360 A these new sources of energy and extract those. 42:23.120 --> 42:27.170 Iraq and a I'll be able to develop. 42:28.360 --> 42:30.190 Those potential areas. 42:30.730 --> 42:34.980 I probably is is carnaby is important on hall. 42:36.080 --> 42:38.120 The future of the world is to find. 42:38.780 --> 42:39.760 Does anyone think. 42:40.270 --> 42:43.030 I'm the energy is the engine for growth. 42:43.670 --> 42:44.910 For each prosperity. 42:45.560 --> 42:48.710 For possibilities as well of mostly as war. 42:49.850 --> 42:55.480 Uh and that those are two components overall world starting with water. 42:56.060 --> 43:00.590 Uh we can't do without fresh water clean water. This is why Adams 43:00.590 --> 43:05.000 referencing in my remarks about environmental issues energy issues. 43:05.000 --> 43:09.840 If they're all connected in the integrated and our national security 43:10.120 --> 43:13.440 the future of the world when you look at the population today. 43:14.010 --> 43:17.310 A a six billion people the martyr furs are talking about the 43:17.310 --> 43:21.310 possibility of much 25 30 years of two billion more people of 43:21.400 --> 43:23.790 will we will crowd more and more people. 43:24.500 --> 43:27.220 A on to the same for. 43:27.760 --> 43:31.460 Space. The requiring demanding. 43:32.050 --> 43:35.210 That. The these new. Uh. 43:35.790 --> 43:38.390 Requirements. For existence. 43:39.310 --> 43:42.810 Energy be there would be a huge part of that I'm. 43:43.640 --> 43:47.340 The concern that we always have as I noted in the Arctic for 43:47.340 --> 43:51.400 jeff will we do know that there are tremendous natural resources 43:51.810 --> 43:57.060 energy resources minerals up an area of acts to an area for potential 43:57.060 --> 43:58.780 conflict just use east. 43:59.450 --> 44:01.480 West africa not just a mom. 44:02.210 --> 44:06.320 Um. Non nations stage an organization that between the between 44:06.320 --> 44:10.340 nations stage. So all the energy piece of their sees something 44:10.340 --> 44:12.560 and this is injured rudely woven. 44:13.080 --> 44:16.010 Into the fabric and the pattern you ask of our foreign policy 44:16.040 --> 44:19.510 or any nations of foreign policy. That's why we need to stay 44:19.510 --> 44:23.520 ahead of this as much as we can to work with our partners and 44:23.600 --> 44:28.300 they use or influence the help a as these countries develop. 44:29.000 --> 44:34.230 Those energy resources. So it's it's it's a big part of the entire work. 44:34.270 --> 44:35.180 Well for calls. 44:36.580 --> 44:37.510 Right here in the front. Row. 44:41.360 --> 44:43.970 Um missed a second to you mention that need from you O clock 44:44.050 --> 44:47.330 forms of wet Benson equipment that separate. 44:47.980 --> 44:50.900 Uh it's the same time congress continues to for. 44:51.430 --> 44:53.340 Money for some hauled. What's faults. 44:53.930 --> 44:57.480 Is anyway to shifted the farm bill slowed down the waist.. Well. 44:59.340 --> 45:05.670 Well. You should run for commercial the Up. 45:07.060 --> 45:10.280 It's you know I I still a little time focusing on this. 45:11.090 --> 45:15.290 And I know I was in the United States are for 12 years so. 45:15.800 --> 45:18.350 I'm I'm not unfamiliar with. 45:18.940 --> 45:21.940 The political realities and pressure usual a member of congress. 45:22.550 --> 45:25.880 Of images are heard district or state. I I get that. 45:26.610 --> 45:30.500 But I'm leadership was about doing the right thing. 45:31.670 --> 45:33.970 Leadership is about getting of both. 45:34.550 --> 45:38.330 Parochial interests and a less difficult to do stating appear 45:38.730 --> 45:43.040 a or a speaking in theoretical terms. I know that's easy to do. 45:43.670 --> 45:44.460 But I actually. 45:45.080 --> 45:47.710 A normal about what I'm talking about I don't use might salt 45:47.710 --> 45:49.580 was a model and how to do it best. 45:50.380 --> 45:52.840 I live the song. I have some understanding. 45:53.990 --> 45:57.790 Uh but our leaders of the car are gonna have to get a balls this 45:58.260 --> 46:02.320 and in not make decisions for nations security based on their 46:02.320 --> 46:03.180 own meryl. 