WEBVTT

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Mhm .

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Today , the Bosniak croat and serb

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soldiers of Bosnian hurts . A governor

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serve under the same flag only 15 years

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ago , they were fighting each other in

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1995 Bosnian hurts . The governor had

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close to half a million men under arms

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and had three different armies or local

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NATO support for reforming the military

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started under the peacekeeping mandate

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of the stabilization force . S four ,

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that was the time at which some risk

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could be taken with the security

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umbrella of NATO to start reducing

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these armies .

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Yeah . S four worked on

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downsizing the various militaries and

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increasing transparency as well as

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vetting senior military appointments ,

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Toy story process process , The

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Military Search Rodney .

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In 1997 NATO established a security

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cooperation program with Bosnia and

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Herzegovina . At first it focused on

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confidence building , but then

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gradually turned to analyzing and

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developing solutions for the security

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challenges facing the country . By 2000

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and two , the number of active duty

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soldiers had come down to 34,000 , less

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than 1/10 of the figure at the end of

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hostilities , but still far too many

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soldiers for a country of four million

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people and more than the country could

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afford .

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Mhm Ruger far below with a better

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Gordon ? A college was posted . Any

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Nike family ,

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more radical reforms were pushed

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through under two defense reform

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commissions which brought together all

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local and international officials and

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organizations working in the security

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field . The first commission was set up

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in 2000 and three by the International

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High Representative Lord Ashdown .

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Following two major scandals involving

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the Bosnian Serb Army . First came

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revelations about illegal arms sales to

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Saddam Hussein's regime on the eve of

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the Iraq war , in violation of un

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sanctions . We basically caught them

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red handed doing this . Um Lord Ashdown

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determined that this couldn't be

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allowed to continue , couldn't have

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entity armed forces or entity

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governments undermining the sovereignty

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of the state

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control in that

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sector . Then in March 2000 and three ,

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s for discovered that for years Bosnian

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serb army intelligence had been

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illegally wiretapping international

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civilian and military personnel and the

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federation's army and government as

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well as private citizens .

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It's hard pressed on it . You know ,

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all look out for me run communities and

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for modern the country's desire to join

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NATO's partnership for peace provided

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additional political impetus for

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defense reform to be a credible partner .

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They needed to have state level

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coordination of defense . The 2003

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Defense Reform Commission was tasked to

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draft the necessary legal and

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constitutional changes and what emerged

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from this was a State Ministry of

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Defense and a state Joint Staff and

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operational Command . Each entity

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retained its own defence ministry

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responsible for administrative tasks ,

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manning training and equipment . But

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there was now a functioning state level

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defense establishment . It was a huge

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breakthrough at the time When you

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consider these armies have been

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fighting each other just a few years

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before . In the wake of these reforms ,

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the armed forces were reduced to 12,000

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active duty soldiers and reserves of

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60,000 . This improved security

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environment allowed NATO to end its

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stabilization mission and hand over

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responsibility for security to the

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European Union . But NATO maintained a

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headquarters in Sarajevo to support

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defense reform and to help prepare the

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country to join the Partnership for

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peace . More challenges lay ahead . The

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first reforms had changed structures ,

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but not mindsets when later on

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in 2004 revelations occurred

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of support from members of the Bosnian

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Serb Army for General Ratko Mladic ,

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person indicted by the International

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Criminal Tribunal for the Hague for

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genocide and other war crimes . Clearly ,

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more change was needed . Ongoing

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tensions were evident at a swearing in

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ceremony in early 2005 , when Bosnian

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Serb recruits and their families booed

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the Bosnian anthem and refused to

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pledge allegiance to Bosnia and her to

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governor .

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A new mandate to take the reform

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process further was given to the 2005

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Defense Reform Commission . It was co

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chaired by the Bosnian Defence Minister

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and the political adviser of NATO

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headquarters in Sarajevo .

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Yes , I really want to fast Now

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the finishing Adela and we decided as

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members of the Commission , we should

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try to create a new armed forces .

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They're actually designed to deal with

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the 21st century . The world has

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changed dramatically since Yugoslavia

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fell apart and the nature of security

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threats have changed completely . The

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reforms that came into force in January

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2006 created a single military force

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and a single chain of command running

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from the presidency . All three

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constituent peoples were to be equally

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represented at senior decision making

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levels . Conscription was also

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abolished . The armed forces were

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further reduced in size to a maximum of

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10,000 professional soldiers with

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reserves of half that number . It is

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still seen as the single most effective

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and far ranging and enduring reform

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project that the international

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community undertook in Bosnia hurts the

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governor . The impact of these reforms

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went beyond the country itself by being

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the country that took that first bold

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step to professionalize its armed

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forces and get rid of conscription

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within the space of six months .

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Croatia Serbia , Montenegro , Albania

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and Macedonia all announced that they

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were either completely getting rid of

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conscription or would do so in a phased

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way over over the coming years . These

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structural reforms provided Bosnian

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hurts a governor with simpler , more

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effective and more affordable armed

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forces reforming the military was

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essential for the viability of Bosnian

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hurts a governor as a state And for

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stability in the region . It also

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paved the way for NATO to invite the

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country to become a member of NATO's

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partnership for peace . In 2006 , I

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mean , mm