46:03.870 --> 46:07.560 Interests. Uh they'll have to figure that out each member of 46:07.560 --> 46:11.440 cumbersome selected are represents a state or it just take a 46:11.440 --> 46:15.420 I respect that I never ever my 12 years incentive to one member 46:15.420 --> 46:15.970 out of low. 46:16.720 --> 46:20.400 A each was have to figure that out a I would advocate for position 46:20.870 --> 46:21.560 but to them. 46:22.070 --> 46:26.000 As for your your elected leaders. While you are part of a representative 46:26.000 --> 46:26.740 government system. 46:27.470 --> 46:29.750 But you are summer comments. I made. 46:30.380 --> 46:34.920 I'd like it all our military leaders like to keep a lot of weapons 46:34.920 --> 46:39.360 systems but i've got a project out the into where we place this 46:39.390 --> 46:43.390 enterprise for the future. When I walk out with the And everyone 46:43.390 --> 46:46.200 our leaders are senior leaders feels the same way. 46:46.770 --> 46:50.680 Is we have to look back and us we're show one question. 46:51.230 --> 46:54.370 That I leave it better than I found it is it's stronger is a 46:54.370 --> 46:57.820 better prepare for the future going back and continuing. 46:58.430 --> 47:01.450 To love along with 50 year old platforms no matter. How good 47:01.450 --> 47:03.200 they were or health sectors that were. 47:03.770 --> 47:07.430 Um. We don't have the luxury we've gotta build for the future. 47:07.430 --> 47:10.320 That's what we're trying to do and i've also mentioned commerce 47:10.320 --> 47:13.720 has to be a partner with us in as i've said that a testimony 47:13.720 --> 47:17.490 with members of congress uh. I say this when we talk they know 47:17.490 --> 47:21.560 that a their big part of this year. There is no money without doctors. 47:21.930 --> 47:23.710 So they need to be part of it. 47:24.290 --> 47:26.060 As I often would remind. 47:26.670 --> 47:29.770 Uh there's some of my friends them in the executive branch when 47:29.770 --> 47:33.320 I was in the legislative branch it article one of the constitution. 47:33.840 --> 47:36.390 Is about the legislative branch there. Another tree quote we 47:36.420 --> 47:37.630 all branches I get that. 47:38.210 --> 47:38.780 It's whether with. 47:39.480 --> 47:42.570 They're supposed to work. So we'll be there there are the ones. 47:43.070 --> 47:44.060 Uh but to. 47:45.230 --> 47:47.800 Nonetheless we it's imperfect in that done. 47:48.470 --> 47:52.820 Uh he get really does come down to an assessment for a future 47:53.200 --> 47:57.550 and what leadership its responsibility is to prepare our nation 47:57.750 --> 47:58.730 not just for today. 47:59.360 --> 48:01.510 But probably more important for for. More. 48:04.020 --> 48:07.820 Just looking for a they younger a student over there was I want 48:07.990 --> 48:09.210 to actually to but 48:10.670 --> 48:13.790 I think you miss are secretary um you spoke about some of the 48:13.790 --> 48:16.870 challenges that conquer spaces and I think one of those thick 48:16.870 --> 48:20.050 challenges spent dealing with the issue of sexual assault and 48:20.050 --> 48:20.790 the military. 48:21.320 --> 48:25.720 So as an aspiring future lighter. I'm interested in why you think 48:25.780 --> 48:29.850 that the judicial system should not be prosecuting sexual assaults 48:29.850 --> 48:33.630 military and instead it should go through the military process them. 48:34.310 --> 48:37.980 Well thank you it is is good it's a central question issues in 48:37.980 --> 48:39.800 fallen Wallace and I wish you. Well work. 48:40.420 --> 48:41.340 The on law school were. 48:42.380 --> 48:43.920 You are almost. There. 48:46.790 --> 48:49.830 It's a full disclosure. I am a brother is a law school professor. 48:49.830 --> 48:53.330 So we manufactures people like you in the. Ah. 48:57.360 --> 48:59.940 Um and I say that with great affection and you know. 49:02.020 --> 49:06.890 Uh. I was a slow enough to be a lawyer my brother reminds me 49:07.120 --> 49:08.000 of that all the time. 49:09.470 --> 49:13.900 Your question is really a a central part of the entire an issue. 49:15.300 --> 49:17.440 In in were I started is is with us. 49:18.290 --> 49:23.760 Institutions must be accountable that leaders must be responsible. 49:25.080 --> 49:26.910 All institution our enterprise. 49:27.560 --> 49:28.450 He has um. 49:29.100 --> 49:30.510 Is a different enterprise. 49:31.230 --> 49:34.600 The military from any other dead as a main that they should not 49:34.600 --> 49:38.760 comply with laws sexual assault is a crime. It's purer sample 49:38.790 --> 49:43.570 matter don't military base were or college campus. 49:44.840 --> 49:46.130 Us you start there. 49:46.850 --> 49:47.490 Dan then. 49:48.490 --> 49:52.050 What is the most wise affected way to deal with. 49:52.970 --> 49:56.840 And The biggest concern. I have yet and i've said so. 49:57.400 --> 50:00.570 Uh and our military leaders share views. We presented our programs 50:00.570 --> 50:03.400 to come wrist and I don't know of an institution that country 50:03.400 --> 50:06.100 by the way it's done more than us military on this issue. 50:06.830 --> 50:09.330 And um we're not where we need to be out. 50:09.990 --> 50:13.520 We will get their i've made a high priority remains high a priority 50:13.520 --> 50:17.910 is raise a me with or sexual salt prevention office people once 50:17.910 --> 50:18.360 a week. 50:19.130 --> 50:19.930 Are for an hour. 50:20.540 --> 50:24.150 Um those of you are familiar things we've done and very proud 50:24.150 --> 50:27.470 of the things that we've got a Week we should've been doing this 50:27.470 --> 50:31.020 years ago but that's the can doing about that we can do something 50:31.020 --> 50:34.470 now and into the future and we are doing that to your question. 50:35.550 --> 50:37.650 I thought thank you these wines. 50:38.350 --> 50:39.690 Or wrist possible. 50:40.250 --> 50:41.920 To take it out of the system. 50:42.930 --> 50:48.040 The Commanders the very people who are responsible. 50:48.830 --> 50:52.480 For the system. No I know of the argument is. Well ahead work 50:52.480 --> 50:53.650 very well under stricter. 50:54.500 --> 50:56.020 Match or that's all that he is. 50:56.660 --> 50:59.650 Altogether correct in the sense that when you look at prosecute 50:59.650 --> 51:00.640 chore or rapes. 51:01.380 --> 51:05.080 Of who goes to court martial versus who goes to court and prosecutors. 51:05.840 --> 51:09.540 Oh do they go after him. Get to corpse all I'm. 51:10.120 --> 51:12.240 Being. What we got we got. 51:12.860 --> 51:16.680 Pretty good pretty good system. We the pair not good enough because 51:16.710 --> 51:19.110 if there's one us all as too many we get that. 51:19.960 --> 51:23.530 But I don't think you solve the problem by taking it out of the 51:23.530 --> 51:24.800 very institution. 51:25.520 --> 51:28.830 That hash to be responsible for solving for all the things a 51:28.830 --> 51:32.540 we can do i've suggested the condor. So last year things that 51:32.540 --> 51:36.000 I would ask a heavy uniform code of military justice mended. 51:36.290 --> 51:39.210 I knew I wanted to initiative on that starter would may. 51:39.950 --> 51:43.610 In star when buddy ups up salt our military leaders are very 51:43.640 --> 51:47.470 open to change in we're got a number of my the shoot I just just 51:47.470 --> 51:52.120 three last week issued another says the 28 told women in last 51:52.120 --> 51:55.010 three months of victims wipes. 51:55.790 --> 52:00.010 Victims' advocates we didn't have anything like that now every. 52:00.650 --> 52:01.820 Person that comes forward. 52:02.600 --> 52:06.280 A every victim is is sign an attorney there's confidentiality 52:06.680 --> 52:10.770 we have to develop system trust and confidence in in the reporting. 52:11.300 --> 52:15.180 That in fact something will be died and they will be Oster size defector. 52:15.620 --> 52:16.810 It's not the victims will. 52:17.390 --> 52:21.480 It's a perpetrator so I think we're making progress we're not 52:21.480 --> 52:25.180 where we need to be I'm proud of the a fortune we're making I'd 52:25.210 --> 52:27.850 I do think it would be a mistake to take it out of the military 52:28.190 --> 52:31.590 a told the president long time ago loggers we're not gonna fix. 52:31.590 --> 52:33.250 This problem like taking. 52:33.800 --> 52:37.180 The answer in the resolution and the responsibility for fixing 52:37.180 --> 52:38.840 get out of the very. Institution. 52:40.700 --> 52:41.580 That's happening yet. 52:42.340 --> 52:45.630 And I know it's not just happening in the military is you will know. 52:46.130 --> 52:48.780 Me in every day there's a new front page story about colleges 52:48.780 --> 52:52.240 and universities this is a societal which but it is a crime will 52:52.270 --> 52:54.770 issue its are crime to assault someone. 52:56.080 --> 52:59.690 Think that was the sectarian the ran out of time. Thank you very 52:59.690 --> 53:03.170 much for up being a guest of our platform. We want to that..